This document provides an overview of population dynamics and characteristics. It defines key terms like organism, population, population size, density, distribution, birth rate, death rate, carrying capacity, survivorship curves, and factors that affect population growth. Specific examples are given to illustrate population oscillations and environmental resistance. The document also summarizes population trends in the Philippines, noting its steady growth rate and largest regional populations.
The document discusses human population dynamics and provides the following key points:
- The current global population is approximately 6.6 billion and is projected to grow to 9.2 billion by 2050, with much of this growth occurring in India and China.
- There are differing positions on population issues, ranging from concerns about overpopulation and environmental degradation to beliefs that human ingenuity can overcome resource constraints.
- Factors influencing population growth include birth rates, death rates, resource availability, education, urbanization, and government policies. Many countries are now experiencing aging populations with low birth rates.
The document discusses factors that influence population growth, including density dependent and density independent factors. Density dependent factors, like limited resources, act as feedback mechanisms to regulate population size. Their effects increase with population size. Density independent factors, like weather, do not depend on population density. These two types of factors lead to different population growth patterns, including S-curves where growth slows and stabilizes, and J-curves with boom and bust cycles. The human population growth rate has declined as we approach the carrying capacity of Earth.
Here are the key features of this population pyramid:
- It has a very wide base, indicating high birth and fertility rates
- The population decreases rapidly as the age groups increase, showing high mortality rates, especially among males
- The pyramid narrows significantly at older age groups, demonstrating low life expectancy
- The shape is characteristic of a developing country with high birth/death rates and a youthful population
1. A population is a group of organisms of the same species living in the same area at the same time. The size of a population depends on factors like birth rate, death rate, immigration and emigration.
2. Population growth is influenced by birth rate, death rate, environmental resistance, and carrying capacity. When birth rates exceed death rates, the population increases, but environmental factors can cause the population to fluctuate over time.
3. Key factors that affect population size include natality, mortality, survivorship, life tables, and emigration. Population growth patterns follow J-curves or S-curves as the population approaches the carrying capacity of the environment.
The document discusses various topics related to human population growth including:
1. A brief history of human population growth from early hunter-gatherer societies to the rise of agriculture and cities.
2. The demographic transition from high birth/death rates to low birth/death rates as countries develop.
3. Current population growth trends with most growth occurring in developing countries and the potential challenges of overpopulation.
4. Methods to influence population size such as family planning programs, education/empowerment of women, and potential social/economic impacts of population decline or aging populations.
This document provides information about human population dynamics from the IB syllabus topics 3.1.1 through 3.1.4. It includes definitions of terms like crude birth rate, death rate, doubling time, and total fertility rate. It also discusses factors that affect population growth, such as development level and mortality rates. Graphs and charts show population growth trends in developed and developing countries over time. The document compares population structures and growth potentials of countries using age-sex pyramids.
The document discusses key facts and trends related to human population dynamics:
- Current world population is 6.8 billion people and growing at a rate of 1.15% annually.
- Population growth has been exponential in recent centuries, doubling approximately every 61 years at the current growth rate.
- More developed countries consume far more resources per capita than less developed countries, though less developed countries account for most population growth.
- Factors like education, affluence, and women's empowerment impact birth and growth rates in different regions.
This document discusses several topics related to human population dynamics and conservation biology. It begins with introductions to mathematics of population growth, determinants and demographics, world population growth through history, and population growth and the environment. Specific impacts of overconsumption, emissions, pollution, and urbanization are outlined. Consequences of demographic change are then examined, including dependency ratios and demographic dividends. The document also covers demographic convergence, factors influencing human population change, population growth models, and impacts of population growth such as on land use and resource distribution. Key terms related to isolated populations, density-dependent and independent limitations, and conservation biology are defined.
The document discusses human population dynamics and provides the following key points:
- The current global population is approximately 6.6 billion and is projected to grow to 9.2 billion by 2050, with much of this growth occurring in India and China.
- There are differing positions on population issues, ranging from concerns about overpopulation and environmental degradation to beliefs that human ingenuity can overcome resource constraints.
- Factors influencing population growth include birth rates, death rates, resource availability, education, urbanization, and government policies. Many countries are now experiencing aging populations with low birth rates.
The document discusses factors that influence population growth, including density dependent and density independent factors. Density dependent factors, like limited resources, act as feedback mechanisms to regulate population size. Their effects increase with population size. Density independent factors, like weather, do not depend on population density. These two types of factors lead to different population growth patterns, including S-curves where growth slows and stabilizes, and J-curves with boom and bust cycles. The human population growth rate has declined as we approach the carrying capacity of Earth.
Here are the key features of this population pyramid:
- It has a very wide base, indicating high birth and fertility rates
- The population decreases rapidly as the age groups increase, showing high mortality rates, especially among males
- The pyramid narrows significantly at older age groups, demonstrating low life expectancy
- The shape is characteristic of a developing country with high birth/death rates and a youthful population
1. A population is a group of organisms of the same species living in the same area at the same time. The size of a population depends on factors like birth rate, death rate, immigration and emigration.
2. Population growth is influenced by birth rate, death rate, environmental resistance, and carrying capacity. When birth rates exceed death rates, the population increases, but environmental factors can cause the population to fluctuate over time.
3. Key factors that affect population size include natality, mortality, survivorship, life tables, and emigration. Population growth patterns follow J-curves or S-curves as the population approaches the carrying capacity of the environment.
The document discusses various topics related to human population growth including:
1. A brief history of human population growth from early hunter-gatherer societies to the rise of agriculture and cities.
2. The demographic transition from high birth/death rates to low birth/death rates as countries develop.
3. Current population growth trends with most growth occurring in developing countries and the potential challenges of overpopulation.
4. Methods to influence population size such as family planning programs, education/empowerment of women, and potential social/economic impacts of population decline or aging populations.
