The document defines key population terms and provides context about Pakistan's population. It discusses that Pakistan has a high population growth rate of 1.6% annually and an estimated population of over 170 million as of 2010, making it the 6th most populous country. It also summarizes Pakistan's population policy which aims to reduce growth rates through family planning initiatives, but faces challenges from social and cultural factors. Historical population data is presented showing Pakistan's population has increased over fourfold since 1951.

1. Population
Definition 1:
A population is all the organisms that both belong to the same species and live in the
same geographical area.[1]
In sociology, a collection of human beings. Statistical study of human populations occurs
within the discipline of demography. [1]
Definition 2:
The people living within a political or geographical boundary; The people living in a
single place; A collection of organisms of a particular species, sharing a particular
characteristic of interest, most often that of living in a given area. [2]
Definition 3:
A group of organisms of the same species inhabiting a given area; "they hired hunters to
keep down the deer population" [3]
Definition 4:
A group of individuals or items that share one or more characteristics from which data
can be gathered and analyzed. [4]
Definition 5:
The whole number of people, or inhabitants, in a country, or portion of a country; as, a
population of ten millions. [5]
Population density
Definition 1:
Population density (in agriculture standing stock and standing crop) is a measurement of
population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and
particularly to humans. It is a key geographic term. [6]

2. Human population density
For humans, population density is the number of people per unit of area usually per
square kilometer or mile (which may include or exclude cultivated or potentially
productive area). Commonly this may be calculated for a county, city, country, another
territory, or the entire world. [6]
Definition 2:
The average number of people who live on each square mile (or kilometer) of land. [7]
Definition 3:
The concentration of people within a specific portion of a defined area. [8]
Definition 4:
The total number of individuals of a species per unit area. Using density instead of total
number gives a basis for comparison between numbers in different places or from time to
time in the same place. [9]
Definition 5:
The total number of people living in a defined area such as a community, district, capital
city, country, region, or square kilometer or square mile. [10]

3. Population growth
Definition 1:
Population growth is the change in a population over time, and can be quantified as the
change in the number of individuals of any species in a population using "per unit time"
for measurement. In biology, the term population growth is likely to refer to any known
organism, but this article deals mostly with the application of the term to human
populations in demography. [11]
Definition 2:
Population growth is the increase in the number of members of a population over a given
time. A typical time frame for calculating growth is yearly. In the United States, the
census tracks population growth over a 10-year span. [12]
Definition 3:
Population growth is the main driving force of adverse impacts on the environment.
Increase in the number of people in an area leads to higher pressures on the environment.
More people need more space, require more energy, water, and natural resources, which
inevitably leads to higher pressure on land, air, water, and natural resources. They also
produce more waste, which again has an impact on land, waters, and air. Rising economy
and industry also contribute to generating more pressure on the environment. [13]
Definition 4:
The increase in a population that occurs when the birth rate is higher than the death rate,
or when immigration exceeds emigration, or when a combination of these factors is
present. A growth curve, obtained by plotting population size against time, is typically S-
shaped (sigmoid) or J-shaped (see graph). A sigmoid growth curve shows an initial phase
of exponential growth. [14]
Definition 5:
Increase in the number of people who inhabit a territory or state [15]

4. Pakistan's estimated population in 2010 is over 170 million [1] making it the world's sixth
most-populous country, behind Brazil and ahead of Russia. During 1950-2008, Pakistan's
urban population expanded over sevenfold, while the total population increased by over
fourfold. In the past, the country's population had a relatively high growth rate that has,
however, been moderated by declining fertility and birth rates. The population growth
rate now stands at 1.6%[2]
Pakistan’s population policy
• Family planning was introduced in Pakistan in 1953, and it became part of the
government’s health service in the 1960s, although funding has been inconsistent.
The government perceives the population growth rate to be too high and aims to
pursue policies to reduce the growth rate. The government is also concerned with
mortality levels, especially those of infants and children under five and women of
childbearing age.
• Factors related to high fertility rates in Pakistan include high illiteracy and low
educational attainment, low status of women, high mortality, conservatism,
fatalism, and religious conservatism. These factors combine to limit the
effectiveness of family planning services.
• Social attitudes are a serious impediment to the use of contraception in Pakistan.
In 1991 only a quarter of Pakistani women could go unaccompanied to a clinic
because of purdah, or the practice of female seclusion. Poor communication
between spouses adds to the problem: in families with three children, more than
50 percent of the women want no more children. While non-governmental
organizations have run some family planning programs, they suffered from lack
of funds since the U.S. discontinued aid to Pakistan in 1993. [3]
Population History
In 1951 Pakistan had a population of 34 million. The population growth rate now stands
at 1.6%.The majority of southern Pakistan's population live along the Indus River. By
population size, Karachi is the largest city of Pakistan. In the northern half, most of the
population live in an arc formed by the cities of Lahore, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi,
Islamabad, Gujranwala, Sialkot, Gujrat, Jhelum, Sargodha and Sheikhupura[4]

