Poly house farming involves growing crops under covered structures made of plastic sheeting to regulate temperature and moisture. This reduces pest infestation and increases crop yields compared to regular fields, though startup costs are higher. Precision farming uses technology to test soil properties and apply only needed irrigation and weed control based on soil composition. Hydroponics grows plants in nutrient solutions without soil, while aeroponics sprays nutrients directly onto exposed roots growing in air.
This science exhibition presentation summarizes the negative effects of chemical pesticides on the environment. It discusses how pesticides can contaminate air, water, and soil through drift, runoff, and leaching. This pollution impacts ecosystems and public health. Pesticides also reduce biodiversity in soil, harm pollinators, and can cause pests to develop resistance over time. The presentation advocates for alternative pest control methods like integrated pest management that are more environmentally friendly.
Urbanization and industrialization have contributed to water pollution in India through pesticide runoff and heavy metal contamination. Untreated sewage is also a major source of water pollution as it increases biological oxygen demand and nutrient loading when released into water bodies. Certain religious practices also pollute rivers, as statues immersed during festivals contain chemicals and dead bodies released into rivers introduce bacteria. However, Rajender Sigh has worked to clean rivers for over three decades to help address water pollution issues in India caused by various sources.
“It is impossible to have a healthy and sound society without a proper respect for the soil.”
― Peter Maurin
This ppt right here- tells you about different type of pesticides and other dangerous chemical stuff.
You would be imagining what the 3rd slide has to do with soil pollution???
ANS-It shows that in 2013-14 India produced 95.9 million tons of wheat which is equal to 35000 of the given pools!!
The next few slides tell you about the industrial waste and waste management.
Some slides even consists of facts about Green Chemistry!
The ppt is not in detail as i had to explain the ppt in class.
environmental issue are the major problem in our India and it is our major responsibility to identify all environmental issue and try to overcome it and make our country a sustainable, clean and green country .
The document discusses forest fires, their causes and effects. It notes that forest fires are most commonly caused by environmental factors like lightning or dry conditions, as well as human factors such as shifting cultivation, grazing or intentional fires. Forest fires can have significant negative impacts such as loss of timber and biodiversity, reduced forest cover, soil erosion, and negative health and economic effects on surrounding communities. A case study describes the 1871 Peshtigo Fire in Wisconsin, which destroyed over 1 million acres and caused between 1,200-2,500 deaths, making it one of the worst forest fire disasters in American history.
Natural resources can be classified based on their exhaustibility. Resources include perpetual resources like sun and wind, renewable resources like forests and plants, and non-renewable resources like fossil fuels. Deforestation has many causes like agriculture, logging, and construction. It has negative effects such as increased flooding, soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, and climate change. Social forestry programs aim to supply rural communities with forest products and improve the environment.
Poly house farming involves growing crops under covered structures made of plastic sheeting to regulate temperature and moisture. This reduces pest infestation and increases crop yields compared to regular fields, though startup costs are higher. Precision farming uses technology to test soil properties and apply only needed irrigation and weed control based on soil composition. Hydroponics grows plants in nutrient solutions without soil, while aeroponics sprays nutrients directly onto exposed roots growing in air.
This science exhibition presentation summarizes the negative effects of chemical pesticides on the environment. It discusses how pesticides can contaminate air, water, and soil through drift, runoff, and leaching. This pollution impacts ecosystems and public health. Pesticides also reduce biodiversity in soil, harm pollinators, and can cause pests to develop resistance over time. The presentation advocates for alternative pest control methods like integrated pest management that are more environmentally friendly.
Urbanization and industrialization have contributed to water pollution in India through pesticide runoff and heavy metal contamination. Untreated sewage is also a major source of water pollution as it increases biological oxygen demand and nutrient loading when released into water bodies. Certain religious practices also pollute rivers, as statues immersed during festivals contain chemicals and dead bodies released into rivers introduce bacteria. However, Rajender Sigh has worked to clean rivers for over three decades to help address water pollution issues in India caused by various sources.
“It is impossible to have a healthy and sound society without a proper respect for the soil.”
― Peter Maurin
This ppt right here- tells you about different type of pesticides and other dangerous chemical stuff.
You would be imagining what the 3rd slide has to do with soil pollution???
ANS-It shows that in 2013-14 India produced 95.9 million tons of wheat which is equal to 35000 of the given pools!!
The next few slides tell you about the industrial waste and waste management.
Some slides even consists of facts about Green Chemistry!
The ppt is not in detail as i had to explain the ppt in class.
environmental issue are the major problem in our India and it is our major responsibility to identify all environmental issue and try to overcome it and make our country a sustainable, clean and green country .
The document discusses forest fires, their causes and effects. It notes that forest fires are most commonly caused by environmental factors like lightning or dry conditions, as well as human factors such as shifting cultivation, grazing or intentional fires. Forest fires can have significant negative impacts such as loss of timber and biodiversity, reduced forest cover, soil erosion, and negative health and economic effects on surrounding communities. A case study describes the 1871 Peshtigo Fire in Wisconsin, which destroyed over 1 million acres and caused between 1,200-2,500 deaths, making it one of the worst forest fire disasters in American history.