This document provides information about human population dynamics from the IB syllabus topics 3.1.1 through 3.1.4. It includes definitions of terms like crude birth rate, death rate, doubling time, and total fertility rate. It also discusses factors that affect population growth, such as development level and mortality rates. Graphs and charts show population growth trends in developed and developing countries over time. The document compares population structures and growth potentials of countries using age-sex pyramids.
The document discusses key facts and trends related to human population dynamics:
- Current world population is 6.8 billion people and growing at a rate of 1.15% annually.
- Population growth has been exponential in recent centuries, doubling approximately every 61 years at the current growth rate.
- More developed countries consume far more resources per capita than less developed countries, though less developed countries account for most population growth.
- Factors like education, affluence, and women's empowerment impact birth and growth rates in different regions.
This document discusses several topics related to human population dynamics and conservation biology. It begins with introductions to mathematics of population growth, determinants and demographics, world population growth through history, and population growth and the environment. Specific impacts of overconsumption, emissions, pollution, and urbanization are outlined. Consequences of demographic change are then examined, including dependency ratios and demographic dividends. The document also covers demographic convergence, factors influencing human population change, population growth models, and impacts of population growth such as on land use and resource distribution. Key terms related to isolated populations, density-dependent and independent limitations, and conservation biology are defined.
This is the 10th lesson of the course 'Poverty and Environment ' taught at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
The document discusses human population growth and dynamics. It provides information on key population concepts like crude birth rate, crude death rate, exponential growth, population pyramids, and factors that affect fertility and mortality rates. Population pyramids are presented as a way to visualize age structures and assess population growth patterns. Developing countries typically have youthful population pyramids indicating high growth, while developed countries have top-heavy pyramids with slower or negative growth.
Human population and environment chapter 2Nayan Vaghela
Human population and environment chapter 2, variations in population growth, air borne diseases, HIV/AIDS, television, radio, news paper, internet, computer, cancer
ESS Topic 3 - Human Populations, Carrying Capacity, and Resource UseBrad Kremer
The document discusses exponential population growth and its implications. Rapidly increasing exponential growth could lead to issues like shortage of resources, war, pollution, and increased disease. This growth would be slowed by limiting factors such as shortage of food, disease, pollution, and living space. The document also defines demographic terms like crude birth rate, crude death rate, fertility rate, doubling time, and natural increase rate which are used to calculate and explain population changes.
This document discusses human population growth and its relationship to the environment. It defines key population concepts like population size, density, natality, mortality, doubling time, total fertility rate, and age structure. Rapid population growth can lead to overpopulation, depletion of natural resources, increased waste production, and food and unemployment issues. India faces a population explosion due to high birth rates, early marriage, poverty, illiteracy, cultural norms favoring male children, and illegal migration. The government of India has implemented family welfare programs to promote family planning and reduce birth rates.
Population lesson 1 world population growthMs Geoflake
The world population grew slowly until 1900 but then increased rapidly, reaching 1 billion in 1900, 2.5 billion in 1950, and 7 billion in 2011. Most population growth occurs in developing countries with high birth rates, like India and China. While populations in developed countries are stable or declining, populations in developing countries continue to rise due to historically high birth rates and increasing lifespans. Rapid population growth creates challenges for governments to provide resources and threatens the environment, food security, and political stability.
Population is not static, but rather dynamic and ever-changing. It deals with how and why the number of people and structure of a population changes over time. The world's population has tripled since 1950 and is continuously rising, with 59.5% now living in Asia. The size of a population is affected by factors like birth rate, death rate, and migration. The birth rate refers to the number of live births per 1000 people in an area per year, and if it is above 2 then the population will rise. The death rate refers to the number of deaths per 1000 people in an area per year. Immigration is movement into an area, while emigration is movement out of an area.
The document discusses various topics related to population dynamics, including:
1. Characteristics of populations such as population density, dispersion, growth, and carrying capacity.
2. Factors that influence population growth such as resources, reproductive strategies, and population cycles.
3. Models of human population growth including the demographic transition model.
4. Challenges facing developing countries in slowing population growth.
This document discusses population dynamics, specifically the demographic transition model. It begins by outlining the 5 stages of the demographic transition model: 1) high birth/death rates, 2) high birth rates and declining death rates, 3) declining birth and death rates, 4) low birth/death rates, and 5) declining population. It then provides context on factors that influence population growth such as fertility, mortality, education, economics and policy. The document concludes by presenting the UK as a case study, outlining how it progressed through the 5 stages of the demographic transition from the 1700s to 2000.
This document discusses the causes and effects of rapid population growth and urbanization. It notes that population growth is driven by factors like increased childbirth rates, decreased death rates, early marriage, and illiteracy. This rapid growth leads to problems like food shortages, poor health, lack of education facilities, environmental degradation, and hindered economic progress. Urbanization also causes issues such as depletion of land and water resources, pollution, and the creation of slums. The document recommends adopting family planning programs, providing birth control information and access, and legalizing abortions to help control the fast population growth rate. It describes various birth control techniques like sterilization, oral contraceptives, IUDs, and traditional barriers that
The document discusses various characteristics of populations including size, density, growth, and dispersion. It describes population growth models as exponential or logistic depending on whether resources are unlimited or limited by the environment's carrying capacity. The strategies for population growth are also covered, distinguishing between r-selected and K-selected types that thrive in changing versus stable environments.
Human Population And Environment by Harshal bhatt Harshal Bhatt
Hello Friends,
This ppt contains all the information regarding Environmental Studies and the subject of Human Population And Environment
too.
Here, I have tried to put areas such as
1.Population Growth and Its Variation
2.Causes
3.Effects
I hope this will help you to get all your required information plz like it and share it.
Connect with me on :
Youtube: Harshal Bhatt
Instagram: harshalbhatt_official
Twitter: HarshalBhatt318
Snapchat: harshalbhatt31
The world's human population is now over 7 billion and growing, though the rate of growth is decreasing as fertility rates fall. Currently the global average fertility rate is 2.6 children per woman, just above replacement level. Population growth is causing increased pressure on resources, though impacts vary in different areas. Factors like education, economic conditions, and health care availability affect birth and death rates regionally. While population models can help predict trends, accurately projecting the future is difficult given numerous variable factors.
