Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) is the generic name for a family of proteins that can form bone de novo, for which they are considered osteoinductive
APPROACHES OF ILIUM, PUBIC SYMPHYSIS & SACROILLIAC JOINTCHAUDHARY ARPAN
THIRD YEAR PG RESIDENT,
M.S. ORTHOPAEDICS
muscles of the thigh, Gluteus medius, Gluteus maximus, Tensor fascia lat, Anterior and posterior Illium approaches for grafting, Anterior approach to the iliac wing and SI joint.
Anterior approach to the iliac wing and SI joint,
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) is the generic name for a family of proteins that can form bone de novo, for which they are considered osteoinductive
APPROACHES OF ILIUM, PUBIC SYMPHYSIS & SACROILLIAC JOINTCHAUDHARY ARPAN
THIRD YEAR PG RESIDENT,
M.S. ORTHOPAEDICS
muscles of the thigh, Gluteus medius, Gluteus maximus, Tensor fascia lat, Anterior and posterior Illium approaches for grafting, Anterior approach to the iliac wing and SI joint.
Anterior approach to the iliac wing and SI joint,
Dedicated to my late professor safeer khalil whose guidance lives in our minds.professor late lady reading hospital peshawar and hayatabad medical complex peshawar
Dedicated to our late teacher professor dr umar khitab who taught us with full dedication .his legacy lives in the form of his students through out the world
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
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Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
2. Indications
1. When autogenous grafting is desired that requires a
high ratio of cancellous to cortical bone (a high volume
of osteocompetent cells)
2. Hard tissue maxillofacial defects requiring up to 100
mL of uncompressed bone or 5 cm of structural cortical
graft
3. The presence of a bone void unable to be filled with
local tissue‐grafting techniques
4. The need for augmentation of biologic healing
capability (transfer of osteocompetent cells) to fracture
or osteotomy sites
5. The need for additional osseous structural stability
within traumatic or surgical defects
3. Contraindications
1. Local infection at, or adjacent to, the harvest site
2. Relative: The obese population is at increased
risk for postoperative complications
3. Relative: The smoking population is at increased
risk for postoperative complications
4. Relative: Osteoporotic and osteopenic patients
are more likely to sustain intraoperative or
postoperative fracture at the site of harvest. The
procedure should be approached with caution in
this population
4. Anatomy of the Posterior Ilium
• Osseous structure: The
borders of the posterior
ilium are the iliac crest
superiorly, the posterior
superior iliac spine (PSIS)
posteriorly, and the
greater sciatic notch
inferiorly. The bone is
slightly concave on its
lateral surface with three
distinct ridges comprising
the posterior, anterior,
and inferior gluteal lines
6. Anatomy of the Posterior Ilium
Musculature and fascia:
• The outer surface of the ilium serves
as the broad attachment site for the
gluteus minimus (between the
anterior and inferior lines), the
gluteus medius (between the
anterior and posterior lines), and the
gluteus maximus (from the posterior
line to the iliac crest). The gluteus
medius and minimus comprise the
hip abductors and are innervated by
the superior gluteal nerve. The
gluteus maximus functions to extend
and externally rotate the hip and is
innervated by the inferior gluteal
nerve. The medial edge of the
posterior iliac crest is the attachment
site for the lumbodorsal fascia
7. Anatomy of the Posterior Ilium
• Vasculature:
The superior gluteal vessels
arise from the posterior
division of the internal iliac
system and run adjacent to
the cortex in the superior
aspect of the sciatic notch.
They supply the gluteal
musculature and are
located an average of 63
mm anteroinferiorly from
the PSIS and 37 mm inferior
to a line drawn
perpendicular to the
vertical axis at the level of
the PSIS.
8. Anatomy of the Posterior Ilium
Neurologic structures:
• The superior cluneal nerves originate
from the L1–L3 nerve roots and cross
directly over the posterior iliac crest.
The superior cluneal nerves supply
sensory innervation to the superior
two‐thirds of the buttocks and are
located an average of 68 mm
anterosuperiorly from the PSIS.
• The middle cluneal nerves originate
from the S1–S3 nerve roots and
course from the sacral foramen
laterally. The middle cluneal nerves
supply sensory innervation to the
medial buttock. Excessive traction or
laceration to the superior and/or
middle cluneal nerves can lead to
numbness or symptomatic neuromas.
10. Anatomy of the Posterior Ilium
Neurologic structures
• The greater sciatic notch
contains the following
nerves: the sciatic, superior
and inferior gluteal, internal
pudendal, posterior femoral
cutaneous nerves, the nerve
to quadratus femoris, and
the nerve to obturator
interuns. The greater sciatic
notch is located 6–8 cm
inferior to the posterior iliac
crest and must not be
violated during the surgical
approach to the posterior
ilium
11. Posterior Iliac Crest Bone Graft (PICBG)
Harvesting Technique
Posterior Iliac Approach
1. Harvesting from the posterior iliac region can
be performed with the patient positioned
either prone or in the lateral position. For
harvesting in a prone position, the patient is
intubated supine and then positioned prone,
with 210° of reverse hip flexion.
