This document provides information about tannins, which are astringent, polyphenolic secondary plant metabolites. It discusses: 1. Tannins are naturally occurring complex organic compounds that have astringent properties and form colloidal solutions with water. They precipitate proteins and help protect plants from external threats. 2. Tannins are classified based on their molecular weight and hydrolysis properties. The main types are hydrolysable tannins, condensed tannins, and complex tannins. 3. Tannins have various pharmacological effects including antioxidant, wound healing, antimicrobial, and cardioprotective activities. They are widely distributed in plants and localized in vacuoles,

1. Tannins
: A Secondary Metabolite
Presented by : Dr. Shefali Rana
MD 1st year
Deptt. Of Dravyaguna Vigyana
R.G.G.P.G.Ayu. College, Paprola

2. Contents -
• What is Tannin ?
• Classification of Tannin
• Properties of Tannin
• Identification test
• Pharmacological action of Tannin
• General method of Extraction
• Drugs containing Tannin
• Side effect of Tannin
• List of some drugs containing tannin according to P.V. Sharma vol. II
• Conclusion

3. INTRODUCTION

4. What is TANNIN ?
• The name ‘tannin’ is derived from the French word
‘tanin’ (tanning substance) and the term ‘tannin’
was first applied by Seguin in 1796 to denote – “A
Substances present in plant extracts which were
able to combine with protein of animal hides,
prevent their decaying and convert them into
leather”.
• Tannin are astringent, poly-phenolic, secondary
metabolites that are bind to and precipitate
proteins and various other organic compounds
including amino acids and alkaloids.

5. • Tannins are naturally occurring complex
organic compounds possessing nitrogen free
polyphenols of high molecular weight which
generally have astringent properties.
• They form colloidal solution with water
giving acid reactions.
• Because of astringent nature of tannins, that
they precipitate proteins and help to
resistant the effect of Heat, water
enzymatic attack in plants.
• When applied on a wound or injury, tannins
form a protective coating so as to prevent
external irritation and thus promote healing.

6. Occurrence
• Tannins are distributed in species throughout the plant kingdom. They are commonly
found in both gymnosperms and angiosperms. Mole studied the distribution of tannin in
180 families of dicotyledons and 44 families of monocotyledons.
• The best known families contain tannin are:
1. Aceraceae
2. Anacardiaceae
3. Moraceae
4. Burseraceae
5. Combretaceae
6. Dipterocarpaceae
7. Fagaceae
8. Myricaceae
9. Fabaceae
In dicots

7. • Najadaceae , Liliaceae , Poaceae and Typhaceae in Monocot.
• To the family of the oak, Fagaceae, 73% of the species tested contain
tannin.
• For those of acacias, Fabaceae, only 39% of the species tested contain
tannin.
• Among Solanaceae rate drops to 6% and 4% for the Asteraceae.
• Some families like -
1. Boraginaceae,
2. Cucurbitaceae,
3. Papaveraceae contain no tannin species.

8. Cellular localization of tannin in plants
• Tannins are found in leaf, bud, fruit, seed, root, and stem tissues.
• Tannins are manufactured by a chloroplast-derived organelle
the Tannosome.
• Tannins are mainly physically located in the vacuoles of plants. After the
tannins are created, the Tannosome is encapsulated in a membrane,
allowing the structure to bud off from the chloroplast and to be shuttled
to a plant vacuole for safe storage.
• These storage sites help to keep tannins active against plant predators,
but also keep tannins away from affecting plant’s own metabolism while
the plant tissue is alive; it is only after cell breakdown and death that the
tannins are active in metabolic effects.