World population dynamics can be understood by examining population distribution and growth rates over time. Population distribution is influenced by environmental factors and level of development. Places with large populations usually have favorable environments and are more developed, while places with few people often have hostile environments. Population growth is the result of birth rates, death rates, and migration. In the last 200 years, global population has experienced an unprecedented expansion due to improvements in medicine, sanitation and technology that reduced death rates even as birth rates remained high.
The document discusses population growth in the Philippines. It defines key terms like population, population growth rate, birth rate, and death rate. It then provides details on factors influencing the Philippines' population growth like birth rates exceeding death rates and improvements in health care. Problems caused by rapid population growth are also outlined, such as food and water shortages, unemployment, and environmental pollution. Finally, some solutions implemented by the Philippine government to address these issues are mentioned, such as increasing food production and providing public services like education and healthcare.
The world population is currently around 7.7 billion people. Australia's population is around 25 million, with Sydney's population being over 5 million. Every year the global population increases by around 90 million people due to high fertility rates, especially in Africa where 40% of the population is under 15. Africa will experience the greatest population growth by 2050, while countries like Japan and Russia will see declines. Major population trends include rapid urbanization, with over half the world's population now living in urban areas, and the rise of megacities with populations over 10 million.
The document discusses various topics related to population studies including:
1. Definitions of population and population density.
2. Environmental factors like climate, soils, and water supply that influence population distribution and settlement patterns.
3. Overpopulation occurring when population exceeds the carrying capacity of the habitat. Reasons for overpopulation include increased birth rates and decreased mortality rates.
4. Effects of population explosion including overstress of natural resources and increased demand for food, water, and services.
The document defines key population terms and provides context about Pakistan's population. It discusses that Pakistan has a high population growth rate of 1.6% annually and an estimated population of over 170 million as of 2010, making it the 6th most populous country. It also summarizes Pakistan's population policy which aims to reduce growth rates through family planning initiatives, but faces challenges from social and cultural factors. Historical population data is presented showing Pakistan's population has increased over fourfold since 1951.
The document discusses population and its distribution across the world. It begins by introducing key concepts like population density and factors influencing population distribution. It then covers three main topics: 1) The historical development of the world's population from slow growth to rapid increases due to declining mortality rates. 2) The uneven distribution of population globally, with dense areas in services/industry and sparse areas like deserts and rainforests. 3) Natural population movements defined by birth and mortality rates, with developing areas having high birth rates and developed areas having lower rates and increased life expectancy.
The document discusses human population ecology. It begins by describing the mark-recapture method used to estimate population size. It then discusses trends in human population growth, noting that while global population continues to increase, the rate of growth has slowed. Regionally, population growth is concentrated in developing countries. Two examples given are the demographic transitions seen in Sweden as a developed country versus continuing growth in Mexico as a developing country. Projections of future population size and its age/gender structure in South Africa are provided. The document concludes by questioning the earth's carrying capacity to support humans into the future.
This document provides an overview of population ecology, including terminology, patterns of dispersion, population growth, survival patterns, factors influencing population growth, methods for determining population size, human population trends, and social organization. Some key points include:
- Population ecology is the study of populations in relation to their environment. A population is a group of the same species in the same area. Density, dispersion, demography, birth and death rates are important concepts.
- Population growth can follow exponential or logistic patterns. Carrying capacity is the maximum population an environment can sustain. Survival patterns include Type I, II, and III curves.
- Population growth is influenced by density-dependent factors like competition, disease, predation, and
Population ecology studies populations in relation to their environment. Key concepts include population density, dispersion patterns, growth rates, and factors influencing population size like competition and predation. Population size can be estimated using methods like mark-recapture. Human populations have grown exponentially but are slowing, with developing regions still experiencing most growth. Community structures involve interactions between species like competition, predation, herbivory and symbiosis. Ecological succession over time involves communities changing from pioneers to a climax.
This is the 10th lesson of the course 'Poverty and Environment ' taught at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
The document discusses human population growth and dynamics. It provides information on key population concepts like crude birth rate, crude death rate, exponential growth, population pyramids, and factors that affect fertility and mortality rates. Population pyramids are presented as a way to visualize age structures and assess population growth patterns. Developing countries typically have youthful population pyramids indicating high growth, while developed countries have top-heavy pyramids with slower or negative growth.
Human population and environment chapter 2Nayan Vaghela
Human population and environment chapter 2, variations in population growth, air borne diseases, HIV/AIDS, television, radio, news paper, internet, computer, cancer
ESS Topic 3 - Human Populations, Carrying Capacity, and Resource UseBrad Kremer
The document discusses exponential population growth and its implications. Rapidly increasing exponential growth could lead to issues like shortage of resources, war, pollution, and increased disease. This growth would be slowed by limiting factors such as shortage of food, disease, pollution, and living space. The document also defines demographic terms like crude birth rate, crude death rate, fertility rate, doubling time, and natural increase rate which are used to calculate and explain population changes.
This document discusses human population growth and its relationship to the environment. It defines key population concepts like population size, density, natality, mortality, doubling time, total fertility rate, and age structure. Rapid population growth can lead to overpopulation, depletion of natural resources, increased waste production, and food and unemployment issues. India faces a population explosion due to high birth rates, early marriage, poverty, illiteracy, cultural norms favoring male children, and illegal migration. The government of India has implemented family welfare programs to promote family planning and reduce birth rates.
Population lesson 1 world population growthMs Geoflake
The world population grew slowly until 1900 but then increased rapidly, reaching 1 billion in 1900, 2.5 billion in 1950, and 7 billion in 2011. Most population growth occurs in developing countries with high birth rates, like India and China. While populations in developed countries are stable or declining, populations in developing countries continue to rise due to historically high birth rates and increasing lifespans. Rapid population growth creates challenges for governments to provide resources and threatens the environment, food security, and political stability.
