The document discusses the origins and evolution of the net neutrality debate in the United States. It outlines key events and perspectives from both supporters and opponents of net neutrality. These include the initial coining of the term in 2002, various FCC rulings and policy statements, lobbying efforts, and legal challenges around issues like the Comcast throttling case and FCC regulations. The debate remains ongoing with shifting positions of government agencies and industry groups.
Net Neutrality and the Future of the InternetMercatus Center
Net neutrality regulations would mandate that essentially all data on the Internet be treated the same by Internet service providers (ISPs), with many supporters calling on the FCC to prohibit “Internet fast lanes.” But are there situations in which different treatment of broadband traffic is good? What role should the government play in ever-changing broadband markets?
Net Neutrality PPT presentation in MIS 3305 on Oct. 13, 2015. Explanation is needed for various slides. However, this slide show presents an overview of what net neutrality is, how the internet works, how ISPs have throttled content providers data traveling through their networks, and the FCC's ruling over the issue.
is a lesson about computer network that is the development EngAbdirahman Hassan Nour of students IT university Golis of Berbera to receive an assignment of the PPT 21Slide...
Discussing about privacy related issues in the areas of Financial Data, Health Information and Children’s Personal Data with identifying regulations in USA and EU. Also it focus on Fair Information Practices.
,
ddata communications and computer networks
,
basic elements of a communication system
,
coaxial cable
,
star network
,
data transmission media
,
ring network
,
hybrid network
,
completely connected network
,
multi-access bus network
,
network linking devices
,
network interface card (nic)
Net Neutrality and the Future of the InternetMercatus Center
Net neutrality regulations would mandate that essentially all data on the Internet be treated the same by Internet service providers (ISPs), with many supporters calling on the FCC to prohibit “Internet fast lanes.” But are there situations in which different treatment of broadband traffic is good? What role should the government play in ever-changing broadband markets?
Net Neutrality PPT presentation in MIS 3305 on Oct. 13, 2015. Explanation is needed for various slides. However, this slide show presents an overview of what net neutrality is, how the internet works, how ISPs have throttled content providers data traveling through their networks, and the FCC's ruling over the issue.
is a lesson about computer network that is the development EngAbdirahman Hassan Nour of students IT university Golis of Berbera to receive an assignment of the PPT 21Slide...
Discussing about privacy related issues in the areas of Financial Data, Health Information and Children’s Personal Data with identifying regulations in USA and EU. Also it focus on Fair Information Practices.
,
ddata communications and computer networks
,
basic elements of a communication system
,
coaxial cable
,
star network
,
data transmission media
,
ring network
,
hybrid network
,
completely connected network
,
multi-access bus network
,
network linking devices
,
network interface card (nic)
This presentation clearly explains how the network evolved till now.
this will be helpful to explore the internet world. How do we connect over the internet?
what's the beginning of the network.
More about OSI Models, TCP models protocols, and frame relay concepts.
if you have any queries/suggestions please visit: https://sabarish.techcodes.in/
What is the difference between mobile networks? In this presentation we tried to show the evolution of mobile network technology up to 5G.
Read our Short Review on Generation of Mobile Network Technology (1G, 2G, 2.5G 3G, 4G, 5G)
Components of Data Communication
Characteristics of Data Transmission
Communication Media
Communication Speed
Communication Hardware
Communication Software
OSI Model
This presentation briefly describes the different types of computer networks along with their advantages and disadvantages and comparison between them.
This presentation contains definition, objectives, typology and models of e-governance. Besides it also depicted the present e-governance scenario in Bangladesh of different sectors such as private, banking and public sectors.
This presentation clearly explains how the network evolved till now.
this will be helpful to explore the internet world. How do we connect over the internet?
what's the beginning of the network.
More about OSI Models, TCP models protocols, and frame relay concepts.
if you have any queries/suggestions please visit: https://sabarish.techcodes.in/
What is the difference between mobile networks? In this presentation we tried to show the evolution of mobile network technology up to 5G.
Read our Short Review on Generation of Mobile Network Technology (1G, 2G, 2.5G 3G, 4G, 5G)
Components of Data Communication
Characteristics of Data Transmission
Communication Media
Communication Speed
Communication Hardware
Communication Software
OSI Model
This presentation briefly describes the different types of computer networks along with their advantages and disadvantages and comparison between them.
This presentation contains definition, objectives, typology and models of e-governance. Besides it also depicted the present e-governance scenario in Bangladesh of different sectors such as private, banking and public sectors.
