Oersted showed that magnetic effects can be produced by moving electrical charges; Faraday and Henry showed that electric currents can be produced by moving magnets. The document discusses the history and science of magnetism, including how magnets have north and south poles, magnetic fields, and how different materials interact with magnetic fields through mechanisms like ferromagnetism, diamagnetism, and paramagnetism.
Magnetism. Introduction to Magnetism.
IGCSE comittee slide. I obtained this from Physics IGCSE comittee. Thank you for sharing. If the owner find this, kindly email me at fadhilahalias@gmail.com for aknowledgement.
Magnetism. Introduction to Magnetism.
IGCSE comittee slide. I obtained this from Physics IGCSE comittee. Thank you for sharing. If the owner find this, kindly email me at fadhilahalias@gmail.com for aknowledgement.
IT INCLUDES ALL BASIC CONCEPTS DEFINITIONS,PICTURES,EXAMPLES.
BETTER TO UNDERSTAND.
BEST CONTENT WITH BEST ANIMATIONS AND TRANSITIONS.
ALSO INCLUDES EARTH MAGNETIC FIELD
DEFINITION OF EARTH MAGNETIC FIELD.
IT INCLUDES BEST EXAMPLES AND REAL LIFE EXAMPLES,WHICH CAN HELP TO UNDERSTAND THE WHOLE CONCEPT.
This is my magnetism presentation.
Copyrighted images have been removed and replaced with a URL or a suitable replacement image from Wikimedia Commons.
IT INCLUDES ALL BASIC CONCEPTS DEFINITIONS,PICTURES,EXAMPLES.
BETTER TO UNDERSTAND.
BEST CONTENT WITH BEST ANIMATIONS AND TRANSITIONS.
ALSO INCLUDES EARTH MAGNETIC FIELD
DEFINITION OF EARTH MAGNETIC FIELD.
IT INCLUDES BEST EXAMPLES AND REAL LIFE EXAMPLES,WHICH CAN HELP TO UNDERSTAND THE WHOLE CONCEPT.
This is my magnetism presentation.
Copyrighted images have been removed and replaced with a URL or a suitable replacement image from Wikimedia Commons.
e can define motion as the change of position of an object with respect to time. A book falling off a table, water flowing from the tap, rattling windows, etc., all exhibit motion. Even the air that we breathe exhibits motion! Everything in the universe moves
SOME BASIC PRINCIPLES OF MAGNETISM (Autosaved).docxZocelynManingo1
Electric Current and Magnetism
The Nature of Magnetism: Electricity’s Silent Partner
Magnetism is a property of a material that enables to attract or repel other materials. The presence and strength of the material’s magnetic properties can be observed by the effect of the forces of attraction and repulsion on other materials.
What makes magnets?
Magnets are actually created by tiny spinning electrons in an atom. The electrons move about the nucleus and spin like a top, creating a tiny magnetic field.
If electrons are spinning in the same direction there is more magnetism, while electrons spinning in opposite directions cancel out each others’ magnetic fields. Magnetic fields are invisible, we can only see the effects of the magnetic force.
Magnetic Field: The space around a magnet in which a magnetic force is exerted
— The shape of a magnetic field is revealed by magnetic field lines
Directed away from north poles and toward south poles
Magnets have two ends or poles, called north and south poles. At the poles of a magnet, the magnetic field lines are closer together.
The magnetic field lines around horse-shoe and disk magnets are closest together at the magnets’ poles. Unlike poles of magnets attract each other and like poles of magnets repel. Magnetic Poles: A region on a magnet which produces magnetic forces
The poles of a suspended magnet will align themselves to the poles of the Earth
Fundamental Rule: Like poles repel; opposite poles attract
If a force of attraction only is possible between an object and a magnet, then the object interacting with the magnet contains a ferromagnetic substance and is considered naturally magnetic.
If a force of repulsion is only between an object and a magnet, then the object interacting with the magnet may also be a permanent magnet or a temporarily magnetized ferromagnetic material.
Materials which are attracted by a magnet are known as magnetic materials. Iron, cobalt, nickel and many alloys of these metals like steel and alnico are magnetic.
Magnetic materials can be used to make permanent or temporary magnets unlike the non-magnetic materials which cannot.
INDUCED MAGNETISM
The process by which the screws become magnets is called Electric/Magnetic Induction. This same process is the reason why magnets attract non-magnetized magnetic substances such as the screw. The screw becomes an induced magnet with the end nearer the magnet having an opposite polarity to that of the permanent magnet. Hence attraction happens after magnetic induction occurs. The quicker way to know the polarity of a permanent or induced magnet is by the use of a magnetic compass. Compass needle is a small magnet that is free to pivot in a horizontal plane about an axis and that the end of the magnet that points to geographic north is called the north (N) pole. Likewise, the opposite end of the magnet is the south (S) pole.What are magnetic domains?