Natural resources can be classified based on their exhaustibility. Resources include perpetual resources like sun and wind, renewable resources like forests and plants, and non-renewable resources like fossil fuels. Deforestation has many causes like agriculture, logging, and construction. It has negative effects such as increased flooding, soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, and climate change. Social forestry programs aim to supply rural communities with forest products and improve the environment.
The document discusses human population growth and its environmental impacts. It notes that the world population grew from 300 billion in AD 1 to over 6 billion in 2000 and is projected to reach over 9 billion by 2050. This rapid growth is called a population explosion. The explosion is driven by decreased mortality rates due to improvements in food production, public health, and medicine. Effects of the explosion include overstressing natural resources, increased pollution, food shortages, and unemployment. Air and water pollution increase as industries and vehicles grow to serve larger populations, which also leads to deforestation for new lands. Managing this explosion will be a major challenge going forward.
Noise pollution, also known as environmental noise or sound pollution, is the propagation of noise with ranging impacts on the activity of human or animal life, most of them harmful to a degree. The source of outdoor noise worldwide is mainly caused by machines, transport, and propagation systems.
No, according to projections from the United Nations, India is not expected to overtake China's population until 2027. The document provided demographic data and projections showing that:
- As of 2020, India's population was estimated to be 1.326 billion while China's was estimated to be 1.439 billion
- India is projected to overtake China as the world's most populous nation by 2030, not 2021 as the question suggests.
So in summary, while India's population is growing rapidly and will likely surpass China in the coming years, the United Nations projections cited in the document do not indicate India will reach a higher population than China until 2027, not by 2021 as stated in the question.
This document provides an overview of wildlife and protected area management topics covered in the PWM 703 course. It includes 7 units that cover introductions to biodiversity concepts and status, policies and legislation, wildlife and habitat management, monitoring biodiversity, and protected area planning and management. The document was compiled by Namrata Khatri and Abiral Acharya for their Masters in Forestry program at IOF, TU in Nepal.
1) Natural resources include substances like land, water, air, plants and animals that are valuable in their natural form. Natural resource management aims to manage these resources in a sustainable way that benefits both current and future generations.
2) There are different approaches to natural resource management depending on who owns and controls the resources, such as private, common, state or non-property regimes.
3) Forests, wildlife, soil and water are some of India's important natural resources. Their conservation involves reducing exploitation, preserving habitats, afforestation programs, and setting up protected areas. Stakeholder participation is key to sustainable natural resource management.
Status and strategies for wetland management in Bangladesh- Arifuzzaman arifMd. Arifuzzaman Arif
Wetlands cover about 50% of Bangladesh's landmass but recent estimates show they make up around 11% of the total area. Wetlands are important for ecological functions like water purification, flood control, and providing habitat. However, wetlands face threats from degradation, overharvesting, and mismanagement. The government of Bangladesh has taken several initiatives to protect wetlands, including forming a Ministry of Environment and Forest, joining the Ramsar Convention, and implementing community-based management projects. Successful strategies involve mapping wetlands, protecting critical areas, addressing issues through participatory planning, promoting conservation and development, and passing supporting legislation.
Human Population Explosion in India
The document discusses India's population explosion, noting that India's total population exceeded 1 billion according to the 2001 census. It also notes that 157 million were children under age 6. The population explosion is caused by increasing birth rates and decreasing death rates. This overpopulation creates environmental problems like deforestation, pollution, shortage of resources, and increases unemployment and illiteracy. Measures to control the population include family planning programs and increasing access to contraception.
Presentation on growing population of indiaBharateche15
Every nook & corner of India is clear display of growing population.Weather you are in a airport,railway station,metro station,shopping moll ,temple,church or even some social or cultural places you will the place is overcrowded at any time of day .this is clear representation of overpopulation.
India is second largest populated country after china.
its population at the rate of 1.9 crore per year which is almost equal to the population of Australia and little more than population of japan.
it has the population almost 20 crore greater than population of whole Africa continent.
it can grow population equal to Pakistan in 10 years......
The document discusses various topics related to soil erosion, conservation, and degradation. It begins by listing some names and then covers causes of soil erosion like wind and water. Impacts of erosion include loss of fertility and water pollution. Methods to reduce erosion include conservation tillage, terracing, contour planting, cover crops, and windbreaks. Soil restoration techniques involve organic fertilizers, composting, and crop rotation. The document also addresses desertification, salinization, threats to soil like finite arable land, and the importance of soil conservation.
Pesticides are substances used to control pests in agriculture, forestry, and residential settings. The main types are insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides. Pesticides allow for increased food production but can also harm non-target species and contaminate water and food if not applied properly. After application, pesticides can move in the environment through runoff, volatilization, leaching, and degradation, potentially impacting other plants and animals if not contained in the application area. Proper application and adherence to product labels is necessary to maximize pest control and minimize environmental and health risks.
This document discusses afforestation and its importance. Some key points include:
- Afforestation involves planting trees or sowing seeds in barren land to create forests, and helps restore plants and animals while some planted trees have medicinal properties.