5. Historical populations
In early 1994, the population of Pakistan was estimated to be
Census Population Urban
126 million, making it the ninth most populous country in the
world. Its land area, however, ranks thirty-second among
nations. Thus Pakistan has about 2 percent of the world's
population living on less than 0.7 percent of the world's land. 1951 33,816,000 17.80%
The population growth rate is among the world's highest,
officially estimated at 3.1 percent per year, but privately
1961 42,978,000 22.46%
thought to be closer to 3.3 percent per year by many planners
involved in population programs. Pakistan's population is
expected to reach 150 million by 2000 and to account for 4 1972 65,321,000 25.40%
percent of the world's population growth between 1994 and
2004. [5] 1981 84,254,000 28.28%
1998 130,580,000 32.51%
Population and growth [6]
2008 172,800,000 32.34%
• Population: 172,800,000 (July 2008 best estimation)
• Growth rate: 2.2% (2008 estimation)
• Birth rate: 31 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)
• Death rate: 8 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
• Net migration rate: -1.0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Pakistanis around the world [7]
Saudi Arabia 1,500,000
United Kingdom 1,400,000
United Arab Emirates 700,000 – 1,000,000
United States 600,410 – 1,000,000
Canada 350,000
Kuwait 100,000
Oman 85,000
Germany 52,668
Qatar 52,500
France 50,000
Norway 35,000

6. Pakistan’s yearly population:[8]
Year Population Absolute Increase Percentage Increase
1950 39,448,232
1951 40,382,206 933,974 2.37
1952 41,346,560 964,354 2.39
1953 42,342,412 995,852 2.41
1954 43,372,063 1,029,651 2.43
1955 44,434,445 1,062,382 2.45
1956 45,535,711 1,101,266 2.48
1957 46,679,944 1,144,233 2.51
1958 47,868,932 1,188,988 2.55
1959 49,104,112 1,235,180 2.58
1960 50,386,898 1,282,786 2.61
1961 51,718,581 1,331,683 2.64
1962 53,100,671 1,382,090 2.67
1963 54,524,471 1,423,800 2.68
1964 55,988,385 1,463,914 2.68
1965 57,494,940 1,506,555 2.69
1966 59,046,203 1,551,263 2.70
1967 60,641,899 1,595,696 2.70
1968 62,282,496 1,640,597 2.71
1969 63,969,987 1,687,491 2.71
1970 65,705,964 1,735,977 2.71
1971 67,491,369 1,785,405 2.72
1972 69,325,921 1,834,552 2.72
1973 71,121,085 1,795,164 2.59
1974 72,911,780 1,790,695 2.52
1975 74,711,541 1,799,761 2.47
1976 76,456,121 1,744,580 2.34
1977 78,152,686 1,696,565 2.22
1978 80,051,300 1,898,614 2.43
1979 82,374,302 2,323,002 2.90
1980 85,219,117 2,844,815 3.45
Year Population Absolute Increase Percentage Increase
1981 88,417,079 3,197,962 3.75
1982 91,465,209 3,048,130 3.45
1983 94,154,723 2,689,514 2.94
1984 96,501,806 2,347,083 2.49
1985 99,076,266 2,574,460 2.67
1986 102,065,710 2,989,444 3.02

7. 1987 105,208,431 3,142,721 3.08
1988 108,407,786 3,199,355 3.04
1989 111,528,381 3,120,595 2.88
1990 114,606,690 3,078,309 2.76
1991 117,684,292 3,077,602 2.69
1992 120,098,197 2,413,905 2.05
1993 122,523,650 2,425,453 2.02
1994 125,531,448 3,007,798 2.45
1995 128,733,657 3,202,209 2.55
1996 132,194,115 3,460,458 2.69
1997 135,616,310 3,422,195 2.59
1998 139,062,987 3,446,677 2.54
1999 142,520,124 3,457,137 2.49
2000 146,404,914 3,884,790 2.73
2001 150,399,566 3,994,652 2.73
2002 153,470,779 3,071,213 2.04
2003 156,196,488 2,725,709 1.78
2004 159,266,367 3,069,879 1.97
2005 162,490,385 3,224,018 2.02
2006 165,873,928 3,383,543 2.08
2007 169,340,538 3,466,610 2.09
2008 172,800,051 3,459,513 2.04
2009 174,579,000 1,778,949 1.60
Population According to Religions [9]
Pakistan is the second-most populous Muslim-majority country and also has the second-
largest Shi'a population in the world. About 97% of the Pakistanis are Muslim. The
majority are Sunni, with an estimated 5-20% Shi'a, 2.3% are Ahmadis
Religious population In Pakistan [10]
• Muslims: 175,376,000 (Sunnis are the majority while Shi'as are minority who
make up 5-20%
• Hindus: 3,200,000 (approx. 1.6%
• Christians: 2,800,000 (approx. 1.6%
• Buddhists: 20,000
• Sikhs: 20,000
• Zoroastrian/Parsis: 5,000
• Others (included Animists, Atheists, Jews, etc.): unknown