Magnetic substances like iron, cobalt and nickel
Magnetism is considered as one component of electromagnetic forces which refers to physical phenomena arising from the force caused by magnets, objects that create fields that attract or repel other objects.
MAGNETISM and ELECTROMAGNETISM 2012.pptxmarkgrant78
Outlines the electrical principles regarding magnetism and its relation to electromagnetism and also their key role in the function of other electrical devices and equipment.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2. History #1
Term comes from the ancient Greek city of
Magnesia, at which many natural magnets were
found. We now refer to these natural magnets
as lodestones (also spelled loadstone; lode means
to lead or to attract) which contain magnetite, a
natural magnetic material Fe3O4.
Pliny the Elder (23-79 AD Roman) wrote of
a hill near the river Indus that was made
entirely of a stone that attracted iron.
3. History #2
Chinese as early as 121 AD knew that an
iron rod which had been brought near one of
these natural magnets would acquire and
retain the magnetic property…and that such a
rod when suspended from a string would align
itself in a north-south direction.
Use of magnets to aid in navigation can be
traced back to at least the eleventh century.
4. Basically, we knew the phenomenon existed and
we learned useful applications for it.
We did not understand it.
5. Finally, the Science
Not until 1819 was a connection between electrical and
magnetic phenomena shown. Danish scientist Hans Christian
Oersted observed that a compass needle in the vicinity of a
wire carrying electrical current was deflected!
In 1831, Michael Faraday discovered that a momentary
current existed in a circuit when the current in a nearby
circuit was started or stopped
Shortly thereafter, he discovered that motion of a
magnet toward or away from a circuit could produce the same
effect.
6. Let This Be a Lesson!
Joseph Henry (first Director of the
Smithsonian Institution) failed to publish what
he had discovered 6-12 months before Faraday
7. The Connection is Made
SUMMARY: Oersted showed that magnetic effects
could be produced by moving electrical charges;
Faraday and Henry showed that electric currents
could be produced by moving magnets
8. A Sheep in a Cow Suit?
All magnetic
phenomena result
from forces between
electric charges in
motion.
9. Looking in More Detail
Ampere first suggested in 1820 that
magnetic properties of matter were due to tiny
atomic currents
All atoms exhibit magnetic effects
Medium in which charges are moving has
profound effects on observed magnetic forces
10. For most of our discussions, we will
assume the medium is empty space,
which is a reasonable approximation of
air in this context.
11. Top Ten List
What We Will Learn About Magnetism
1. There are North Poles and South Poles.
2. Like poles repel, unlike poles attract.
3. Magnetic forces attract only magnetic materials.
4. Magnetic forces act at a distance.
5. While magnetized, temporary magnets act like permanent
magnets.
12. Top Ten continued
6. A coil of wire with an electric current flowing through it becomes
a magnet.
7. Putting iron inside a current-carrying coil increases the strength
of the electromagnet.
8. A changing magnetic field induces an electric current in a
conductor.
13. Top Ten Continued
9. A charged particle experiences no magnetic force when
moving parallel to a magnetic field, but when it is moving
perpendicular to the field it experiences a force perpendicular
to both the field and the direction of motion.
10. A current-carrying wire in a perpendicular magnetic field
experiences a force in a direction perpendicular to both the
wire and the field.
14. For Every North, There is a South
Every magnet has at least one north pole and one south pole. By
convention, we say that the magnetic field lines leave the North end
of a magnet and enter the South end of a magnet.
If you take a bar magnet and break it into two pieces, each piece will
again have a North pole and a South pole. If you take one of those
pieces and break it into two, each of the smaller pieces will have a
North pole and a South pole. No matter how small the pieces of the
magnet become, each piece will have a North pole and a South pole.
S N S N S N
15. No Monopoles Allowed
It has not been shown to be possible to end up with a single
North pole or a single South pole, which is a monopole ("mono"
means one or single, thus one pole).
S N
Note: Some theorists believe that magnetic monopoles may
have been made in the early Universe. So far, none have been
detected.
16. Magnets Have Magnetic Fields
We will say that a moving charge sets up in the space
around it a magnetic field,
and
it is the magnetic field which exerts a force on any other
charge moving through it.
Magnetic fields are vector
quantities….that is, they have a
magnitude and a direction!
17. Defining Magnetic Field Direction
Magnetic Field vectors as written as B
Direction of magnetic field at any point is defined
as the direction of motion of a charged particle on
which the magnetic field would not exert a force.
