This document provides an overview of glass examination in forensic science. It defines glass and describes its amorphous internal structure. The document outlines the major types of glass based on manufacturing process and composition, and notes the most common uses. It discusses how glass fragments can be found at crime scenes and their evidentiary value. The document details how glass is collected and preserved as evidence. It explains methods for physical and chemical matching of glass, including examining refractive index, density, and fracture markings. It provides examples of common fracture patterns like radial and concentric fractures. In summary, the document serves as an introduction to the forensic analysis of glass evidence.
what things are visible which instruments are used, what are the major functions of the instrument used and which is the best technique used by the scientific officer to compare whether two soil samples are from same area or different area.
VSC VIDEO SPECTRAL COMPARATAOR FORENSIC APPLICATIONS BY SHAILESH CHAUBEY STUDENT OF FORENSIC SCIENCE & CRIMINOLOGY FROM BUNDELKHAND UNIVERSITY JHANSI UTTAR PRADESH INDIA . THIS PPT SHOWS ABOUT THE FEATURES, APPLICATIONS , CASE LAWS & NEED OF VSC IN FORENSIC ASPECTS FOR DOCUMENT EXAMINATION & HANDWRITING . THIS PRESENTATION WILL HELP TO GET MORE INFORMATION ABOUT VSC BY VARIOUS SLIDES.
A digital imaging instrument manufactured by Foster + Freeman that employs combinations of light sources and filters to examine document evidence under various wavelengths of radiation ranging from ultraviolet to the infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
VSC is a preferred tool as it supports non destructive examination of documents. VSC uses multiple parameters like IR, UV, and White light providing accurate results.
what things are visible which instruments are used, what are the major functions of the instrument used and which is the best technique used by the scientific officer to compare whether two soil samples are from same area or different area.
VSC VIDEO SPECTRAL COMPARATAOR FORENSIC APPLICATIONS BY SHAILESH CHAUBEY STUDENT OF FORENSIC SCIENCE & CRIMINOLOGY FROM BUNDELKHAND UNIVERSITY JHANSI UTTAR PRADESH INDIA . THIS PPT SHOWS ABOUT THE FEATURES, APPLICATIONS , CASE LAWS & NEED OF VSC IN FORENSIC ASPECTS FOR DOCUMENT EXAMINATION & HANDWRITING . THIS PRESENTATION WILL HELP TO GET MORE INFORMATION ABOUT VSC BY VARIOUS SLIDES.
A digital imaging instrument manufactured by Foster + Freeman that employs combinations of light sources and filters to examine document evidence under various wavelengths of radiation ranging from ultraviolet to the infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
VSC is a preferred tool as it supports non destructive examination of documents. VSC uses multiple parameters like IR, UV, and White light providing accurate results.
Glass evidence can be found at many crime scenes.
Automobile accident sites may be littered with broken headlight or windshield glass.
The site of a store break-in may contain shards of window glass with fibers or blood on them.
If shots are fired into a window, the sequence and direction of the bullets can often be determined by examining the glass.
Minute particles of glass may be transferred to a suspect’s shoes or clothing and can provide a source of trace evidence linking a suspect to a crime.
GLASS MARKET SURVEY AT NOIDA FOR THREE TYPES OF GLASSES: 1]MIRROR 2]LAMINATED...DevagyaGandhi
GLASS MARKET
SURVEY AT NOIDA
FOR THREE TYPES
OF GLASSES:
1]MIRROR
2]LAMINATED
3]PATTERNED
with what is glass and its properties.
MADE BY:DEVAGYA GANDHI,SAUHARD KUKRETI AND SHUBHAM SHARMA ONLY.
Types of Glass and it's Forensic AnalysisAdritaDam1
Glass is an amorphous solid which is widely found as an evidence in the scene of crime. Glass holds significant forensic significance due to its prevalence at crime scenes and its ability to provide valuable evidence. Analysis of glass fragments, fracture patterns, and composition can help determine the sequence of events, source of impact, and even link suspects to a crime. This presentation consist of the types of glass encountered and it's forensic analysis.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2. CONTENT
Glass definition
Types of glass
General properties of glass
Scope of glass examination
Types of cracks and fractures in glass sample and their
interpretation
Forensic examination of glass samples.
3. scopes
Glass, as a physical clue, is frequently encountered in
various crimes such as burglary, road accidents, murder,
sexual assaults, shooting incidents, arson and vandalism.
The chips of broken glass window may be lodged in
suspect’s shoes or garments during the act of
burglary/crime, particles of headlight glass found at the
crime scene make offer clues that confirm the identity of
a suspected vehicle, glass may also be found on the
clothing of an alleged assailant, where a bottle is used as
a weapon.
4. Whenever there is violence, bottles, window pane
glass, mirrors, eye glasses and other glass objects can
be accidently scattered and fragments of these can also
adhere to the criminal's clothing or shoes.
Thus, glass forms one evidentiary materials in many
criminal investigations
5. Glass
glass is technically defined as
‘’The inorganic product of fusion which has cooled to a
rigid condition without crystallizing.’’
In contrast to crystalline solids which have an ordered
internal arrangement of atoms ,the internal structure of
glass consists of a network of atoms lacking long-range
symmetry; This condition is referred to as the vitreous,
or glassy, state.
6. An extended, 3-D
network of atoms which
lacks the repeated,
orderly arrangement
typical of crystalline
materials.
Quartz melt quartz glass
Glass is made by heating silica and with soda and lime
and something other materials to a molten mass, then
cooling it so quickly that there is no time for crystals to
form in the glass.