8. Population According to Ethnic groups [10]
About 98% of languages spoken in Pakistan are Indo-Iranian (sub-branches: 75% Indo-
Aryan and 20% pure Iranian), a branch of Indo-European family of languages. Most
languages of Pakistan are written in the Perso-Arabic script, with significant vocabulary
derived from Arabic and Persian. Punjabi (Shahmukhi), Seraiki, Sindhi, Pashto, Urdu,
Balochi, Kashmiri (Koshur), etc. are the general languages spoken within Pakistan. The
majority of Pakistanis belong to various Indo-Aryan-speaking ethnic groups, while a
large minority are various Iranic peoples and Dardic language groups. In addition, small
groups language isolates such as Burusho and Brahui-speaking peoples also live in the
country. The major ethnic groups of Pakistan in numerical size include: Punjabis,
Pashtuns, Sindhis, Seraikis, Muhajirs, Balochis, Hindkowans, Chitralis and other smaller
groups.
The population comprises several main ethnic groups (20090 [11]
1. Punjabis (44.15%) 78.7 million
2. Pashtuns (15.42%) 27.2 million
3. Sindhis (14.1%) 24.8 million
4. Seraikis (10.53%) 14.8 million
5. Muhajirs (7.57%) 13.3 million
6. Balochs is (3.57%) 6.3 million
7. Others (4.66%) 11.1 million

9. Population according to cities [12]
Cities by population (2010 estimate)
Rank City Location Population Rank City Location Population
1 Karachi Sindh 13,205,339 11 Sargodha Punjab 600,501
2 Lahore Punjab 7,129,609 12 Bahawalpur Punjab 543,929
3 Faisalabad Punjab 2,880,675 13 Sialkot Punjab 510,863
4 Rawalpindi Punjab 1,991,656 14 Sukkur Sindh 493,438
5 Multan Punjab 1,606,481 15 Larkana Sindh 456,544
6 Hyderabad Sindh 1,578,367 16 Sheikhupura Punjab 426,980 Karachi, Sindh
7 Gujranwala Punjab 1,569,090 17 Jhang Punjab 372,645
Rahim Yar
8 Peshawar KP 1,439,205 18 Punjab 353,112
Khan
9 Quetta Balochistan 896,090 19 Mardan KP 352,135
Capital
10 Islamabad 689,249 20 Gujrat Punjab 336,727
Territory
Lahore, Punjab

10. Age structure [13]
• 0–14 years: 42% (male 33,293,428; female 31,434,314)
• 15–64 years: 54.9% (male 48,214,298; female 46,062,933)
• 65 years and over: 4.1% (male 3,256,065; female 3,542,522) (2006 est.)
• 0–14 years: 36.7% (male 33,037,943/female 31,092,572)
• 15–64 years: 59.1% (male 53,658,173/female 49,500,786)
• 65 years and over: 4.2% (male 3,495,350/female 3,793,734) (2009 est.)
Gender ratios [13]
• Sex ratio at birth: 1.00 male(s)/female
• Under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
• 15–64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
• 65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female
• total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
Literacy [14]
Definition: aged 10 and over and can read and write
• Total population: 57%
• Male: 69%
• Female: 45% (2009 est.)

11. References
Definition
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population#Notes
2. en.wiktionary.org/wiki/population
3. wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
4. http://www.investorwords.com/3738/population.html#ixzz16bVC94bK
5. http://thinkexist.com/dictionary/meaning/population/
6. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_density
7. en.wiktionary.org/wiki/population_density
8. www.newberry.org/K12maps/glossary/index.html
9. www.science.org.au/nova/001/001glo.htm
10. erc.msh.org/mainpage.cfm
11. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_growth_rate
12. http://www.ehow.com/about_5079635_definition-population-growth.html
13. http://web.ceu.hu/envsci/soe/problems/popudef.htm
14. http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1O6-populationgrowth.html
15. http://www.audioenglish.net/dictionary/population_growth.htm
Population situation of Pakistan
1. http://www.statpak.gov.pk/depts/pco/
2. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2002.html
3. http://www.oppapers.com/essays/Population-Policy-Pakistan/104380
4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan#Demographics
5. http://www.photius.com/countries/pakistan/society/pakistan_society_populati
on.html
6. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Pakistan#cite_note-cia.gov-5
7. http://www.opf.org.pk/opd/yearbk/YEARBK.pdf
8. http://www.census.gov/cgi-bin/ipc/idbsprd
9. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan#Demographics
10. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Pakistan#cite_note-cia.gov-5
11. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Pakistan
12. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan#Demographics
13. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Pakistan#cite_note-cia.gov-5
14. http://finance.gov.pk/survey/chapter_10/10_Education.pdf