THIS IS AN ARTICLE PLEASE GIVE ANSWERS FOR THE QUESTIONS (THE PROBLE.pdfinfo824691
THIS IS AN ARTICLE PLEASE GIVE ANSWERS FOR THE QUESTIONS (THE
PROBLEM)
Closing Case Network Neutrality Wars
The explosive growth of streaming video and mobile technologies is creating bandwidth
problems over the Internet. The Internet was designed to transmit content such as e-mails and
Web pages. However, media items being transmitted across the Internet today, such as high-
definition movies, are vastly larger in size. To compound this problem, there are (in early 2015)
over 180 million smartphone users in the United States, many of whom use the Internet to stream
video content to their phones. The Internet bandwidth issue is as much about economics as it is
about technology. Currently, consumers can send 1-kilobyte e-mails or watch the latest 30-
gigabyte movie on their large-screen televisions for the same monthly broadband fee. Unlike the
system used for power and water bills where higher usage results in higher fees, monthly
broadband fees are not tied to consumer usage. A study from Juniper Networks
(www.juniper.net) highlights this “revenue-per-bit” problem. The report predicts that Internet
revenue for carriers such as AT&T (www.att.com) and Comcast (www.comcast.com) will grow
by 5 percent per year through 2020. At the same time, Internet traffic will increase by 27 percent
annually, meaning that carriers will have to increase their bandwidth investment by 20 percent
per year just to keep up with demand. Under this model, the carrier’s business models will face
pressures, because their total necessary investment will exceed revenue growth. Few industry
analysts expect carriers to stop investing in new capacity. Nevertheless, analysts agree that a
financial crunch is coming. As Internet traffic soars, analysts expect revenue per megabit to
decrease. These figures translate into a far lower return on investment (ROI). Although carriers
can find ways to increase their capacity, it will be difficult for them to reap any revenue benefits
from doing so. The heart of the problem is that, even if the technology is equal to the task of
transmitting huge amounts of data, no one is sure how to pay for these technologies. One
proposed solution is to eliminate network neutrality. (A POSSIBLE SOLUTION)Network
neutrality is an operating model under which Internet service providers (ISPs) must allow
customers equal access to content and applications, regardless of the source or nature of the
content. That is, Internet backbone carriers must treat all Web traffic equally, not charging
different rates by user, content, site, platform, or application. Telecommunications and cable
companies want to replace network neutrality with an arrangement in which they can charge
differentiated prices based on the amount of bandwidth consumed by the content that is being
delivered over the Internet. These companies believe that differentiated pricing is the most
equitable method by which they can finance the necessary investments in their network
infrastructures. .
NEWSWHAT’S NEW NOWWhy 2015 May Be the Year We Solve Ne.docxcurwenmichaela
NEWS
WHAT’S NEW NOW
Why 2015 May Be the Year
We Solve Net Neutrality
BY CHLOE ALBANESIUS
T
he Internet is an amazing innovation that has transformed the world as
we know it. But how do we keep it open and accessible to all? Can
Internet service providers be trusted to police themselves and let
competition guide the way? Or should regulators step in and set up rules of the
road to ensure equal access to the Web?
These questions have been plaguing regulators and ISPs alike for years now,
but it’s looking as though there’s the possibility that in 2015 the Federal
Communications Commission (FCC) will finally issue rules that actually stick.
And the agency might get there by taking a very controversial route.
OPEN
NET NEUTRALITY?
You’ve probably heard the term “net neutrality.”
Perhaps your eyes glazed over as politicians droned on
about “Internet fast lanes” or “protecting the Internet.”
But what are they talking about? The Internet seems to
be working just fine, right?
Therein lies the dilemma. The Internet does indeed
work quite well, but there are those who are concerned
that that might not always be the case. Net neutrality,
therefore, is the idea that everyone should have equal
access to the Internet. Amazon, for example, should not
be able to pay for Amazon.com to load faster than
eBay.com or Etsy.com. ISPs, meanwhile, are at liberty
to speed up (or slow down) their entire networks, but
they cannot cut off access to one particular website or
platform (such as Netflix) because those sites are eating
up a ton of bandwidth.
In theory, all parties in the net neutrality debate are in
agreement about those basic tenets. But they disagree
over whether the government needs to step in and
monitor the situation. If you ask the ISPs, they are fully
capable of policing themselves and would never actively
break the rules of net neutrality because they would lose
customers. They also argue that requiring them to
follow onerous rules would make them less inclined to
invest in new technologies—like gigabit Internet—for
fear that they would not be able to run their networks as
they please.