7. Even though glass is a liquid to us it appears solid it is
not viscous like other liquids, but it looks rigid.
The viscosity is such a high value that the amorphous
material acts like a solid
8. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF
GLASS
Glass is a hard and crystalline substance which is super
cooled liquid, tensile strength of glass depends upon
chemical bonding of glass mainly includes oxides of
various metals.
They are-
1. Network forming oxides
2. Network loosing oxides
3. Stabilizing oxides
4. Intermediates oxides
9. NETWORK FORMING OXIDES
Eg- SiO2, B2O3, As2O3, P2O5
They are also called “formers”
They form network of glass.
10. NETWORK LOOSING OXIDES
Eg- Na2O, CaO, MgO, BaO, K2O, LiO2 etc.
They decreases the melting point of glass.
They are also called fluxes – “softeners”.
11. STABILISG OXIDES
Eg.-CaO, BaO,MgO etc.
They decreases rate of hydrolysis.
They are also called “modifiers’’
13. TYPES OF GLASS
[A]. On the basis of manufacturing process:
Ordinary sheet glass
Float glass (plate)
[B].On the basis of composition:
Oxide glass
Non oxide glass
[C].On the basis of market application
Commercial the basic of market application :
Lead glass
Borosilicate glass
Laminated glass
Tempered glass
14. Collection preservation of glass
evidence
Firstly photographed the glass piece found as a evidence on
soc.
Fingerprints are generally found on glass surface. Cases in
which breaking of glass was done due to the result of struggle,
probability of finding latent fingerprints is more in the
surface of glass.
Note done the presence of latent prints on the surface of glass
and also the inner and outer surface of glass. This is important
in the process of division and determination.
For physical matching, it is necessary to collect the suspect
object or artical from which the glass piece belongs to.
15. For packing, glass piece should always be wrapped in
cotton or cloth. Minute piece of glass should be packed
in pill box for edges, it should be sealed with wax or
modeling clay so they can not destroyed otherwise
contor matching is not possible.
Detail should be refer after packing.
16. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL
MATCHING
CHEMICAL MATCHING-Laboratory examination of glass
is based on comparison.
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION- Matching should be
done of glass piece with its belong parts on the
parameters of color, thickness, design, curvature, color
comparison also done in uv light.
COMPARISON OF DENSITY-Density of glass is 2.1-8.1
gm cm3 whereas optical and crystal glass having their
density much more in comparison to normal glass
17. FREE FLOATATION MOTHOD
UV LIGHT METHOD
NEEDLE SHAPE MICROSCOPE
DENSITY GRADIENT COLUMN METHOD
COMPARISON OF REFRACTIVE INDEX
22. GALSS FRACTURE
By fracture direction of force of known
Whenever any object collides with the glass with force
then as a result cracks will develops in glass on it will
break.
FACTURE
REDIAL
FRACTURE
CONCENTRIC
FRACTURE
FRACTURE BY
HEAT
23. RADIAL FRACTURE
When an object has been thrown through pane, a
fracture forming a pattern somewhat like a spider web
will be seen.
The cracks will appear radiating outwards from the point
of impact making a star shaped fracture known as radial
fracture.
The radial fracture originates on the surface opposite to
that on which force was applied.
This type of fracture is always the first to appear on glass.
25. CONCENTRIC FRACTURE
A series of broken circles originate on the surface, on
which force is applied around the point of impact.
There are the secondary fracture as they always
appears after radial fractures.
27. FRACTURE BY HEAT
Fractures caused by excessive heat will not show
regular radial and concentric fractures as the impact is
not on one spot but will be in v-shape.
The fracture will be dispersed and the glass will break
into small fragment and fall on the side where the heat
was applied or caused.
30. RIB MARKS
RIB MARKS-At radial fracture direction of the rib
marks is the stress marks on broken edges of glass that
are to one side of glass.
For radial fractures (radiating form of centre), the
direction of the force is on the same side as the
tangential parts of rib marks.
In this direction of collision was compressed and at
opposite side will expanded.
31. HECKLE MARKS
They are found between rib marks. If the impact
occurred to the glass surface on the outside of the
house , then the heckle marks would be at right angles
to the glass surface on the inside of glass.
32.
33. Forensic glass examination
A forensic glass analysis is typically a comparison of two
more glass fragments in an attempt to determine if they
originated from different sources.
These analysis requires the determination of class
characteristics that may associate objects with a group of
similar object.
Only physically matching of two or more broken glass
fragments allows for their association with each other to
the exclusion of all other sources.
34. Refractive index:
(ND)
The ratio of the velocity of light in a vacuum to the
velocity of light in a given medium
ND (Water)- 1.333. i.e. light travels 1.333 time faster in
vacuum than in water
An intensive property
varies with temperature and the light frequency
35. performed less frequently than
refractive index determination
because
The glass fragment must be scrupulously clean and
free of inclusions
accurate density measurements require a sample that
is two or three mm in diameter.
36. BACKE LINE METHOD (1892)
When the objective of the microscope is raised, a
bright line moves into the direction of the material of
higher R.I.
Once the line disappears or doesn't move, the
refractive index of oil can be measured by a
refractometer.
the backe line is best observed with contrast
microscopy.
37.
38. REFERENCE
FORENSIC SCIENCE IN CRIME SCENE
INVESTIGATION(Third Edition) by B.S.NABAR
Forensic interpretation of glass evidence by James
Michael Curran Tacha Natalie Hicks
Slide share.net/mobile
https://www.journals.uchicajo.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/62
6840?journalcode=jg