Magnitude of the B-vector is proportional to the
force acting on the moving charge, magnitude of the
moving charge, the magnitude of its velocity, and the
angle between v and the B-field. Unit is the Tesla or
the Gauss (1 T = 10,000 G).
20. The Concept of “Fields”
Michael Faraday
realized that ...
A magnet has a
‘magnetic field’
distributed throughout
the surrounding space
21. Magnetic Field Lines
Magnetic field lines describe the structure of magnetic fields
in three dimensions.They are defined as follows. If at any
point on such a line we place an ideal compass needle, free to
turn in any direction (unlike the usual compass needle, which
stays horizontal) then the needle will always point along the
field line.
Field lines converge where the magnetic force is strong, and
spread out where it is weak. For instance, in a compact bar
magnet or "dipole," field lines spread out from one pole and
converge towards the other, and of course, the magnetic
force is strongest near the poles where they come together.
28. Action at a Distance Explained
Although two magnets
may not be touching,
they still interact
through their
magnetic fields.
This explains the
‘action at a distance’,
say of a compass.
29. Force on the Charge
Right Hand Rule!
Put your fingers in the direction of motion of
the charge, curl them in the direction of the
magnetic field. Your thumb now points in the
direction of the magnetic force acting on the
charge. This force will bend the path of the
moving charge appropriately.
30. Watch the Bending Fingers!
QuickTime™ and a
GIF decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
31. Cyclotron
Developed in 1931 by E. O. Lawrence and
M. S. Livingston at UC Berkeley
Uses electric fields to accelerate and
magnetic fields to guide particles at very high
speeds
32. How a Cyclotron Works
Pair of metal chambers
shaped like a pillbox cut
along one of its diameters
(cleverly referred to as “D”s)
and slightly separated
Ds connected to
alternating current
Ions injected near gap
Ions are accelerated as long as they remain “in
step” with alternating electric field
33. Magnetic Force on Current-Carrying Wire
Since moving charges experience a force in a magnetic field, a current-
carrying wire will experience such a force, since a current consists of
moving charges. This property is at the heart of a number of devices.
34. Electric Motor
An electric motor, is a
machine which converts
electrical energy into
mechanical (rotational or
kinetic) energy.
A current is passed
through a loop which is
immersed in a magnetic
field. A force exists on
the top leg of the loop
which pulls the loop out
of the paper, while a
force on the bottom leg
of the loop pushes the The net effect of these forces is
loop into the paper. to rotate the loop.
35. Electromagnet (Magnetism from Electricity)
An electromagnet is simply a coil of wires which, when a
current is passed through, generate a magnetic field, as
below.
36. Magnetic Properties of Matter
In other words….materials which produce
magnetic fields with no apparent circulation of
charge.
All substances - solid, gas, and liquid - react to
the presence of a magnetic field on some level.
Remember why?
How much they react causes them to be put into
several material “types”.
37. Magnet - isms
Ferromagnetism - When a ferromagnetic material is
placed near a magnet, it will be attracted toward the region of
greater magnetic field. This is what we are most familiar with when
our magnet picks up a bunch of paperclips. Iron, cobalt, nickel,
gadolinium, dysprosium and alloys containing these elements exhibit
ferromagnetism because of the way the electron spins within one
atom interact with those of nearby atoms. They will align
themselves, creating magnetic domains forming a permanent magnet.
If a piece of iron is placed within a strong magnetic field, the
domains in line with the field will grow in size as the domains
perpendicular to the field will shrink in size.
38. Making a Magnet from a Ferromagnetic Material
• domains in which the magnetic
fields of individual atoms align
• orientation of the magnetic
fields of the domains is random
• no net magnetic field.
• when an external magnetic
field is applied, the magnetic
fields of the individual domains
line up in the direction of the
external field
• this causes the external
magnetic field to be enhanced
39. A Ferromagnet in the Middle
If we look at a solenoid, but rather than
air, wrap it around a nice iron core. What
happens to the change in flux for a given
current?
Can you see why ferromagnetic materials
are often put in the middle of current-
carrying coils?
40. More Magnet - isms
Diamagnetism - When a diamagnetic material is placed
near a magnet, it will be repelled from the region of greater
magnetic field, just opposite to a ferromagnetic material. It is
exhibited by all common materials, but is very weak. People and
frogs are diamagnetic. Metals such as bismuth, copper, gold,
silver and lead, as well as many nonmetals such as water and most
organic compounds are diamagnetic.
41. More Magnet - isms
Paramagnetism - When a paramagnetic material is
placed near a magnet, it will be attracted to the region of greater
magnetic field, like a ferromagnetic material. The difference is
that the attraction is weak. It is exhibited by materials
containing transition elements, rare earth elements and actinide
elements. Liquid oxygen and aluminum are examples of
paramagnetic materials.