Population is not static, but rather dynamic and ever-changing. It deals with how and why the number of people and structure of a population changes over time. The world's population has tripled since 1950 and is continuously rising, with 59.5% now living in Asia. The size of a population is affected by factors like birth rate, death rate, and migration. The birth rate refers to the number of live births per 1000 people in an area per year, and if it is above 2 then the population will rise. The death rate refers to the number of deaths per 1000 people in an area per year. Immigration is movement into an area, while emigration is movement out of an area.
The document discusses various topics related to population dynamics, including:
1. Characteristics of populations such as population density, dispersion, growth, and carrying capacity.
2. Factors that influence population growth such as resources, reproductive strategies, and population cycles.
3. Models of human population growth including the demographic transition model.
4. Challenges facing developing countries in slowing population growth.
This document discusses population dynamics, specifically the demographic transition model. It begins by outlining the 5 stages of the demographic transition model: 1) high birth/death rates, 2) high birth rates and declining death rates, 3) declining birth and death rates, 4) low birth/death rates, and 5) declining population. It then provides context on factors that influence population growth such as fertility, mortality, education, economics and policy. The document concludes by presenting the UK as a case study, outlining how it progressed through the 5 stages of the demographic transition from the 1700s to 2000.
This document discusses the causes and effects of rapid population growth and urbanization. It notes that population growth is driven by factors like increased childbirth rates, decreased death rates, early marriage, and illiteracy. This rapid growth leads to problems like food shortages, poor health, lack of education facilities, environmental degradation, and hindered economic progress. Urbanization also causes issues such as depletion of land and water resources, pollution, and the creation of slums. The document recommends adopting family planning programs, providing birth control information and access, and legalizing abortions to help control the fast population growth rate. It describes various birth control techniques like sterilization, oral contraceptives, IUDs, and traditional barriers that
The document discusses various characteristics of populations including size, density, growth, and dispersion. It describes population growth models as exponential or logistic depending on whether resources are unlimited or limited by the environment's carrying capacity. The strategies for population growth are also covered, distinguishing between r-selected and K-selected types that thrive in changing versus stable environments.
Human Population And Environment by Harshal bhatt Harshal Bhatt
Hello Friends,
This ppt contains all the information regarding Environmental Studies and the subject of Human Population And Environment
too.
Here, I have tried to put areas such as
1.Population Growth and Its Variation
2.Causes
3.Effects
I hope this will help you to get all your required information plz like it and share it.
Connect with me on :
Youtube: Harshal Bhatt
Instagram: harshalbhatt_official
Twitter: HarshalBhatt318
Snapchat: harshalbhatt31
The world's human population is now over 7 billion and growing, though the rate of growth is decreasing as fertility rates fall. Currently the global average fertility rate is 2.6 children per woman, just above replacement level. Population growth is causing increased pressure on resources, though impacts vary in different areas. Factors like education, economic conditions, and health care availability affect birth and death rates regionally. While population models can help predict trends, accurately projecting the future is difficult given numerous variable factors.
World population dynamics can be understood by examining population distribution and growth rates over time. Population distribution is influenced by environmental factors and level of development. Places with large populations usually have favorable environments and are more developed, while places with few people often have hostile environments. Population growth is the result of birth rates, death rates, and migration. In the last 200 years, global population has experienced an unprecedented expansion due to improvements in medicine, sanitation and technology that reduced death rates even as birth rates remained high.
The document discusses population growth in the Philippines. It defines key terms like population, population growth rate, birth rate, and death rate. It then provides details on factors influencing the Philippines' population growth like birth rates exceeding death rates and improvements in health care. Problems caused by rapid population growth are also outlined, such as food and water shortages, unemployment, and environmental pollution. Finally, some solutions implemented by the Philippine government to address these issues are mentioned, such as increasing food production and providing public services like education and healthcare.
The world population is currently around 7.7 billion people. Australia's population is around 25 million, with Sydney's population being over 5 million. Every year the global population increases by around 90 million people due to high fertility rates, especially in Africa where 40% of the population is under 15. Africa will experience the greatest population growth by 2050, while countries like Japan and Russia will see declines. Major population trends include rapid urbanization, with over half the world's population now living in urban areas, and the rise of megacities with populations over 10 million.
The document discusses various topics related to population studies including:
1. Definitions of population and population density.
2. Environmental factors like climate, soils, and water supply that influence population distribution and settlement patterns.
3. Overpopulation occurring when population exceeds the carrying capacity of the habitat. Reasons for overpopulation include increased birth rates and decreased mortality rates.
4. Effects of population explosion including overstress of natural resources and increased demand for food, water, and services.
The document defines key population terms and provides context about Pakistan's population. It discusses that Pakistan has a high population growth rate of 1.6% annually and an estimated population of over 170 million as of 2010, making it the 6th most populous country. It also summarizes Pakistan's population policy which aims to reduce growth rates through family planning initiatives, but faces challenges from social and cultural factors. Historical population data is presented showing Pakistan's population has increased over fourfold since 1951.
The document discusses population and its distribution across the world. It begins by introducing key concepts like population density and factors influencing population distribution. It then covers three main topics: 1) The historical development of the world's population from slow growth to rapid increases due to declining mortality rates. 2) The uneven distribution of population globally, with dense areas in services/industry and sparse areas like deserts and rainforests. 3) Natural population movements defined by birth and mortality rates, with developing areas having high birth rates and developed areas having lower rates and increased life expectancy.
The document discusses human population ecology. It begins by describing the mark-recapture method used to estimate population size. It then discusses trends in human population growth, noting that while global population continues to increase, the rate of growth has slowed. Regionally, population growth is concentrated in developing countries. Two examples given are the demographic transitions seen in Sweden as a developed country versus continuing growth in Mexico as a developing country. Projections of future population size and its age/gender structure in South Africa are provided. The document concludes by questioning the earth's carrying capacity to support humans into the future.
