1) Joseph Licklider at DARPA developed the idea of a universal network and wanted different computer systems used by the military to be able to communicate. 2) Researchers at BBN and MIT created the first Interface Message Processors (IMPs) and connected the first two nodes, helping establish the foundations of the internet. 3) Key internet innovations included TCP/IP, packet switching, routers, fiber optics, Ethernet, HTML, and multimedia standards which were developed in the 1970s and 1980s.