On the other side, though, are consumer groups and
certain lawmakers who point to examples of ISPs
behaving badly. In fact, the modern-day net neutrality
debate started with accusations that Comcast was
cutting off access to peer-to-peer networks such as
BitTorrent during peak times in order to better manage
its network. Meanwhile, consumers in many cities do
not have multiple options when it comes to high-speed
Internet providers, meaning if they don’t like their
Internet speeds or service, they’re stuck.
The Internet
does indeed
work quite
well, but there
are those who
are concerned
that that
might not
always be
the case.
COMCAST VS. THE FCC
The net neutrality battle royal dates back to 2007, when
Comcast was accused of cutting off access to P2P
networks. Comcast admitted to delaying traffic durin ...
Read the Case Study Below. Answer the questions. Paper must be a pag.docxapatrick3
Read the Case Study Below. Answer the questions. Paper must be a page and a half
Interactive Session: Organizations The Battle Over Net Neutrality What kind of Internet user are you? Do you primarily use the Net to do a little e-mail and online banking? Or are you online all day, watching YouTube videos, downloading music files, or playing online games? Do you use your iPhone to stream TV shows and movies on a regular basis? If you’re a power Internet or smartphone user, you are consuming a great deal of bandwidth. Could hundreds of millions of people like you start to slow the Internet down? Video streaming on Netflix accounts for 32 percent of all bandwidth use in the United States, and Google’s YouTube for 19 percent of Web traffic at peak hours. If user demand overwhelms network capacity, the Internet might not come to a screeching halt, but users could face sluggish download speeds and video transmission. Heavy use of iPhones in urban areas such as New York and San Francisco has already degraded service on the AT&T wireless network. AT&T reported that 3 percent of its subscriber base accounted for 40 percent of its data traffic. Internet service providers (ISPs) assert that network congestion is a serious problem and that expanding their networks would require passing on burdensome costs to consumers. These companies believe differential pricing methods, which include data caps and metered use—charging based on the amount of bandwidth consumed—are the fairest way to finance necessary investments in their network infrastructures. But metering Internet use is not widely accepted, because of an ongoing debate about net neutrality. Net neutrality is the idea that Internet service providers must allow customers equal access to content and applications, regardless of the source or nature of the content. Presently, the Internet is neutral: all Internet traffic is treated equally on a first-come, first-served basis by Internet backbone owners. However, this arrangement prevents telecommunications and cable companies from charging differentiated prices based on the amount of bandwidth consumed by the content being delivered over the Internet. The strange alliance of net neutrality advocates includes MoveOn.org; the Christian Coalition; the American Library Association; data-intensive Web businesses such as Netflix, Amazon, and Google; major consumer groups; and a host of bloggers and small businesses. Net neutrality advocates argue that differentiated pricing would impose heavy costs on heavy bandwidth users such as YouTube, Skype, and other innovative services, preventing high-bandwidth startup companies from gaining traction. Net neutrality supporters also argue that without net neutrality, ISPs that are also cable companies, such as Comcast, might block online streaming video from Netflix or Hulu in order to force customers to use the cable company’s on-demand movie rental services. Network owners believe regulation to enforce net neutralit.
All the q about net neutrality.1. Who is in favor of net neutralit.pdfakashborakhede
All the q about net neutrality.
1. Who is in favor of net neutrality? What reasons do they offer for this position?
2. What legal challenges are critics making against the FCC\'s rules? What three approaches are
they taking? Which is likely to succeed?
3. What affect could the FCC\'s decision have on the government, consumers, and various
internet-related companies? Are conditions expected to change drastically for any of these
groups?
Solution
1. Net neutrality is the principle that Internet service providers and governments should treat all
data on the Internet equally, not discriminating or charging differentially by user, content, site,
platform, application, type of attached equipment, or mode of communication. Nearly anyone
and any business not involved with the cable and phone companies supports keeping the Internet
as the open marketplace that it is today. Consumer groups, small businesses, innovators, family
and religious groups, financial services, retailers as well as major Internet brands such as Google,
Yahoo!, Amazon.com, Earthlink, eBay, Intel, Microsoft, Skype, Vonage are fighting to keep the
Internet open.
2.The FCC just voted in favor of a strong net neutrality rule to keep the Internet open and free.A
legal fight against the Federal Communications Commission\'s new Internet traffic rules has
begun with a suit by the United States Telecom Association, an industry group that represents
companies including AT&T and Verizon. The FCC is honing in on three areas of oversight: the
blocking of access to any content, the \'throttling\' of Internet traffic (slowing it down for reasons
other than what may be technically necessary to maintain a network\'s operations), and paid
prioritization (in which providers may favor some Internet traffic over others by creating \'fast
lanes\' for websites and services that can pay for them). One of the key legal arguments to expect
in the months to come, according to Werbach, is that the FCC previously said a company can
either be a telecommunications service or an information service, but not both. ISPs may argue
that they are elements of both and that the FCC must prove that they are not information
companies before it can reclassify them, says Werbach.