This document provides an overview of population ecology, including terminology, patterns of dispersion, population growth, survival patterns, factors influencing population growth, methods for determining population size, human population trends, and social organization. Some key points include:
- Population ecology is the study of populations in relation to their environment. A population is a group of the same species in the same area. Density, dispersion, demography, birth and death rates are important concepts.
- Population growth can follow exponential or logistic patterns. Carrying capacity is the maximum population an environment can sustain. Survival patterns include Type I, II, and III curves.
- Population growth is influenced by density-dependent factors like competition, disease, predation, and
Population ecology studies populations in relation to their environment. Key concepts include population density, dispersion patterns, growth rates, and factors influencing population size like competition and predation. Population size can be estimated using methods like mark-recapture. Human populations have grown exponentially but are slowing, with developing regions still experiencing most growth. Community structures involve interactions between species like competition, predation, herbivory and symbiosis. Ecological succession over time involves communities changing from pioneers to a climax.
The document discusses key topics in population ecology, including characteristics of populations such as population density, growth rate, age structure, survivorship curves, and limiting factors. It describes different patterns of population growth, such as exponential and logistic growth, and how populations are regulated by carrying capacity. Reproductive strategies of r-selected and K-selected species are compared. The document also provides highlights from the 2015 Philippines Population Census, including population size, growth rates by region, and demographic trends.
The document discusses population and demography. It defines a population as a group of individuals of the same species that live together in a region. It then provides data on current world population, including milestones in population growth and the most populous countries. It also discusses population density, birth rates, death rates, and other population characteristics that are used to study and compare populations.
This document discusses key concepts in population ecology, including the five characteristics of a population: geographic distribution, density, dispersion, growth rate, and age structure. It provides examples and explanations of each characteristic. Geographic distribution describes the area inhabited by a population. Density is the number of individuals per unit area. Dispersion describes the spatial distribution of individuals as either clumped, even, or random. Growth rate measures changes in population size over time. Age structure diagrams show population breakdown by age and sex.
HUMAN POPULATION - MooreLIVING WITH THE EARTHHUMAN .docxsheronlewthwaite
This document outlines the key objectives and concepts covered in a chapter on human population. It discusses population attributes like birth and death rates. It defines concepts like biotic potential, environmental resistance, and population growth forms like r-strategy and K-strategy populations. Several figures are included that depict population growth curves, age distributions in different regions, and doubling times in various countries. The document also examines historical population trends and projections, showing how global population has increased steadily over time from 2 million in 2 BC to over 6 billion in 2000.
The document discusses human population growth and its environmental impacts. It notes that the world population grew from 300 billion in AD 1 to over 6 billion in 2000 and is projected to reach over 9 billion by 2050. This rapid growth is called a population explosion. The explosion is driven by decreased mortality rates due to improvements in food production, public health, and medicine. Effects of the explosion include overstressing natural resources, increased pollution, food shortages, and unemployment. Air and water pollution increase as industries and vehicles grow to serve larger populations, which also leads to deforestation for new lands. Managing this explosion will be a major challenge going forward.
This document provides information on demography and population studies. It defines key terms like population, demography, fertility, mortality, and migration. Demography is summarized as the scientific study of human populations, including their size, composition, and distribution over time. It examines population changes through demographic processes like fertility, mortality, migration, marriage, and social mobility. Methods for measuring these processes are also outlined, such as crude birth/death rates.
Populations grow through births but their growth is limited by environmental factors like resources and space. Populations can experience exponential growth initially but eventually reach carrying capacity, where growth stabilizes. Human populations have grown rapidly due to improved living conditions and medicine, doubling approximately every 40-50 years, but resource limits may slow growth in the future.
POPULATION ECOLOGY
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BASIC DEFINITIONS
POPULATION is a group of individuals belonging to the SAME SPECIES living and interacting together in a given area.
COMMUNITY is a group of DIFFERENT populations living and interacting together in a given area.
ECOSYSTEM is a group of DIFFERENT communities living and interacting together in a given area.
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POPULATION ECOLOGISTS STUDY
1. DEMOGRAPHICS (vital statistics
BIOTIC POTENTIAL
3. ENVIRONMENTAL RESISTANCE
AGE STRUCTURE
GROWTH CURVES
SURVIVORSHIP
7. PATTERNS OF DISTRIBUTION
*
DEMOGRAPHICS
Thus populations grow with births and immigration They shrink with deaths and emigration.
Change in population = (Births + Immigration) – (Deaths + Emigration)
Vital statistics studied by demographers include:BirthsDeathsImmigration (individuals entering a population from a another related one)Emigration (individuals leaving a population for a another related
one)
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BIOTIC POTENTIALBIOTIC POTENTIAL is the maximum number of offspring a female of the species can produce in her lifetime under optimum (ideal) conditions.Offspring = births, eggs, seeds, sporesBiotic potential is NEVER realized in nature due to ENVIRONMENTAL RESISTANCE
An example: If we say that a human female becomes capable of reproducing at 13 and finishes menopause by 53, that gives her a 40 year reproductive life. If she has a child every 9 months, then her biotic potential is 53.3 children. How many women do you know that has produced 53.3 children?
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ENVIRONMENTAL RESISTANCEENVIRONMENTAL RESISTANCE prevents a species from reaching its biotic potential by controlling growth of a population
Environmental resistance works through LIMITING FACTORS that can be either biotic or abiotic which limit a population’s increase
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LIMITING FACTORS
1) DENSITY-DEPENDENT LIMITING FACTORS begin to limit population size (density) after a critical size has been exceeded. They tend to increases with increasing population density.
The critical size referred to above is CARRYING CAPACITY. Carrying capacity is the total number of individuals an environment can support indefinitely. Any population that exceeds carrying capacity will be reduced to a size below carrying capacity by density-dependent limiting factors.
These are biotic (biological) factors such as predators, parasites, diseases, competitors, lack of food, etc., and tend to aid in maintaining population size equilibrium.