12. Posterior Iliac Crest Bone Graft (PICBG)
Harvesting Technique
• Anatomical landmarks are
palpated and marked, and
include the posterior iliac
crest, the posterior superior
iliac spine (PSIS), the sacral
midline and the site of the
proposed incision .
• Local anesthetic containing
a vasoconstrictor is injected
at the surgical site. The
patient is prepped and
draped in a sterile fashion.
13. Posterior Iliac Crest Bone Graft (PICBG)
Harvesting Technique
• The patient is
positioned prone with
210° of reverse hip
flexion, and anatomical
landmarks are marked
to include the posterior
iliac crest, the posterior
superior iliac spine, and
the site of the proposed
6–8 cm curvilinear or
oblique skin incision.
15. Posterior Iliac Crest Bone Graft (PICBG)
Harvesting Technique
• A 6–8 cm oblique or curvilinear skin
incision originating 3–4 cm lateral to
the midline and 1 cm lateral to the
posterior superior iliac spine is placed
overlying and following the arc of the
palpable bony prominence of the
posterior iliac crest.
• The dissection proceeds through skin
and subcutaneous tissue until the
prominent dorsolumbar (i.e.,
lumbodorsal or thoracolumbar) fascia
is encountered. The dorsolumbar
fascia is transected, and dissection
continues to the posterior iliac crest.
A full‐thickness flap, including the
dorsolumbar fascia, gluteus maximus
muscle, and periosteum, is elevated 1
cm lateral to the PSIS to expose the
outer cortex of the posterior ilium
16. Posterior Iliac Crest Bone Graft (PICBG)
Harvesting Technique
• A full‐thickness flap,
including the
dorsolumbar fascia,
gluteus maximus
muscle, and
periosteum, is elevated
to expose the outer
cortex of the posterior
ilium.
18. Posterior Iliac Crest Bone Graft (PICBG)
Harvesting Technique
• Preserving the continuity of this single, stout
layer will greatly facilitate closure of the
surgical site once the graft is obtained and will
minimize postoperative complications.
Preserving the PSIS and its attachments
(sacroiliac ligaments) will minimize
postoperative pelvic instability and will aid in
maintaining a safe distance from the sacroiliac
joint
19. Posterior Iliac Crest Bone Graft (PICBG)
Harvesting Technique
• Subperiosteal elevation continues lateral to
the PSIS and inferior to the posterior iliac crest
for approximately 4–6 cm, depending on the
size of the graft to be harvested. Care is taken
with inferior reflection of the tissues to
minimize damage to the structures within the
sciatic notch and to the superior gluteal
vessels
20. Corticocancellous (Unicortical)
Harvesting
• After exposure of the grafting–
donor site, the osteotomy design
is contrived . The osteotomy size
is dependent on the amount of
bone required by the recipient
site. The medial aspect of the
osteotomy should originate 1 cm
lateral to the PSIS, should extend
no more than 5 cm inferior to the
iliac crest, and should be directed
perpendicular to the crest–iliac
rim to avoid undermining the
PSIS, to orient the medial
osteotomy distal to the sacroiliac
joint, and to reduce the potential
for a future stress fracture of the
posterior ilium.
21. Corticocancellous (Unicortical)
Harvesting
• The osteotomy is
designed 1 cm lateral
(distal) to the posterior
superior iliac spine and
perpendicular to the
iliac crest–iliac rim to
avoid undermining the
sacroiliac joint.
22. Corticocancellous (Unicortical)
Harvesting
The location of the lateral (distal)
osteotomy is placed 4–6 cm lateral
(distal) to the medial osteotomy. The
inferior osteotomy should extend no
more than 5 cm inferior to the
posterior iliac crest–iliac rim. The
superior osteotomy may be designed
to incorporate the iliac rim or may be
performed just inferior to the iliac
rim (a rim‐sparing osteotomy) . The
deep aspect of the osteotomy should
extend just into the marrow cavity.
The osteotomies may be performed
with combinations of chisels and
saws (i.e., reciprocating and
oscillating).
24. Corticocancellous (Unicortical)
Harvesting
• The outer cortical table of
the posterior ilium may be
harvested in strips or as a
whole, depending on the
reconstruction needs of the
recipient site. The outer
cortical table is elevated
with a combination of a
chisel and a freer. Care is
taken to orient the chisel
away from the sacroiliac
joint and sciatic notch–
superior gluteal vessels to
minimize iatrogenic damage
to these key structures
26. Corticocancellous (Unicortical)
Harvesting
• Once the outer table has
been removed, cancellous
bone may be harvested
from the underlying
marrow space. Care is taken
to not undermine the PSIS
and to avoid penetration of
the inner table. Cancellous
bone is harvested utilizing
large curved and straight
curettes in a two‐handed,
controlled maneuver,
ensuring the inner table is
not violated.