3.It will be a long time before anything materialises. Netflix won\'t stream any faster for you and
ISPs won\'t stop investing in their networks or high speed fiber cables as a result. Internet service
providers say they back the concept. But they don\'t want to face more, costly regulation and
claim it would hurt the economy.
Their argument is the internet has been progressing just fine the way it is currently set up, thanks
in parts to their expensive investments in network upgrades that have improved the quality of
high-speed service and expanded its availability.
More regulation will cost them more money - money they would otherwise spend on expanding
and improving their networks, they say. That would have the trickle-down effect of hurting
b.
Now its our turn to implement Net Neutrality In India ... Join the fight for Net Neutrality
Hope You Like It .... So Please subscribe and like the Power Point Presentation ...
Also Visit My Youtube Channel For Some Exiting Videos :-
https://www.youtube.com/c/divyanshutyagi8
Talk delivered on March 23, 2011, as part of the Speaker Series of the Rob Kling Center for Social Informatics at Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
2. Origins of the Net Neutrality
Debate
Coalition of Broadband Users and Innovators
(CBUI) sent a letter to FCC Chairman Michael
Powell in November 2002
It included the phrase “net neutrality” coined
by Tim Wu in an article written in 2002 and
published in 2003
CBUI called for “nondiscrimination safeguards”
to guarantee net neutrality
3. What is Net Neutrality?
“Net neutrality simply means that all like Internet
content must be treated alike and move at the
same speed over the network. The owners of the
Internet’s wires cannot discriminate. This is the
simple but brilliant “end-to-end” design of the
Internet that has made it such a powerful force for
economic and social good.”
Lawrence Lessig and Robert W. McChesney, “No Tolls on the Internet,”
Washington Post, June 8, 2006.
Ask a Ninja’s “What is Net Neutrality?” video
4. Eli Noam’s Possible Meanings
No different quality grades for service
No price discrimination among Internet providers
No monopoly price charged to content and
application providers
No discrimination against content providers who
compete with carrier’s own content
No selectivity by the carriers over the content that
they transmit
No blocking of the access of users to some websites
5. Congress and the FCC Encourage
Telephone and Cable to Compete
Telecom Act of 1996
FCC decisions to permit telephone companies to
buy cable networks and cable operators to
compete in telephone markets
FCC wanted telcos and cable companies to
compete in high-speed Internet and cable TV
services via new fiber optic networks built
without government subsidies
6. Top ISPs in the USA (2011)
Comcast
Time Warner
AT&T
Cable operators
Cox
Optimum
Charter
Verizon
Telephone companies
Source: http://isp-review.toptenreviews.com/
7. Top Global Web Sites (2011)
Google
Facebook
YouTube
Yahoo!
Wikipedia
Baidu
Blogspot
Twitter
8. Michael Powell’s Internet
Freedoms, 2004
freedom to access content
freedom to use applications
freedom to attach personal devices
freedom to obtain service plan information
9. FCC Policy Statement 2005
consumers are entitled to access the lawful Internet
content of their choice
consumers are entitled to run applications and services
of their choice, subject to the needs of law enforcement
consumers are entitled to connect their choice of legal
devices that do not harm the network
consumers are entitled to competition among network
providers, application and service providers, and
content providers
11. Arguments of Proponents
End-to-end architecture of the Internet must
be preserved
This means preventing discrimination by
conduit companies against content and
services that they do not control
Conduit companies will reserve lots of
bandwidth for services like cable TV which will
degrade Internet performance for everyone
else
Vint Cerf
12. More Arguments of Proponents
There is insufficient competition between
cable operators and telcos to guarantee nondiscrimination
There is a potential for violations of freedom
of speech in the absence of net neutrality
guarantees
Gigi Sohn
Larry
Lessig
Tim
Berners-Lee
13. Organizations that Supported
Net Neutrality
ACLU
ALA
Christian Coalition
Gun Owners of America
Consumers Union
Google, Amazon, Yahoo!