- Afforestation provides benefits like proper rain, reduced global warming, preventing soil erosion, and adding beauty to nature.
- India has high forest cover among top 10 forested countries and is home to much plant biodiversity, flowering plants, and forest types.
- Trees combat issues like the greenhouse effect, conserve energy, prevent water pollution, and protect children from UV rays while also preventing landslides.
CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES - PPTRishabh Kanth
This document discusses natural resources and the need for conservation. It notes that natural resources are being depleted faster than they can be replenished. If consumption continues unchecked, key resources like water, oil, and forests will be depleted in the coming decades, leading to shortages and ecological harm. The document advocates for sustainable practices and population control to conserve resources for future generations.
Population density and distribution are influenced by various environmental factors. Mountains provide more suitable living conditions than low-lying plains due to cooler temperatures at higher altitudes. As a result, many large cities have developed in mountainous areas.
Solutions for controlling population growth include increasing access to education, family planning services, and raising the status of women. Providing employment opportunities, especially for women, and improving standards of living can encourage smaller family sizes. Legislative actions around marriage age, child labor, and reproductive health can also help slow rapid population growth.
The Human Development Index is a statistic used to rank countries based on indicators of life expectancy, education, and income levels. Countries score higher on human development when citizens can expect
Environmental Studies ppt for EST,
Ch. No. 6 Social Issues and Environment,
By Prof. Kokare A.Y.
Lecturer at Babasaheb phadtare polytechnic, Kalamb-Walchandnagar.
forest resource management and development strategyzebrhe gebrehiwet
This document reviews forest resource conservation and development strategies in Ethiopia. It finds that Ethiopia's forest coverage has rapidly declined from 40% in 1900 to less than 3% currently due to deforestation, degradation, and lack of effective protection policies. While some literature suggests coverage increased to 9% by 2000, this claim is unverified. The document calls for more action and implementation of conservation strategies, rather than just discussing challenges in documents. It emphasizes the need for clear definitions, cross-sector collaboration, community participation, and long-term commitment to successfully protect and restore Ethiopia's remaining forests.
Presentation on Sound Pollution / Noise Pollution
Definition of Sound
Definition of Noise
Definition of Sound Pollution / Noise Pollution
Causes of Sound Pollution / Noise Pollution
Effects of Sound Pollution / Noise Pollution on Human Body
Effects of Sound Pollution / Noise Pollution on Wildlife Animals
How to Prevent and Reduce Sound Pollution / Noise Pollution
This document discusses environmental management. It defines environment and environmental management, explaining that environmental management focuses on solving practical problems humans face in relation to nature, resource exploitation, and waste production. It notes the key challenges of pollution, climate change, biodiversity loss, and unsustainable agriculture and aims to understand our impact and find balanced solutions. The document also outlines the scope, approaches, and guiding principles of environmental management, including the polluter pays principle. Its goal is to help humans understand our relationship with the environment to inform efforts to address and prevent problems.
Urbanization is affected by several factors including population growth, rural to urban migration, and the reclassification of areas. This document discusses many challenges of urbanization such as environmental problems, overpopulation, demand for resources, food production issues, and various types of pollution including air, water, and solid waste pollution. The document also examines issues around access to water resources, water quantity needs, and industrial water usage. Models for controlling urbanization focus on managing population growth, improving resource management, and developing sustainable cities.
Waste management is the collection, transport, processing, recycling or disposal, and
monitoring of waste materials.
[1]
The term usually relates to materials produced by human
activity, and is generally undertaken to reduce their effect on health, the environment or
aesthetics. Waste management is also carried out to recover resources from it. Waste
management can involve solid, liquid, gaseous or radioactive substances, with different methods
and fields of expertise for each.
Development involves modernization through economic growth and improving social well-being. Environmental degradation occurs when human resource use exceeds natural replenishment, reducing ecosystem services. Urbanization and industrialization can degrade the environment through land transformation. The World Conservation Strategy and UNEP raised awareness of sustainable development. The Brundtland Commission's 1987 report defined sustainable development as meeting present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs.
This document discusses key concepts in population ecology, including the five characteristics of a population: geographic distribution, density, dispersion, growth rate, and age structure. It provides examples and explanations of each characteristic. Geographic distribution describes the area inhabited by a population. Density is the number of individuals per unit area. Dispersion describes the spatial distribution of individuals as either clumped, even, or random. Growth rate measures changes in population size over time. Age structure diagrams show population breakdown by age and sex.
The document discusses human population growth and its environmental impacts. It notes that the world population grew from 300 billion in AD 1 to over 6 billion in 2000 and is projected to reach over 9 billion by 2050. This rapid growth is called a population explosion. The explosion is driven by decreased mortality rates due to improvements in food production, public health, and medicine. Effects of the explosion include overstressing natural resources, increased pollution, food shortages, and unemployment. Air and water pollution increase as industries and vehicles grow to serve larger populations, which also leads to deforestation for new lands. Managing this explosion will be a major challenge going forward.
