This document discusses several poisonous plants including Nicotiana tabaccum (tobacco), Digitalis purpurea, Croton tiglium, Abrus precatorius, Ergot, and Oleander. For each plant, it provides details on the family, active principles, where in the plant they are found, effects of poisoning, and tests for detection. Common tests for detecting Abrus and Ergot include the Marquis Test. The document also includes an multiple choice question asking about common tests for detecting Abrus and Ergot.

3. CONTENT
• Classification of Plant Poison
• Nicotiana tabaccum
• Digitalis purpurea
• Croton tiglium
• Abrus precatorius
• Ergot
• Oleander
• MCQ

4. CLASSIFICATION OF PLANT POISON
Plant Poison
Neurotic
Papaver
somniferum
Spinal
Strychnous
nux vomica
Cerebral
Cannabis
sativa,
Dhatura
fastusa
Cardiac
Nicotiana
tabacum,
Digitalis
purpurea
Irritant
Croton
tiglium,
Abrus
precatorius
Miscellaneous
Ergot, Oleander

5. NICOTIANA TABACCUM
◦ It is most commonly known as Tabacco and Tambaku.
◦ It belongs to Solanaceae family.
◦ The major active principle is Nicotine and Nicotianine (known as Tabacco
camphor).
◦ Leaves of the plant contain the active principle.
◦ This is basically smoked and used in pans.
◦ The leaves of the plants are used for manufacturing of cigarettes and cigars.

6. ◦Test for Detection:
i. Mayer’s Reagent: Acetic acid was added to the dried residue of the
extract, which is followed by the addition of 2 drops of Mayer’
Reagent. A white or yellow ppt is obtained which confirms the presence
of Nicotiana tabaccum.
ii. Phosphomolybdic Acid Test: Dried residue of the extract was taken
and few drops of phosphomolybdic acid was added. A yellow ppt is
obtained confirming the presence of Nicotiana tabaccum.
iii. Silicotungstic Acid Test: To the dried residue of the extract, few drops
of silicotungstic acid was added. A white ppt is obtained which
confirms the presence of Nicotiana tabaccum.

7. DIGITALIS PURPUREA
◦ It belongs to Scrophulariaceae.
◦ The active principle of the plants are Digitoxin, Digitalin, Digitalien and
Digitonin.
◦ The active principles are present in roots, leaves and seeds.
◦ It directly affects gastrointestinal system first followed by the cardiac system.
◦ The poisoning due to this poison is very rare and if it happens, mainly
accidental.

8. ◦Test for Detection:
i. Antimony Pentachloride Test: The dried residue is taken in a porcelain
basin. To this, 5 drops of ethanol and chloroform mixture in ratio 1:1 was
added. It was stirred. The extract from organic solvent was then spotted
on No. 1 filter paper in varying amount. It is then sprayed with a 10%
solution of Antimony Pentachloride in Chloroform. Yellow color
develops which then changes to purple. If the paper is warmed in hot air
for 5 minutes, then purple color changes to black.

9. CROTON TIGLIUM
◦ It is most commonly known as Jamal- gota or Naepala.
◦ It belongs to Euphorbiaceae family.
◦ The main active principle of this plant is Crotin and Crotonoside.
◦ Active Principle is present in the seeds of the plant.
◦ It is a gastrointestinal irritant which directly affects the stomach and intestine.
◦ When it comes in contact with the skin, it produces burning, redness and
vesication.

10. ◦Test for Detection:
i. Sodium Hydroxide Test: 2ml of concentrated extract was dissolved in ethanol and
added to an equal amount of 40% Sodium Hydroxide Solution in a test tube. A
brownish red or reddish violet ring will develop at the junction of the 2 liquids which
confirms the presence of Croton tiglium.
ii. P- dimethyl amino benzaldehyde Test: 2 ml of concentrated ether extract is taken in a
porcelain basin. Solvent is then evaporated. After evaporation, an alcoholic solution of
p- dimethyl amino benzaldehyde in rectified spirit acidified with 1ml of conc.
Sulphuric acid was added drop by drop. As a result, a transient red color was observed.
On evaporating the solution to dryness, it becomes brownish red to purple.

11. ABRUS PRECATORIUS
◦ It is most commonly known as Jequirity, Indian Lequorice, Gunchi and
Rati.
◦ It belongs to Leguminoseae family.
◦ The main active principle of Abrus is Abrin. It also contain glycyrrhizin.
◦ Seeds mainly contains the active principle.
◦ Seeds of the plant are used in criminal poisoning and for destroying cattles.
◦ Seeds are also used by jewelers for weighing precious stones.
◦ Cooked seeds are harmless.
◦ The action of abrin is similar to viperine snake- bite causing intense local
damage and hemorrhage.
◦ Abrin causes agglutination of red blood cells.

12. ◦Test for detection:
i. Fast Blue- B Potassium Hydroxide Test: Dried residue was taken in a
porcelain basin. Few drops of 5% ethanolic solution of Fast Blue- B
reagent was added which is followed by the addition of 2 drops of aq.
KOH solution. A red or orange color is observed confirming the
presence of Abrus.
ii. Marquis Test: Dried residue was taken in porcelain basin and 2 drops
of Marquis Reagent was added. Pink color is observed confirming the
presence of Abrus.
iii. Van Urk Reagent: To the dried extrat of residue, one drop of Van Urk
reagent was added in a porcelain basin. A green color is observed which
then changes to purple.

13. ERGOT
◦ Ergot is a compact mycelium of fungus Clavicep purpurea. It attacks the grain
of many plants including rye, wheat, barley, oats and bajra.
◦ The Active Principles of the plant is Ergotoxin, Ergotamine and
Ergometrine.
◦ Seed of different plants such as rye, wheat, bajra produces active principles.
◦ It is used for the treatment of migraine and also as an abortificient.
◦ Ingesting it can result in rapid pulse, confusion, unconsciousness, convulsion,
kidney failure and even failure of respiratory system in high doses.

14. ◦Test for Detection:
i. Marquis Reagent Test: Dried residue was taken in a porcelain basin and
1 drop of Marquis Reagent was added. A brown color observed,
confirming the presence of Ergot.
ii. Mandelin’s Test: Dried residue was taken and one drop of reagent was
added. A purple brown color develops.
iii. Frohde’s Reagent: Dried residue was taken and 1 ml of reagent was
added. A color changes from deep green to red, grey and finally blue is
observed.

15. OLEANDER
◦ Scientific name of the plant is Nerium oleander.
◦ Common names of the plant include White oleander, Pink Oleander, Rose
Laurel, Rose bay, Adelfa.
◦ It belongs to family Apocynaceae.
◦ The main active principle of the plant is Nerin.
◦ Active constituents is present in all parts of the plant, especially roots.
◦ When ingested, it results in vomiting, purging collapse and heart failure.
◦ It shows symptoms similar to that of Digitalis.

16. ◦Test for detection:
i. Keller’s Test: To the residue of the extract is dissolved in 1 ml. of glacial
acetic acid containing 5% ferric sulphate and the solution is layered over
conc. Sulphuric acid containing 0.05% ferric sulphate. An immediate
crimson color in the suphuric acid layer and a green color in the acetic
acid layer develops if nirin is present.

17. MCQ
◦Common test for the detection of Abrin and Ergot is:
a)Marquis Test
b)Mayer’s Reagent
c) Vitali’s Test
d)Antimony Pentachloride Test

18. THANKYOU