27. Cancellous‐Only Harvesting: The
Trapdoor Technique
• In this technique, the lateral soft tissue
attachments are not stripped from the ilium.
• After exposure of the grafting site, an incision
is made through the lateral rim of the cortex
of the iliac crest using osteotomies. The crest
is reflected medially, ensuring that all medial
and lateral musculature remains intact
28. Cancellous‐Only Harvesting: The
Trapdoor Technique
• Once exposed, cancellous bone can be curetted
through the “trapdoor,” in which three sides of
the rectangular block are cut and hinged opened
on the fourth side. The harvest should only
extend lateral (distal) to the PSIS, and care should
be taken to avoid perforating the inner table of
the ilium.
• Once the cancellous bone harvest is complete,
the trapdoor is closed and gently secured into
place with a bone tamp
29. closure
• After bone harvesting is complete, all exposed cancellous surfaces are
copiously irrigated and covered with bone wax or Gelfoam to obtain
hemostasis at the graft site and to minimize postoperative hematoma
formation.
• Meticulous hemostasis should be obtained as soft tissues are closed.
Drains are not required if wound hemostasis is achieved.
• Any subperiosteally dissected musculature should be repaired to its origin
on the iliac crest utilizing heavy, absorbable sutures (i.e., 0‐0 Vicryl).
• The wound is closed in a layered fashion. The full‐ thickness deep flap
(dorsolumbar fascia, gluteus maximus muscle, and periosteum) is
reapproximated with 2‐0 Vicryl sutures. The subcuticular layer is closed
with a running 3‐0 Monocryl suture. Skin tension is achieved with surgical
skin glue or steri‐strips with an island dressing overlay.
• Judicious infiltration on local anesthetic both super- ficially and deep will
assist in postoperative pain control.
30. Postoperative Management
• Analgesics should be prescribed as necessary. Non-
steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) should be
avoided as their use may slow the bone‐healing
process.
• Up to 24 hours of prophylactic intravenous antibiotics
may be utilized on an individualized basis.
• The patient can begin weight bearing as tolerated
immediately following surgery.
• The wound should remain sterilely dressed for 5 days
prior to showering. Complete submergence of the
wound should be avoided until the wound is sealed
and healed at about 4 weeks postoperatively
31. Complications
• Donor site pain: Reported to occur in 3–40% of individuals
(highly variable). Pain at the graft site will often decrease
with time, but some individuals develop a persistent
low‐grade pain that may last for months to years.
• Superficial infection: The rate of superficial infection is
similar to that of most orthopedic procedures (ranging from
0.5% to 5%). Superficial infections are treated with or
without antibiotics based on the clinical presentation.
• Deep infection: The rate of deep infection is 1–2.5%. Deep
donor site infections are addressed by surgical irrigation
and debridement with antibiotics as indicated based on the
clinical situation.
32. Complications
• Cluneal nerve injury: May occur if dissection is carried too far laterally
from the PSIS (more than 6 cm). If damaged, the patient may experience
numb- ness, dysesthesias, or chronic neuroma pain in the upper
two‐thirds (superior cluneal) or medial aspect (middle cluneal) of the
buttocks.
• Sacroiliac joint disruption: May occur if bone harvesting is undertaken in
close proximity to the joint or if the joint is undermined with inappropriate
osteotomy design. Disruption of this joint will predispose the patient to
sacroiliac joint pain, instability, and early‐ onset arthritis.
• Abductor weakness: Muscle weakness can occur without appropriate
repair of the lateral muscula- ture dissected free from the ilium. This will
result in a patient with a Trendelenburg gait, which is character- ized by a
drop in the contralateral pelvis during the stance phase of the affected
limb. The patient will com- pensate by leaning their body over the affected
side during the stance phase.
33. Complications
• Major vessel injury: The superior gluteal
vessels run against the cortex of the superior
portion of the greater sciatic notch and can be
injured if aggressive retraction, dissection, or
harvest extends into the notch.
• Major nerve injury: The sciatic and superior
gluteal nerves run within the greater sciatic
notch and can be damaged with errant
violation of this space
34. The posterior iliac region
• The posterior iliac region can provide a large
amount of cortical and cancellous bone graft
(up to 100 mL of uncompressed bone)
35. Mandible defect continuity
reconstruction
• The right posterior
mandible continuity
defect is reconstructed
with two, 2.5 cm × 5 cm
cortical struts.
Additional particulate
grafting was performed
along the medial aspect
of the defect.