Noise pollution, also known as environmental noise or sound pollution, is the propagation of noise with ranging impacts on the activity of human or animal life, most of them harmful to a degree. The source of outdoor noise worldwide is mainly caused by machines, transport, and propagation systems.
No, according to projections from the United Nations, India is not expected to overtake China's population until 2027. The document provided demographic data and projections showing that:
- As of 2020, India's population was estimated to be 1.326 billion while China's was estimated to be 1.439 billion
- India is projected to overtake China as the world's most populous nation by 2030, not 2021 as the question suggests.
So in summary, while India's population is growing rapidly and will likely surpass China in the coming years, the United Nations projections cited in the document do not indicate India will reach a higher population than China until 2027, not by 2021 as stated in the question.
This document provides an overview of wildlife and protected area management topics covered in the PWM 703 course. It includes 7 units that cover introductions to biodiversity concepts and status, policies and legislation, wildlife and habitat management, monitoring biodiversity, and protected area planning and management. The document was compiled by Namrata Khatri and Abiral Acharya for their Masters in Forestry program at IOF, TU in Nepal.
1) Natural resources include substances like land, water, air, plants and animals that are valuable in their natural form. Natural resource management aims to manage these resources in a sustainable way that benefits both current and future generations.
2) There are different approaches to natural resource management depending on who owns and controls the resources, such as private, common, state or non-property regimes.
3) Forests, wildlife, soil and water are some of India's important natural resources. Their conservation involves reducing exploitation, preserving habitats, afforestation programs, and setting up protected areas. Stakeholder participation is key to sustainable natural resource management.
Status and strategies for wetland management in Bangladesh- Arifuzzaman arifMd. Arifuzzaman Arif
Wetlands cover about 50% of Bangladesh's landmass but recent estimates show they make up around 11% of the total area. Wetlands are important for ecological functions like water purification, flood control, and providing habitat. However, wetlands face threats from degradation, overharvesting, and mismanagement. The government of Bangladesh has taken several initiatives to protect wetlands, including forming a Ministry of Environment and Forest, joining the Ramsar Convention, and implementing community-based management projects. Successful strategies involve mapping wetlands, protecting critical areas, addressing issues through participatory planning, promoting conservation and development, and passing supporting legislation.
Human Population Explosion in India
The document discusses India's population explosion, noting that India's total population exceeded 1 billion according to the 2001 census. It also notes that 157 million were children under age 6. The population explosion is caused by increasing birth rates and decreasing death rates. This overpopulation creates environmental problems like deforestation, pollution, shortage of resources, and increases unemployment and illiteracy. Measures to control the population include family planning programs and increasing access to contraception.
Presentation on growing population of indiaBharateche15
Every nook & corner of India is clear display of growing population.Weather you are in a airport,railway station,metro station,shopping moll ,temple,church or even some social or cultural places you will the place is overcrowded at any time of day .this is clear representation of overpopulation.
India is second largest populated country after china.
its population at the rate of 1.9 crore per year which is almost equal to the population of Australia and little more than population of japan.
it has the population almost 20 crore greater than population of whole Africa continent.
it can grow population equal to Pakistan in 10 years......
The document discusses various topics related to soil erosion, conservation, and degradation. It begins by listing some names and then covers causes of soil erosion like wind and water. Impacts of erosion include loss of fertility and water pollution. Methods to reduce erosion include conservation tillage, terracing, contour planting, cover crops, and windbreaks. Soil restoration techniques involve organic fertilizers, composting, and crop rotation. The document also addresses desertification, salinization, threats to soil like finite arable land, and the importance of soil conservation.
Pesticides are substances used to control pests in agriculture, forestry, and residential settings. The main types are insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides. Pesticides allow for increased food production but can also harm non-target species and contaminate water and food if not applied properly. After application, pesticides can move in the environment through runoff, volatilization, leaching, and degradation, potentially impacting other plants and animals if not contained in the application area. Proper application and adherence to product labels is necessary to maximize pest control and minimize environmental and health risks.
This document discusses afforestation and its importance. Some key points include:
- Afforestation involves planting trees or sowing seeds in barren land to create forests, and helps restore plants and animals while some planted trees have medicinal properties.
- Afforestation provides benefits like proper rain, reduced global warming, preventing soil erosion, and adding beauty to nature.
- India has high forest cover among top 10 forested countries and is home to much plant biodiversity, flowering plants, and forest types.
- Trees combat issues like the greenhouse effect, conserve energy, prevent water pollution, and protect children from UV rays while also preventing landslides.
CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES - PPTRishabh Kanth
This document discusses natural resources and the need for conservation. It notes that natural resources are being depleted faster than they can be replenished. If consumption continues unchecked, key resources like water, oil, and forests will be depleted in the coming decades, leading to shortages and ecological harm. The document advocates for sustainable practices and population control to conserve resources for future generations.
Population density and distribution are influenced by various environmental factors. Mountains provide more suitable living conditions than low-lying plains due to cooler temperatures at higher altitudes. As a result, many large cities have developed in mountainous areas.
Solutions for controlling population growth include increasing access to education, family planning services, and raising the status of women. Providing employment opportunities, especially for women, and improving standards of living can encourage smaller family sizes. Legislative actions around marriage age, child labor, and reproductive health can also help slow rapid population growth.