2) DENSITY-INDEPENDENT LIMITING FACTORS limit the growth of populations regardless of their size (density).
These are abiotic (physical or environmental) factors such as fire, light availability, drought, storms, natural disasters, etc., parasites, competitors, lack of food, etc., these are not involved in maintaining population equilibrium.
*
TOTAL FERTILITY RATE (TFR)
A more reasonable measure of reproductive ability of females is TOTAL FERTILITY RATE
TOTAL FERTILITY RATE is the number of offspring an AVERAGE female of the.
Population ecology is the study of how population numbers change over time and the factors influencing those changes. Key factors influencing population growth include birth and death rates, carrying capacity, and density dependence. Exponential growth leads to rapid increases at low densities while logistic growth levels off as density approaches the environment's carrying capacity due to competition for limited resources. Population regulation involves both density-dependent factors like competition, disease, and predation as well as density-independent environmental factors.
It is as per the syllabus of M.Sc. NRM including detailed study of population ecology
It describes the meaning of population with respect to ecology and includes population attributes, dynamics, dispersal, Population growth models, survivorship curves and limitations.
It also entails factors that influence and regulate population growth on the basis of density.
This document discusses human population and patterns of population growth. It provides population statistics showing that as of 2022, the world population is approximately 8 billion people with the majority living in Asia and Africa. It describes two patterns of population growth: exponential growth, where a population grows rapidly under ideal conditions, and logistic growth, where growth slows and levels off due to density-dependent limiting factors like lack of resources or buildup of waste as the population size increases.
A population is a group of individuals of the same species that live together in a region. Population ecology studies populations and their interactions with the environment. Populations have characteristics like density, birth rate, death rate, and distribution that can be measured and compared. [END SUMMARY]
This document discusses population growth. It defines population as a group of individuals of the same species living in an area at a given time. Population density is the number of individuals per unit area or volume. The global population has grown rapidly over the past 100 years from 1 billion to over 6 billion currently due to decreasing death rates and increasing birth rates. Rapid population growth can cause problems like increasing demands on resources, loss of agricultural land, unemployment, and environmental pollution. Methods to control population growth include policies limiting family size, sterilization, abortion, and family planning.
The document discusses several topics related to population biology and human population growth, including:
1) Factors that influence population growth such as birth rates, death rates, and environmental limits. Populations exhibit either rapid exponential growth or slow steady growth depending on these factors.
2) Techniques scientists use to estimate population sizes such as sampling and mark-recapture when it is difficult to count all individuals.
3) Human population growth has increased rapidly over the past 150 years from 1 billion to over 7 billion currently due to declining death rates from improvements in health, education, and sanitation.
Learning targets: This presentation will help you understand:
(1) The scope of human population growth
(2) The effect of population, affluence and technology on the environment
(3) Fundamentals of demography
(4) The demographic transition model
(5) Factors that affect population growth
(6) Three Technological Eras
(7) Basic Concepts of Population Growth
(8) Factors Affecting Human Population Size
(9) Factors Affecting Birth Rates and Total Fertility Rates
(10) Population Movements
(11) Population Trend Comparisons
(12) Human Population Issues
Introduction organisms and populations class 12
Ecology is the scientific study of the interactions among organisms and their environment, encompassing a diverse array of living and non-living components. In the context of Class 12 Biology, the study of ecology specifically delves into the intricate relationships between organisms and populations. This branch of biology seeks to unravel the dynamics of life at both individual and collective levels, exploring how organisms adapt to their surroundings and influence one another in the grand tapestry of ecosystems. By investigating topics such as population ecology, community dynamics, and the delicate balance of ecosystems, students gain insights into the mechanisms governing life on Earth. Understanding these ecological principles is fundamental not only to appreciating the complexities of the natural world but also to addressing contemporary challenges related to biodiversity conservation, environmental sustainability, and the impact of human activities on ecosystems. Through the lens of ecology, students in Class 12 embark on a journey to comprehend the interconnected web of life and the factors shaping the diversity, distribution, and interactions of organisms and populations in their ever-changing environments.
For more information, visit. www.vavaclasses.com
This document provides an overview of key concepts in population ecology. It discusses population characteristics like density, natality, mortality, dispersal, growth curves, fluctuation, distribution, age pyramids, and equilibrium. It describes population density, natality rates, types of mortality, dispersal through emigration, immigration and migration. Growth curves can follow a J-curve or S-curve pattern. Populations can fluctuate cyclically. Distribution can be random, uniform, or clumped. Age pyramids reflect the age structure of a population.
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2. LESSON 1
ORGANISM AND POPULATION
▪Organism
▪ Is a single, living individual, either plant or
animal.
▪Population
▪ Is a collective group of organisms of the
same species living in the same place at the
same time.
3. LESSON 1
ORGANISM AND POPULATION
▪ CHARACTERISTICSOF POPULATION
1. Size – pertains to the number of individuals in a population.
▪ The size of a population can be stated as:
Example:
▪ Kind – Homo Sapiens – May 1, 2000 – 76,504,077 – Philippines
▪ The recorded population of people in the Philippines according to
National Statistics Office on May 1, 2000 is 76,504,077.
Kind –What species –Time –What date/month/year
Place –Where located – Number – How many
4. LESSON 1
ORGANISM AND POPULATION
▪ FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO THE SIZE
OF POPULATION:
▪ Natality – the number of species that are born
▪ Mortality – the number of species that die
▪ Immigration – the number of species that
entered the land
▪ Migration – the number of species that leave
the land
5. LESSON 1
ORGANISM AND POPULATION
▪CHARACTERISTICS OF POPULATION
2. Density – is the number of individual
per unit in space. The population density
increases when the factors are favorable
to the population and decreases when
they are unfavorable.
3. Distribution – the arrangement of the
individuals of a population with a
particular space.
6. LESSON 1
ORGANISM AND POPULATION
▪ THREE PATTERNS OF DISTRIBUTION
1. Random Distribution
There is no specific order in random
distribution, the organism spreads
throughout the area without an overall
pattern.