American Electronics Association
15. Arguments of Opponents
Net neutrality guarantees constitute
unnecessary regulation
The threat of discrimination is overblown
Cable and telephone companies need new
revenues to build out the network
Need to have “intelligent networks” to obtain
“quality of service”
Competition is sufficient to prevent abuses
16. The Video Franchise Bill,
2006
Attempts by Democrats led by Ed Markey in
the House to add net neutrality amendments
failed in committee and on the floor
Net neutrality amendment proposed by
Senator Olympia Snowe (R-ME) failed to pass
in an 11-11 committee vote
Senator Ted Stevens (R-AK) voted against the
amendment
17. Ted Stevens’ Tubes Statement
“And again, the Internet is not something you just dump
something on. It's not a big truck. It's a series of tubes. And
if you don't understand those tubes can be filled and if they
are filled, when you put your message in, it gets in line and
it's going to be delayed by anyone that puts into that tube
enormous amounts of material, enormous amounts of
material. “
June 28, 2006
Series of Tubes Remix
19. Telecom Lobbying Money Spent in
the First Half of 2006
Category
Specific Firms and
Organization
Telephone
Interests
AT&T, Verizon, BellSouth,
and USTA
Amount in $
millions
30.3
Cable Interests Comcast, Time Warner, Cox,
and NCTA
Internet
Google, Yahoo!, eBay,
Interests
Microsoft, Amazon.com
12.2
Total
51.3
8.8
20. Wyden Saves the Day
Ron Wyden used his Senatorial privilege to place a
hold on the Video Franchise bill because of the
lack of net neutrality guarantees. Since Ted
Stevens did not have the 60 votes needed to
override Wyden’s hold, the bill was not put up for a
vote on the Senate floor.
21. Barack Obama Supports Net
Neutrality
Speech on net neutrality at Google in 2007
Net neutrality becomes part of the official
Democratic party platform in 2008
Obama appoints Julius Genachowski as head of
the FCC in 2009
American Recovery and Investment Act of 2009
provides $7.2 billion for broadband infrastructure
and mandates that the FCC prepare a National
Broadband Plan
22. Genachowski Adds Two Items to
FCC Policy Statement of 2005
“broadband providers cannot discriminate
against particular Internet content or
applications”
• “providers of broadband Internet access must
be transparent about their network
management processes.”
Video of Genachowski
23. The National Broadband Plan
FCC announced intention to guarantee net
neutrality in spite of Comcast ruling in 2009
Genachowski spoke of a “third way” between
“heavy-handed prescriptive regulation” and
the “light-touch approach” of the past
FCC would attempt to reclassify transmission
component of broadband as a
“telecommunication service”
24. Comcast Throttling of BitTorrent Traffic in 2007
Robb Topolski discovers delays in delivery of BitTorrent files for his barber shop quartet
Topolski publishes this on TorrentFreak blog
EFF and AP verify independently
Comcast eventually admits that it was “traffic
shaping” using an application called Sandvine
that prevents “seeding”
The FCC told Comcast to stop doing this
Comcast complied but appealed to courts
25. The Comcast Ruling of 2010
US Circuit Court of Appeals of DC ruled on April
6, 2010, that the FCC did not have the
authority to regulate ISPs under the Telecom
Act of 1996 (therefore Comcast was not bound
to obey FCC rules regarding traffic
management)
Ruling was based on FCC decision to reclassify
cable modems and DSL as information services
26. Verizon-Google Agreement
In August 2010, Verizon and Google
announced a joint policy proposal
The jist of it was:
Telecom companies agree to net neutrality on
their wired networks
Internet firms agree that net neutrality rules will
not apply to wireless networks
Both agree that reasonable traffic management is
permissible on both wired and wireless networks
27. Verizon Challenge to FCC
Open Internet Order (2013)
Verizon argues in a suit before the US Court of
Appeals that the FCC overstepped its authority in
reclassifying Internet service in its Open Internet
Order and violating Verizon’s 1st and 5th amendment
rights
In May 2013, the Supreme Court ruled that agencies
have authority to regulate when legislation is
ambiguous
Two of the Court of Appeals judges are opposed to
treating all content equally but no ruling yet
28. New FCC Chair
New Chair, Ted Wheeler as of October 2013
Telecom lobbyist background
Hired Gigi Sohn for policy advice
29. Conclusions
Net neutrality was framed by Republicans as a regulatory
issue. Democratic framing was confusing.
Republicans and their supporters carried the day until June
2006 when the political tide began turn against them.
The 2006 and 2008 election results meant that Democrats
and their allies would attempt to pass legislation
guaranteeing net neutrality.
However, the Comcast ruling and strong Republican
opposition to net neutrality made legislative action very
unlikely. It is still not clear whether the FCC strategy to
reclassify broadband transmission will work.