The Human Development Index is a statistic used to rank countries based on indicators of life expectancy, education, and income levels. Countries score higher on human development when citizens can expect
Environmental Studies ppt for EST,
Ch. No. 6 Social Issues and Environment,
By Prof. Kokare A.Y.
Lecturer at Babasaheb phadtare polytechnic, Kalamb-Walchandnagar.
forest resource management and development strategyzebrhe gebrehiwet
This document reviews forest resource conservation and development strategies in Ethiopia. It finds that Ethiopia's forest coverage has rapidly declined from 40% in 1900 to less than 3% currently due to deforestation, degradation, and lack of effective protection policies. While some literature suggests coverage increased to 9% by 2000, this claim is unverified. The document calls for more action and implementation of conservation strategies, rather than just discussing challenges in documents. It emphasizes the need for clear definitions, cross-sector collaboration, community participation, and long-term commitment to successfully protect and restore Ethiopia's remaining forests.
Presentation on Sound Pollution / Noise Pollution
Definition of Sound
Definition of Noise
Definition of Sound Pollution / Noise Pollution
Causes of Sound Pollution / Noise Pollution
Effects of Sound Pollution / Noise Pollution on Human Body
Effects of Sound Pollution / Noise Pollution on Wildlife Animals
How to Prevent and Reduce Sound Pollution / Noise Pollution
This document discusses environmental management. It defines environment and environmental management, explaining that environmental management focuses on solving practical problems humans face in relation to nature, resource exploitation, and waste production. It notes the key challenges of pollution, climate change, biodiversity loss, and unsustainable agriculture and aims to understand our impact and find balanced solutions. The document also outlines the scope, approaches, and guiding principles of environmental management, including the polluter pays principle. Its goal is to help humans understand our relationship with the environment to inform efforts to address and prevent problems.
Urbanization is affected by several factors including population growth, rural to urban migration, and the reclassification of areas. This document discusses many challenges of urbanization such as environmental problems, overpopulation, demand for resources, food production issues, and various types of pollution including air, water, and solid waste pollution. The document also examines issues around access to water resources, water quantity needs, and industrial water usage. Models for controlling urbanization focus on managing population growth, improving resource management, and developing sustainable cities.
Waste management is the collection, transport, processing, recycling or disposal, and
monitoring of waste materials.
[1]
The term usually relates to materials produced by human
activity, and is generally undertaken to reduce their effect on health, the environment or
aesthetics. Waste management is also carried out to recover resources from it. Waste
management can involve solid, liquid, gaseous or radioactive substances, with different methods
and fields of expertise for each.
Development involves modernization through economic growth and improving social well-being. Environmental degradation occurs when human resource use exceeds natural replenishment, reducing ecosystem services. Urbanization and industrialization can degrade the environment through land transformation. The World Conservation Strategy and UNEP raised awareness of sustainable development. The Brundtland Commission's 1987 report defined sustainable development as meeting present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs.
This document discusses key concepts in population ecology, including the five characteristics of a population: geographic distribution, density, dispersion, growth rate, and age structure. It provides examples and explanations of each characteristic. Geographic distribution describes the area inhabited by a population. Density is the number of individuals per unit area. Dispersion describes the spatial distribution of individuals as either clumped, even, or random. Growth rate measures changes in population size over time. Age structure diagrams show population breakdown by age and sex.
The document discusses how human population growth has changed over time, from small hunter-gatherer groups to exponential growth following the agricultural revolution. It explains that population size was historically limited by environmental factors like food/water availability but grew steadily once agriculture provided a more reliable food source. The industrial revolution further reduced mortality through innovations in areas like medicine, sanitation and food production, removing limitations and allowing for rapid population increase.
This document discusses human population growth and its relationship to the environment. It defines key population concepts like population size, density, natality, mortality, doubling time, total fertility rate, and age structure. Rapid population growth can lead to overpopulation, depletion of natural resources, increased waste production, and food and unemployment issues. India faces a population explosion due to high birth rates, early marriage, poverty, illiteracy, cultural norms favoring male children, and illegal migration. The government of India has implemented family welfare programs to promote family planning and reduce birth rates.
This document discusses several key topics related to populations and the environment:
1. It describes characteristics of populations like population size, density, distribution, and age structure.
2. It discusses factors that influence population size such as births, deaths, immigration and emigration.
3. Several issues related to population growth are outlined, including impacts on public health, food supply, freshwater, coastlines, forests, biodiversity, and climate change.
4. Steps that can be taken to promote sustainability and stabilize world population are proposed.
The document discusses key topics in population ecology, including characteristics of populations such as population density, growth rate, age structure, survivorship curves, and limiting factors. It describes different patterns of population growth, such as exponential and logistic growth, and how populations are regulated by carrying capacity. Reproductive strategies of r-selected and K-selected species are compared. The document also provides highlights from the 2015 Philippines Population Census, including population size, growth rates by region, and demographic trends.
