A transistor is an electronic device made of semiconductor material that can act as a conductor or insulator. It has three regions - the emitter, base, and collector. There are different types of transistors including bipolar junction transistors, field effect transistors, and metal oxide semiconductor transistors. Transistors are used as switches in many electronic devices like smartphones and computers. They allow devices to store and process information using integrated circuits. Transistors brought many advantages over previous technologies like smaller size, lower cost, and longer life.

1. Transistor
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3. Transistor Definition
Transistor is an electronic device made of
three layers of semiconductor material that can
act as an insulator and a conductor.
The three layered transistor is also known as
the bipolar junction transistor.

4. Emitter- heavily doped
Base- lightly doped
Collector- moderately doped
A transistors has 3 regions namely
Regions of a transistor

5. Bipolar Junction Transistor
BJT
Types of Transistor
Field Effect Transistor
FET
Unipolar Junction Transistor
UJT
Metal Oxide Semiconductor
MOS

6. Bipolar Junction
Transistors
A bipolar junction transistor is a type of transistor that uses
both electrons and electron holes as charge carriers. In
contrast, a unipolar transistor, such as a field-effect
transistor, uses only one kind of charge carrier.

7. The transistor as a switch used in making –
1. Memory cards in mobile phones.
2. Most of the parts of modern electronic devices like
smartphones, smartwatches, etc are all made up
with transistors where they act as switches.
3. Logic gates, flip-flops circuit.
4. Microprocessors and Microcontrollers.
5. Register circuits.
Transistor Application

8. Transistor, semiconductor device for amplifying, controlling,
and generating electrical signals. Transistors are the active
components of integrated circuits, or “microchips,” which often
contain billions of these minuscule devices etched into their
shiny surfaces.
Uses of Transistor

9. 1. Smaller mechanical sensitivity.
2. Lower cost and smaller in size, especially in small-
signal circuits.
3. Low operating voltages for greater safety, lower costs,
and tighter clearances.
4. Extremely long life.
5. No power consumption by a cathode heater.
6. Fast switching
Advantages of Transistor

10. 1. It is sensitive to temperature,
2. It produced very low energy.
3. The power transistor cannot be operating satisfactorily
above the switching frequency of 15 kHz.
4. It can be damaged due to the thermal runway or second
breakdown.
5. It has a reverse blocking capacity is very low.
Disadvantages of Transistor

11. Conclusion
Transistors transformed the world of
electronics and had a huge impact on
computer design. By replacing bulky and
unreliable vacuum tubes with transistors.

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