7. LESSON 1
ORGANISM AND POPULATION
▪ THREE PATTERNS OF DISTRIBUTION
2. Uniform Distribution
The organism are evenly distributed over
an area.
8. LESSON 1
ORGANISM AND POPULATION
▪ THREE PATTERNS OF DISTRIBUTION
3. Clumped Distribution
The organism are concentrated in one
area.
9. LESSON 2
DYANAMICS OF POPULATION GROWTH
▪ Populations have a birth rate, death rate and growth rate.
▪ Birth Rate - the number of young produced per unit of population
per unit of time.
▪ Death Rate - the number of deaths per unit of time.
▪ The major agent of population growth is births.
▪ The major agent of population loss is deaths.
▪ 𝐵𝑖𝑟𝑡ℎ > 𝐷𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠 = 𝑃𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑠
▪ 𝐷𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠 > 𝐵𝑖𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑠 = 𝑃𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐷𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑠
▪ Zero Population Growth – when birth is equals to death in
a given population.
10. LESSON 2
DYANAMICS OF POPULATION GROWTH
▪BIOTIC POTENTIAL
▪The biotic potential of an organism is
the number of offspring that could
theoretically exists if all offspring
survived and produced young.
11. LESSON 2
DYANAMICS OF POPULATION GROWTH
▪CARRYING CAPACITY
▪The number of individuals in a
particular population that the
environment can support over an
indefinite periods of time in terms of
food, space, and shelter.
12. LESSON 2
DYANAMICS OF POPULATION GROWTH
▪POPULATION OSCILLATIONS
AND INTERRUPTIVE GROWTH
▪Crash or Dieback – the growth curve
becomes negative rather than
positive, and the population
decreases as fast, or faster, than it
grew.
13. LESSON 2
DYANAMICS OF POPULATION GROWTH
▪POPULATION OSCILLATIONS
AND INTERRUPTIVE GROWTH
▪Overshoot – the extent to which a
population exceeds capacity of its
environment .
14. LESSON 2
DYANAMICS OF POPULATION GROWTH
▪POPULATION OSCILLATIONS
AND INTERRUPTIVE GROWTH
▪Irruptive or Malthisian Growth –
named after Thomas Malthus, who
concluded that human populations
tend to grow until they exhaust their
resources and become subject to
famine, disease or war.
15. LESSON 2
DYANAMICS OF POPULATION GROWTH
PopulationSize
Time
POPULATION OSCILLATION
Die Back
Carrying
Capacity of the
Environment
Overshoot
16. LESSON 2
DYANAMICS OF POPULATION GROWTH
▪ENVIRONMENTAL RESISTANCE
▪Is the collection of factors that
reduce the growth rate of a
population.
▪The result of an increase in
mortality and decrease in natality.
18. LESSON 2
DYANAMICS OF POPULATION GROWTH
▪J Curve
Represents the growth without restraint.
▪S Curve (Sigmoidal Curve)
Represents the logistic growth.
▪The area between the curve is the
cumulative effects of environmental
resistance.
19. LESSON 3
FACTORS AFFECTING POPULATION SIZE
▪Natality
Is the production of new individuals by
birth, hatching, germination and cloning
and it is the main of addition to most
biological populations.
20. LESSON 3
FACTORS AFFECTING POPULATION SIZE
▪Fecundity
Is the physical ability to reproduce while
fertility is a measure of the actual number
of offspring produced.
21. LESSON 3
FACTORS AFFECTING POPULATION SIZE
▪Mortality (Death Rate)
Is determined by dividing the number of
organisms that die in a certain time period
by the number alive at the beginning of the
period.
22. LESSON 3
FACTORS AFFECTING POPULATION SIZE
▪Survivorship
The death schedule of the organisms taken
as a sample for study.
23. LESSON 3
FACTORS AFFECTING POPULATION SIZE
▪DEWEY’S 3TYPES OF SURVIVORSHIP CURVES
1. Type I (Convex)
When an individual tend to live out their
physical life span and when there is a high
degree of survival throughout life followed by
heavy morality at the end of the species life
span.
Typical to human and other mammals and
some plants.
24. LESSON 3
FACTORS AFFECTING POPULATION SIZE
▪DEWEY’S 3TYPES OF SURVIVORSHIP CURVES
2. Type II (Linear)
If mortality are constant at all stages.
Is common characteristics of the adult stages of
birds, rodents, reptiles and perennial plans.
25. LESSON 3
FACTORS AFFECTING POPULATION SIZE
▪DEWEY’S 3TYPES OF SURVIVORSHIP CURVES
2. Type III (Concave)
If mortality is extremely high in early life as an
oyster, fish, many vertebrates and some plants.
26. LESSON 3
FACTORS AFFECTING POPULATION SIZE
Type I Population
- There is high survivorship until
some age and high mortality
Type II Population
- Shows a fairly constant death
rate at all ages
Type III Population
-There is low survivorship early
in life
27. LESSON 3
FACTORS AFFECTING POPULATION SIZE
▪LifeTable
Is created to summarize the age specific
pattern of birth and death of a particular
population in a particular environment.
▪Cohort or Dynamic LifeTable
It records the fate of a group of individual,
all born in a single period of time, from birth
to death.
28. LESSON 3
FACTORS AFFECTING POPULATION SIZE
Age Interval (Days) Survivorship
(number of
surviving at start of
interval)
Number Dying
During Interval
Death Rate per
Individual During
Interval
*Birth Rate*
(number of seeds
produced per
individual) During
Interval
0-63 996 328 0.329 0
66-124 668 373 0.558 0
124-184 295 105 0.356 0
184-215 190 104 0.074 0
215-264 176 4 0.023 0
264-278 172 5 0.029 0
278-292 167 8 0.048 0
292-306 159 5 0.031 0.33
306-320 154 7 0.045 3.13
320-334 147 42 0.286 5.42
334-348 105 83 0.790 9.26
362 0 0 0 0
Total 996
Life table for a
Cohort of Annual
Plants (Phillox
Drummondill)
29. LESSON 3
FACTORS AFFECTING POPULATION SIZE
▪Emigration
Is the movement of numbers out of a
population,
Is the second major factor that reduces
population size.