The document discusses population and demography. It defines a population as a group of individuals of the same species that live together in a region. It then provides data on current world population, including milestones in population growth and the most populous countries. It also discusses population density, birth rates, death rates, and other population characteristics that are used to study and compare populations.
World population dynamics can be understood by examining population distribution and growth rates over time. Population distribution is influenced by environmental factors and level of development. Places with large populations usually have favorable environments and are more developed, while places with few people often have hostile environments. Population growth is the result of birth rates, death rates, and migration. In the last 200 years, global population has experienced an unprecedented expansion due to improvements in medicine, sanitation and technology that reduced death rates even as birth rates remained high.
World human population growth through historyBiswajit Das
The human population has grown exponentially since 1350 AD, reaching over 7 billion currently. It took until 1800 for the population to reach 1 billion, but only 127 years to double to 2 billion in 1927. Rapid growth was driven by improved agriculture, medicine, and sanitation. Currently, the population grows by around 75 million per year and is expected to reach 8.5-10.9 billion by 2050. Population growth rates vary by region and development level, with less developed countries having higher birth rates and shorter doubling times. Continued rapid growth could stress environmental resources if not balanced.
The document discusses various topics related to population dynamics, including:
1. Characteristics of populations such as population density, dispersion, growth, and carrying capacity.
2. Factors that influence population growth such as resources, reproductive strategies, and population cycles.
3. Models of human population growth including the demographic transition model.
4. Challenges facing developing countries in slowing population growth.
The document discusses factors that influence population change, including birth rates, death rates, and migration. It notes that the world population has doubled between 1950 and 2000, with a greater proportion now living in less developed countries. Population change is influenced by physical factors like natural disasters and disease, as well as human-related factors such as healthcare, development, religion/culture, education, government policies, and conflict.
The document discusses factors that influence population change, including birth rates, death rates, and migration. It notes that the world population has doubled between 1950 and 2000, with a greater proportion now living in less developed countries. Population change is influenced by physical factors like natural disasters and disease, as well as human-related factors such as healthcare, development, religion/culture, education, government policies, and conflict.
C6 POPULATION GROWTH (econdev)_20240306_214313_0000.pdfSARAHJOYLVELANTE
This document discusses population growth and its relationship to economic development. It begins by introducing the topic and noting that the world's population reached 7.2 billion in 2013 and is projected to grow significantly by 2050. It then covers several key aspects of population growth, including its history from ancient times through the present, trends in fertility and mortality rates, age structure and dependency burdens, and the concept of demographic transition as countries develop economically.
This document discusses human population and patterns of population growth. It provides population statistics showing that as of 2022, the world population is approximately 8 billion people with the majority living in Asia and Africa. It describes two patterns of population growth: exponential growth, where a population grows rapidly under ideal conditions, and logistic growth, where growth slows and levels off due to density-dependent limiting factors like lack of resources or buildup of waste as the population size increases.
Population growth, variation among nationsHarsh Rastogi
Group of individuals of species occupying a definite geographic area at a given time.
The population will continue to grow till equilibrium is achieved, i.e.
Number of births = Number of deaths
Population growing by 90 million/year.
Of which 93 % in developing countries .
Spread of public health programmes in developing countries.
Rise in food production after World War II.
Every second 4-5 children are born and 2 people die.
Nearly 2.5 persons get added every second.
This document discusses population growth. It defines population as a group of individuals of the same species living in an area at a given time. Population density is the number of individuals per unit area or volume. The global population has grown rapidly over the past 100 years from 1 billion to over 6 billion currently due to decreasing death rates and increasing birth rates. Rapid population growth can cause problems like increasing demands on resources, loss of agricultural land, unemployment, and environmental pollution. Methods to control population growth include policies limiting family size, sterilization, abortion, and family planning.
Population growth has increased exponentially over the past 160 years, from 1 billion people in 1880 to over 6 billion currently. The rapid growth is due to decreases in death rates as a result of improved healthcare, sanitation, and food production, while birth rates have remained high. Characteristics like total fertility rates, infant mortality rates, and sex ratios vary widely between developed and developing countries and impact population growth. Problems caused by high population include increased demands on resources, loss of land, pollution, and unemployment. Methods to control growth include policies limiting family size, sterilization, and family planning programs.
Population lesson 1 world population growthMs Geoflake
The world population grew slowly until 1900 but then increased rapidly, reaching 1 billion in 1900, 2.5 billion in 1950, and 7 billion in 2011. Most population growth occurs in developing countries with high birth rates, like India and China. While populations in developed countries are stable or declining, populations in developing countries continue to rise due to historically high birth rates and increasing lifespans. Rapid population growth creates challenges for governments to provide resources and threatens the environment, food security, and political stability.
The document discusses human population growth and urbanization. It notes that:
- The human population has grown exponentially in the past 200 years due to factors like improved agriculture and health care.
- Population growth is unevenly distributed, with 99% of new arrivals between 2011-2050 expected in middle- and low-income countries.
- Most of the world's population now lives in urban areas, and urbanization is bringing problems like pollution, poverty, and unsustainable resource use.
- Cities can work to become more sustainable by reducing sprawl, promoting alternatives to cars, and using approaches like smart growth and new urbanism.