10. Localization of tannin in different parts of
plants and its role -
• Different parts of the plant contain different amounts of tannin –

11. • Other functions are play role in the physiology of 1. development and
maturation of the seeds and 2. in the activation of the nodulation gens
which favor the fixation of nitrogen in the plants and 3. in the
attraction of pollinating insects.
Plant part Localisation of tannin Function
Leaf tissues most common in the upper
epidermis. However, in
evergreen plants, tannins
are evenly distributed in all
leaf tissues.
They serve to reduce
palatability and, thus,
protect plant against
predators.
Buds most common in the outer
part of the bud
As protection against
freezing or heat

12. How tannin protect plants :
• Tannins are essential products for plant
defense, and they provide plants with a
chemical mechanism with which to combat
pathogens and herbivores. But how???????
• Because tannins are so Astringent, most
herbivorous predators avoid to consume them.
Moreover, if any herbivorous predator
persistent enough to eat tannin-rich plants,
the tannins will biochemically target digestive
enzymes and inhibit digestion, sometimes to
the extent that the animal is killed.

13. classification

14. Classification of Tannins
True Tannins
On the basis of their
molecular weight
Hydrolysable
Tannins
Condensed
Tannins
Complex
tannins
Ellagitannins
Gallitannins
Pseudotannins

15. On the basis of molecular weight -
•True tannins
1. These are complex phenolic compounds of high molecular weights
ranging from about 1000 to 5000 daltons or more.
2. They display the general properties of tannins and precipitated by gelatin
in 1% solution.
3. True tannins can be sub-classified into –
 Hydrolysable tannins,
 Condensed tannins and
 Complex tannins.

16. Pseudotannins:
• Pseudotannins are simple phenolic compounds of lower molecular weight than
true tannin.
• They do not respond to the tanning reaction of Goldbeater’s skin test.
• But may, under certain conditions, e.g. in concentrated solutions, give
precipitates with gelatin.
• Gallic acid, Chlorogenic acid, or the simple phenolics such as catechin are
pseudo-tannins which are abundantly found in plants, especially in dead tissues
and dying cells.
• Examples are -
1. Catechins: Catechu, cocoa, etc.
2. Chlorogenic acid: Coffee and Nux-vomica

17. On the basis of hydrolysation -
1. Hydrolysable tannins:
• HTs are formed from several molecules of phenolic acids such as gallic
and hexa-hydroxyl-diphenic acids which are united by ester linkages to
a central sugar (mainly glucose) molecule.
• These tannins are hydrolyzed by acids, or enzyme (tannase) and
produce gallic acid and ellagic acid.
• They were formerly known as pyrogallol tannins, because on dry
distillation gallic acid and similar components are converted into
pyrogallol.
• Two types of hydrolysable tannins are gallitannins and ellagitannins.

18. Further two more types of hydrolysable
tannins -
• ELLAGI-TANNIN : The ellagitannin is characterized by hexa hydroxyl diphenyl
ester group.
• Ellagitannin yields ellagic acid on hydrolysis
• In addition to other phenolic compounds, namely chebulic acid, chloro-ellagic acid
etc.
• Sources for ellagitannin are myrobalans, pomegranate, eucalyptus leaves etc.
• GALLO-TANNIN: Gallotannin is considered to be hydrolysable type since it yields
gallic acid on hydrolysis.
• The gallotannin, also called tannic acid, is obtained from plant galls.
• Source- rhubarb, cloves, red rose petals, bearberry leaves, Chinese galls, Turkish
galls

19. 2. Condensed tannins:
• Unlike hydrolysable tannins, these are not readily hydrolyzable to simpler
molecules and they do not contain a sugar and consisting of coupled flavan-3-
ol (catechin) units.
• They are also called Pro-anthocyanidins, because they are decomposed to
anthocyanidins in heated ethanol solutions.
• On treatment with acids or enzymes they are converted into red water-
insoluble compounds CALLED – Phloba-phens.
• On dry distillation, condensed tannin produce catechol. These tannins are
called as catechol tannins. These tannins are found in cinchona bark, male
fern, grapes seeds, tea leaves and wild cherry bark, etc.
• They produce green colour with ferric chlorides.

20. 3. Complex tannins
• Complex tannins consist of a gallotannin or ellagitannin unit
along with a catechin unit.
• These represent a group of tannins that are biosynthesized from
both hydrolysable tannin and condensed tannin
• OR In simple words - These tannins are mixtures of both,
hydrolysable and condensed tannins.
• Example – Acutisimin A, the usual synthetic representative of the
complex tannins.

