This document provides an overview of magnetism and electricity. It defines magnetism as the power of magnets to attract things and describes different types of magnets including natural and artificial magnets. It also explains the poles of magnets and how opposite poles attract and like poles repel. The document then defines electricity and different types including static electricity and electrical current. It describes how electrical current is a flow of electrons in a closed circuit and identifies the basic components of a circuit including generators, conductors, receptors, and switches.

1. .

4. INDEX
1.-What is Magnetism?
2.- What is a magnet?
3.- Types of magnets.
4.- the poles of a magnet.

5. 1.-What is Magnetism?
Magnetism is the power
of magnets to attract
things.
A magnet is an object that can attract
metal objects made of iron, steel, nickel
and some other materials.
2.-What is a magnet?

6. Magnets have been known for
centuries.
The Chinese and Greeks knew about
the “magical” properties of magnets.
The ancient Greeks used a stone
called “magnetite.” They discovered
that the stone always pointed in the
same direction.

7. 3.- TYPES OF MAGNETS
NATURAL MAGNETS
ARTIFICIAL MAGNETS
Are foundin nature.
For example some rocks
Are man-made.
They are usually made of iron
or steel.
lodestone

8. Investigation
What objects will
attract to a magnet
and which objects
will not attract.

9. Object Material Prediction Result Was your answer
correct?
PENCIL
PAPER CLIP
COIN
MARBLE
SCISSORS
KEYS
PEN
What will make a magnet move?
XWOOD YES

10. Object Material Prediction Result Was your answer
correct?
PENCIL WOOD
PAPER CLIP IRON
COIN Steel covered by Copper.
MARBLE GLASS
SCISSORS IRON
KEYS IRON
PEN PLASTIC
What will make a magnet move?
X
X

11. Paper clips
attract...
because they are
made of iron.

12. Scissors
attract.
because they are
made of iron.

13. Nuts and
bolts attract.
because they are
made of iron.

14. The power of
magnets.

15. 4.- The poles of a magnet.
The poles are the parts of the magnet that
Exert the strongest force on metal objects.

16. The blue end of a magnet is usually
the south pole.
The red end of a magnet is usually the
north pole.

17. Investigation
• What you will need :-
Magnets (x2),
a compass,
some thread

18. 1.-Tie the thread around the middle of one
of the magnets.
2.- Hold it up by the thread.
3.- Use the compass to see which is the
north end of the magnet. (The north end of
the magnet will point in the same direction
as the north pointer in the compass).
4.- Repeat for the other magnet.
Then answer the questions.

19. If you put two magnets together with
different poles pointing towards one
another, the magnets will pull towards
each other. We say they attract each
other.
In this picture a north and a south pole are
pulling towards each other (attracting
each other).

20. If you try to put two magnets together with
the same poles pointing towards one another,
the magnets will push away from each other.
We say they repel each other.

21. When two like poles are
placed together they repel
each other.

22. • So now we know that “like” poles repel
each other…
• and that “opposite” poles attract each
other.

23. Magnets are in most electronic devices, in fact,
anything that has a motor uses a magnet.
They are used to slow
down roller coasters
and subways.
More uses of magnets are found every day!

24. If you cut a magnet in half,
you get 2 magnets!

25. A magnet has a
‘magnetic field’
distributed throughout
the surrounding space
Michael Faraday realized that ...

26. William Gilbert, an English
physician, first proposed in
1600 that the Earth itself is a
magnet, and he predicted
that the Earth would be
found to have magnetic
poles.

27. The Earth is a magnet:
Magnetic South Pole
Magnetic North Pole
It exerts magnetic forces
and is surrounded by a
magnetic field that is
strongest near the
North and South
magnetic poles
Geographic North Pole
Geographic South Pole

28. We use the Earth’s magnetic field to find
direction.
The needle of a compass always points toward the magnetic south pole.
We call this direction “North” (remember, opposites attract)

29. 1.- What is electricity?
2.- Types of electricity
2.1.-Static electricity
2.2.-Electrical current
3.- The movement of an electrical current.
4.- Elements of an electric circuit.