Population growth in developing countries is increasing 9 times faster than developed countries by 2050
95% of growth in developing countries and will probably reach 7.5-10.8 billion people
Carrying capacity is the maximum population that a given area can sustain.
Carrying capacity of human is the maximum number of people who could live in reasonable freedom and comfort indefinitely, without decreasing the ability of the earth to sustain future generations.
Population growth in developing countries is increasing 9 times faster than developed countries by 2050
95% of growth in developing countries and will probably reach 7.5-10.8 billion people
Carrying capacity is the maximum population that a given area can sustain.
Carrying capacity of human is the maximum number of people who could live in reasonable freedom and comfort indefinitely, without decreasing the ability of the earth to sustain future generations.
Population growth in developing countries is increasing 9 times faster than developed countries by 2050
95% of growth in developing countries and will probably reach 7.5-10.8 billion people
Carrying capacity is the maximum population that a given area can sustain.
Carrying capacity of human is the maximum number of people who could live in reasonable freedom and comfort indefinitely, without decreasing the ability of the earth to sustain future generations.
Population growth in developing countries is increasing 9 times faster than developed countries by 2050
95% of growth in developing countries and will probably reach 7.5-10.8 billion people
Carrying capacity is the maximum population that a given area can sustain.
Carrying capacity of human is the maximum number of people who could live in reasonable freedom and comfort indefinitely, without decreasing the ability of the earth to sustain future generations.
Population growth in developing countries is increasing 9 times faster than developed countries by 2050
95% of growth in developing countries and will probably reach 7.5-10.8 billion people
Carrying capacity is the maximum population that a given area can sustain.
Carrying capacity of human is the maximum number of people who could live in reasonable freedom and comfort indefinitely, without decreasing the ability of the earth to sustain future generations.
Population growth in developing countries is increasing 9 times faster than developed countries by 2050
95% of growth in developing countries and will probably reach 7.5-10.8 billion people
Carrying capacity is the maximum population that a given area can sustain.
Carrying capacity of human is the maximum number of people who could live in reasonable freedom and comfort indefinitely, without decreasing the ability of the earth to sustain future generations.
Population growth in developing countries is increasing 9 times faster than developed countries by 2050
95% of growth in developing countries and will probably reach 7.5-10.8 billion people
Carrying capacity is the maximum popul
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إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
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تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
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4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
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1. HUMAN POPULATION AND THE
ENVIRONMENT
By
IJAS AHAMMED C.K
S5 EEE Roll No. 30
GEC WAYANAD
2. POPULATION GROWTH
The term population was derived from the lattin word
populous meaning of people
In ecology population may be defined as a group of organism of
the same species occupying a particular space
Eg. Deer population of Kaaziranga wildlife sanctuary &
Corbett national park, human population of Delhi or India …
The ultimate constituents of population are individual
organisms that can potentially inbreed
3. Population size density
Total size of population is expressed as the no. of individuals in a
population
The change in population size between an interval of time
Nt+1=Nt +B- D+ I- E
Nt+1=Nt +B +I –(D+E)
Population density is defined as the numbers of individuals per unit
area or per unit volume of environment
Eg. for larger trees 600 trees per hector where as smaller ones such
as phytoplanktons as 2 million cells per cubic meter of water surface
4. Density may by numerical density or biomass density
When size of individuals in the population is relatively uniform, as
mammels, birds, insects expressed in no. of individuals
But size of individuals is variable, as fishes, trees expressed in
biomass
Biomass represents wet wt, dry wt, volume, carbon and nitrogen wt
Crude density- density (no. or biomass) per unit total space
Eg. Plant species –cassia tora & oplismenus burmanni found more
crouded in shady patches
Biological /specific /ecological desity- density per unit of habitual
space
Eg.density value for only shady area
6. Human Population Growth
• At A.D 1 world population --- 30 crore( 300 billion)
• At 18th century (after beginning of industrial revolution) populn---76
crore & in1750 reached 100 core (1 billion)
• Majority of world populn(86%) resided in Asia (65%) and Europe
(21%)
• In 2000 world had 6.1 billion human inhabitants
• In next 50 years it will rise to more than 9 billions
7. WORLD POPULATION TRENDS
1. In 2001 world populn exceeded 6.1 billion –growing 1.3% annually
over 60% lives in Asia, 13% in Africa & 12% lives in Europe &
remaining 14% in America and oceania
2. Most of developed world will experience aging and popln declines,
while less developed countries will continue to have growing poplns
3. Acc; to UN worlds population will be 9.3 billion in 2050. Between
2000-50 less developed countries will account for almost 99% world
populn growth with populn increase of 61%.
4. U.S is the only industrialized country expected to rank among top
10 nations in the world in 2050. 17 countries will have 100 million
or more by mid century; India & China will have 1.6 and 1.5 billion
people respectively.
10. POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS
1. Natality
Broader term covering production of new individuals by birth.