30. LESSON 4
FACTORSTHAT REGULATE POPULATION GROWTH
▪DENSITY DEPENDENT FACTORS
▪ Density-dependent mechanism tend to
reduce population size by decreasing
natality or increasing mortality as the
population size increases.
31. LESSON 4
FACTORSTHAT REGULATE POPULATION GROWTH
▪ he An African fish eagle flies off
from the surface of a river, clutching a
catfish. These birds of prey are usually
found in pairs, perched in trees and
scanning the water for fish and
sometimes for the eggs of young
water birds and reptiles, or other
small animals. Its rich brown and
black wings, white head and bib and
yellow beak can be seen clearly.
32. LESSON 4
FACTORSTHAT REGULATE POPULATION GROWTH
▪DENSITY INDEPENDENT FACTORS
In general, the factors that affect natality
and mortality independently of population
density tend to be abiotic components of
the ecosystem.
Often weather or climate are among the
most important of these factors.
33. LESSON 4
FACTORSTHAT REGULATE POPULATION GROWTH
▪DENSITY INDEPENDENT FACTORS
Example: The decline in the population in
Ormoc City caused by deforestation, floods,
volcanic activities can destroy the entire
population. By building damps, breakwater,
resorts and expansions city, we can change
many habitats. Human beings have
exterminated the whole population of many
organism.
34. LESSON 5
PHILIPPINE POPULATION
▪The population of the Philippines
has been steadily growing for many
years. In 2014, it is the 12th most
populated country in the world.
35. LESSON 5
PHILIPPINE POPULATION
▪ The 2010 Census of Population and
Housing Reveals the Philippine
Population at 92.34 Million
▪ Reference Number:
▪ 2012-027
▪ Release Date:
▪ Wednesday,April 4, 2012
36. LESSON 5
PHILIPPINE POPULATION
▪ The country's population increased by
15.83 million
▪ The total population of the Philippines as
of May 1, 2010 is 92,337,852 based on the
2010 Census of Population and Housing.
The census counts up to the barangay
level were made official with the signing
by President Benigno S. Aquino III of
Proclamation No. 362 on March 30, 2012.
37. LESSON 5
PHILIPPINE POPULATION
▪ The 2010 population is higher by 15.83
million compared to the 2000 population of
76.51 million. In 1990, the total population
was 60.70 million.
CensusYear
Census
Reference Date
Philippine Population
(in million)
2010 May 1, 2010 92.34
2000 May 1, 2000 76.51
1990 May 1, 1990 60.70
38. LESSON 5
PHILIPPINE POPULATION
▪ Population grew by 1.90 percent annually
▪ The Philippine population increased at the rate of 1.90 percent annually, on the
average, during the period 2000-2010.This means that there were two persons
added per year for every 100 persons in the population.
Reference Period
Average Annual Growth Rate
for the Philippines
(in percent)
2000-2010 1.90
1990-2000 2.34
39. LESSON 5
PHILIPPINE POPULATION
▪ CALABARZON, NCR, and Central Luzon
comprise more than one-third of the total
population
▪ Among the 17 regions, CALABARZON (Region
IVA) had the largest population with 12.61 million,
followed by the National Capital Region (NCR)
with 11.86 million and Central Luzon (Region III)
with 10.14 million. The population of these three
regions together comprised more than one-third
(37.47 percent) of the Philippine population.
40. LESSON 5
PHILIPPINE POPULATION
▪ Cavite topped in population size
▪ Among the provinces, Cavite had the largest population with 3.09 million.
Bulacan had the second largest with 2.92 million and Pangasinan had the
third largest with 2.78 million.
▪ Six other provinces surpassed the two million mark: Laguna (2.67 million);
Cebu, excluding its three highly urbanized cities Cebu City, Lapu-Lapu
City, and Mandaue City (2.62 million); Rizal (2.48 million); Negros
Occidental, excluding Bacolod City (2.40 million); Batangas (2.38 million)
and Pampanga, excluding Angeles City (2.01 million).
▪ The provinces with a population of less than 100,000 persons were
Batanes (16,604), Camiguin (83,807), and Siquijor (91,066).
41. LESSON 5
PHILIPPINE POPULATION
Largest City orTowns of Philippines
(Philippine Statistics Office 2010 Census March 30, 2012)
1. Quezon City - 2,761,720
2. Manila - 1,652,171
3. Caloocan - 1,489,040
4. Davao City - 1,449,296
5. Cebu City - 866,171
42. LESSON 5
PHILIPPINE POPULATION
▪ REASONS WHY FILIPINO HAVE AN IMMENSE
GROWTH OF POPULATION
1. Tradition of Having Big Families
2. Questions of Gender
3. The Male Macho Image
4. Unsatisfactory/Ineffective Family Relationships
5. Economic Reasons
6. Contraceptive Methods
7. Educational Background
43. LESSON 5
PHILIPPINE POPULATION
▪ PROBLEMS ON POPULATION GROWTH IN THE
PHILIPPINES
1. Environmental Problems
2. Social Problem
3. Economic Problem
4. Educational Problem
5. Health Problem
6. Spiritual and Moral Problems
7. Food Supply
8. Problems on Destruction of Nature
44. SUPPLEMENTARY READING
Giant Clam (Tridacna Gigas)
The largest and heaviest mollusc
in the world.
Quite large at 4 feet 6 inches and
quite heavy at 200-500 kilos. Their shells
may reach up to 1.5 meters in length.
Once fully grown, Giant Clams cannot
completely close their shells anymore.
These large creatures occupy coral reef
habitats, typically within 20 meters if the
surface. They are stationary or unable to
move from their position in the coral reef.
They are found in shallow waters of the
Pacific Ocean, from Thailand and Japan to
Australia and Micronesia.