30. 9V
+ -
Electricity is a form of energy.
1.- What is electricity?
-+
Electricity give us light and heat.
It also makes machines work.
For example, Washing machines,
computers and microwave ovens
It is expressed in Volts (V)

31. 2.- Types of electricity
Static
electricity
Electrical
current

32. 2.1.-Static Electricity
A stationary electrical
charge that is built up on
the surface of a material.

33. After being rubbed,
a plastic ruler can
attract paper scraps.
The ruler has got static electricity.
Is it magic?

34. Matter is made up of atoms.
+
+
+
–
––
+
–
Proton (positive charge)
neutron (neutral)
electron (negative charge)
atom nucleus
No, it isn,t
Explanation

35. When a ruler is rubbed with a
piece of wool...
– electrons are pulled from the
wool to the ruler.
The ruler has more electrons than
usual.
+
+
+
+
+
–
–
–
–
– The ruler: – charged,
The wool: +charged
wool

36. HANDS-ON ACTIVITY
• You will need:
• Two balloons of two different
colour per group.
• Sticky tape.
• A duster or wool cloth per group.

37. INVESTIGATION
*Inflate the balloons (not too much) and tie a
knot at the open end. Inflate both balloons to
a similar size to make the test fair. Tie the
string to the knots.
*Rub one of the balloons with the wool cloth,
but not the other.
*Move your open hand near the balloon you
didn’t rub, but without touching it. Then do
the same with the balloon you rubbed .

38. BEFORE STARTING THE EXPERIMENT
• 1.-QUESTION(WHAT DO WE WANT TO
TEST)?
• 2.-PROCEDURES: (HOW ARE WE GOING
TO CONDUCT THE TEST.)?
• 3.- PREDICTION( WHAT DO WE THINK IS
GOING TO HAPPEN?
• 4.-CONCLUSION: (WHAT ACTUALLY
HAPPENED?)

39. USE A AN INVESTIGATION RECORD
SHEET.
*QUESTION: Will the two balloons behave the
same way?
*PROCEDURES: inflate two balloons. Rub one of
the balloons with the wool cloth, but not the
other. Move your open hand near the balloon.
*PREDICTION: One of the balloons will move.
*CONCLUSION: The balloon that was rubbed has
got static electricity, that is why it moves.

40. 2.2.-Electrical Current
Electricity is a flow of
electrons around a circuit.

42. 9V
+ -
3.- The movement of an electrical current.
e-1
-+
e-1
e-1
e-1
e-1
e-1
e-1
e-1
We classify objects according
to whether they let in electric current
pass through them in:
CONDUCTORS
INSULATORS.

43. Conductor
Something that allows
electrical energy to pass easily
Metals (copper, silver)
Some solutions.

44. Insulator
Object that does not permit
electricity to pass through it.
wood
glass
plastic

45. Try some materials in a circuit
to find out if they are
CONDUCTORS OR INSULATORS.
INVESTIGATION

46. Electrical charges can only flow
through a closed circuit.
When all the components are
connected together,
the circuit is closed.
If the circuit is open,
electrical
current cannot flow.
4. Elements of electric circuits.

47. A circuit will only work if it is
___________.
This means that it must make
a complete __________
Otherwise the _____________
can’t flow.
COMPLETE
LOOP.
ENERGY
SUMMARY

48. conductor
generator
switch
receptor

49. A which provides the electricity,for
example, one or more batteries.
like copper wires, which
electricity flows through
.
, or loads, which transform
electricity into another type of energy, for
example a light, a buzzer or a motor.
A to open or close the circuit
The circuit also needs some components to
work:
generator
Conductor
Receptor
switch
(s)
(s)

50. Component symbol
Generator (battery)
Conductor (wires)
Switch
open closed
Receptor (light)
Receptor (buzzer)
Receptor (motor)

51. DRAWING A CIRCUIT

53. THE END