Natality rate =no. of organisms born/ female /unit time
In humans natality rate= birth rate
a. Maximum/absolute/potential natality;
The theoretical max. production of new individuals under ideal conditions –no ecological
limiting factors reproduction is only limited by physiological factors so is aconstant for a
species populn
b. Ecological natality or natality;
• Population increase under an actual existing specific condition
• Depend on possible existing environmental conditions & also called fertility rate
• It is expressed as;
11. • Specific natality rate (b)= ^Nn/NDt
where N= reproductive part (mature females) of the population or
initial no. of organisms
n = new individuals of the population
^Nn = production of new individuals
t = time
^Nn/Dt = the absolute natality rate
^ = delta ; the change
Further the rate atwhich females produce offsprings is determined by
1.Clutch size or no. of young produced in each occation
2.The time between one reproductive event and next &
3.The age of 1st reprodction
12. 2.Mortality
The rate of death of individuals in the population
Ie, the no. of individuals dying in a given period
a. Minimum/specific /potential mortality; theoretical min. loss under
ideal or non-limiting conditions& is a constant
b. Ecological / realised mortality; actual loss of individuals under a
given environmental condition & is not a constant but depend on
conditons such as production ,disease …
Oldage – physiological or potential longevity representing the age
upto which the organism can live under ideal conditions .
13. 3.Doubling time
Time needed for a population to double its size at a constant annual
rate
Expressed as;
Td = 70/ r
where Td = doubling time in years &
r = annual growth rate
14. 4. Total Fertility Rate (T.F.R)
• It is the avg no. of children that would be born to a woman in her life
time if the age specific birth rates remains constant
• The TFR values lie between 1.9 in developed nations to 4.7in
developing nations
• Some trends in global TFR are ;
1.In 2000 , 44% of world populn lived in countries with fertility
rates at or below replacement level. In the next 50 yrs these nations is
projected to increase by 7% , from 2.7 to 2.9 billion people
2. Nations with high fertility rates have extremely low contraceptive
rates. In 2001 about 4% of married women in Chad has a TFR of 6.3
birts /woman in contrast about 91% of married women in Italy , has a
TFR of only 1.3 .
15. 5. Age Structure
Represented by age pyramids
Age classes :
a. Pre-reproductive (0- 14 years)
b. Reproductive (15-44)
c. Post reproductive (45 years and above)
3 types of populns or pyramids :
1. Expanding population- birth rate is high & population growth is
exponential eg. House fly, yeast, paramecium, algae…
Age structures in India , Bangladesh, Nigeria …
2. Stable/ stationary population- as rate of growth slows and stabilizes pre-
reproductive and reproductive groups become more or less equal in size.
(Bell shaped structure ) eg. France, USA and Canada .
16.
17. 3. Diminishing / declined population :
• Dying off population
• If birth rate is drastically reduced, pre-reproductive reduces in
response to the reproductive & post reproductive groups resulting an
urn-shaped structure
• Low percentage of young individuals
• Eg. Germany, Italy, Hungary, Sweden & Japan.
18. 6. Aging
oThe world is aging at unprecedented rates due to decrease in both birth
and death rates
oIn 2000 the median age was 26.5 and it is expected to climb to 36.2 by
2050
oIn more developed regions ,the median age of 37.4 yrs is expected to grow
to 46.4 yrs by 2050
oIn less developed countries, median age will increase from 24.3 to 35 years
oIn 2000 Japan, Italy, Switzerland, Germany and Sweden had median ages of
40 or more
oSpain is projected to have the oldest median age 54 years by 2050 .
19. 7. Youth Bulge
oIn 2001, 30% of human population was between the ages of 15 & 24
oAlthough the propotion of this group is expected to decline , the net
of young adults will grow from 914 million to 1.13 billion in 2025.
21. Population of an species increases suddenly is called population explosion
Population of an organism decreases suddenly is called poplation crash
Most populations are in a state of dynamic equilibrium
Either cause serious problems for their-own populns as well as the
populations of depending organisms
Eg. Population crash in snakes and population explosion in rats will be in
equilibrium with populns of other organisms including humans
In 2000 ,world populn was 6.1 million & is predicted to grow 4 times in the
next 100 yrs
This unprecedented growth of human population at an alarming rate is
known as population explosion
It doent mean over popln or populn density-the problem arises when
economic development fails to maintain pace with populn growth .
22. Causes of population explosion
1. Increase in food production and distribution
2. Improvement in public health (water & sanitation)
3. Improvement in medical services(vaccins & antibiotics) along with
gains in education and standard of living
4. Drop in death rates .
23. Effects of population explosion
I. Over stress on natural resources
II. Over production of wastes
III. Food problem
IV. Over stress on water resources
V. Unemployment
24. •Effects Of Population Explosion
Air Pollution .
Water Pollutions.
Increase in Demand For Food Resources
Deforestation
25. •Air pollution
How air pollution because of
Population Explosion ?
• Given Below-:
32. •Increase in Deforestation For occupying land for
day by day increase in population .
For Agriculture For Urbanization
33. •Use of population in positive a ways-:
For intense Labor for Private Sector which leads to
development of countries Economy.
For Increase in Defence Sector of countries which lead
strong position of countries.
For intense Labor for Government Sector which leads to
smooth running of Administration of Governess.