1) The US government established ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency) in response to the Soviet Union launching the first satellite, and ARPA developed ARPANET, the precursor to the Internet, to enable easier communication between researchers. 2) In the 1980s, networks started connecting internationally through NSFNET, allowing over 250 networks to connect outside of the US by 1990. 3) Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web at CERN in 1989 to allow scientists to easily share research over the newly developing Internet. He created HTML, URLs, and the first web browser.

1. The Invention of the Internet and the Web Presentation by Mindy McAdams Week 15.1 / MMC 2265

4. Primary reason for ARPAnet To allow easier communication (and sharing of research data) among various projects funded by the Defense Department

12. This data visualization displays the relative densities of Internet connectivity across the earth. The stronger the contrast, the more connectivity there is. It is immediately obvious, for example, that North America and Europe are considerably more connected than Africa or South America. Source: Chris Harrison

13. This data visualization displays how the Net is connected. The intensity of edge contrast reflects the number of connections between the two points. No country borders or geographic features are shown. Source: Chris Harrison

14. Source: Internet World Stats

19. Tim Berners-Lee (b. 1955) invented the World Wide Web at CERN in 1990 Marc Andreessen (b. 1971) worked on Mosaic at NCSA and co-founded Netscape in 1994

20. The Invention of the Internet and the Web Presentation by Mindy McAdams University of Florida