22. Physical properties of tannin
• Color: Pale yellow to light brown-red substances
• Taste: Puckering taste or astringent taste.
• State: Non-crystalline.
• Solubility:
1. Completely Soluble in water, alcohol, dilute alkalis, glycerol and
acetone.
2. Sparingly soluble in chloroform, ethyl acetate and other organic
solvents.

23. Chemical properties
• Precipitation - Tannins have ability to precipitate solutions of -
1. Gelatin
2. Alkaloids
3. Glycosides
4. Heavy metals
5. Proteins
• Molecular weight ranging from 500 to >20,000 Daltons.
• Reaction with salts –
 Hydrolysable tannin + Ferric salt Blue black precipitates
 Condensed tannin + Ferric salt Brownish green precipitates

24. Chemical tests for identification
Test Procedure Observation
Goldbeater's skin test Soak a small piece of goldbeater's skin in 25%
HCl; rinse with distilled water and place in the
tannin solution to be tested for 5 min. Wash
with distilled water and transfer to a 15 %
solution of ferrous sulphate.
A brown or black color on the skin
denotes the presence of true
tannins.
Gelatin test Solutions of tannins (about 0.5-1%) precipitate
a 1% solution of gelatin containing 10% sodium
chloride.
White buff colour precipitate.
Ferric chloride test Add 5 % ferric chloride solution drop by drop to
2-3 ml of the aqueous extract and observe the
color produced.
Hydrolysable tannins give bluish-
black color and Condensed tannins
brownish-green ones.

25. Test Procedure Observation
Phenazone test A mixture of aqueous extract of a
drug and sodium hydrogen phosphate
is heated and cooled and filtered. A
solution of phenazone is added to
the filtrate.
The precipitate being bulky and
often colored
Vanilin-hydrochloric acid test Solutions of tannins, added vanillin-
hydrochloric acid reagent (Vanillin
1gm, alcohol 10 ml, concentrated
hydrochloric acid 10 ml).
A pink or red colour is formed
Match stick test (Catechin test) A match stick is dipped in aqueous
plant extract, dried near burner and
moistened with concentrated
hydrochloric acid and warm near a
flame.
The matchstick wood turns pink or
red colour.

26. Pharnmacological Action
1. Antioxidant activity
2. Wound healing activity
3. Antimicrobial activity
4. Antiviral activity
5. Cardioprotective effect
6. Antidiabetic effect

27. Antioxidant activity

28. What are free radicals
and what they do ?
 They are oxygen containing molecules with
uneven number of electron.
 To become stable again, they scavenger other
stable molecule and steal their electron. –
This process called oxidation.
• The molecules that was attacked and lost
its electron is now unstable and become
oxidized. And now it will attack other
stable molecules.
• This cause chain reaction and result in
oxidation stress which in-turn cause cell
to weaken , die or mutate.

29. • Oxidation stress mean distrurbance in balance between production of reactive
oxygen species and antioxidant defense.

30. 1. Anti oxidation activity -
• Tannin donot function solely as primary
antioxidant but function as secondary
antioxidant.
• Several studies have demonstrated tannin
ability to scavenge hydroxyl, super-oxide
and peroxyl radicals by donating electron
to free radical, which helping to restore
the body oxidative balance by producing
more stable and less radial structure.

31. Wound healing
effect

32. 2. Wound healing properties-
• Tannins bind to proteins forming cross-linking
that tightens and thickens tissues and later to
produce a protective layer that can help
heal wounds, arrest bleeding and prevent
infection.
• Activate of inflammatory cytokines and
growth factors .
• The growth factors including basic fibroblast
growth factor (bFGF), transforming growth
factor-beta, and vascular endothelial growth
factor .

34. 3. Anti microbial activity
• Tannins seem to affect bacterial growth in
several ways, such as-
1. Tannin ability to pass through the bacterial
cell wall up to the internal membrane,
interference with the metabolism of the
cell, and as a result—their destruction.
2. Unavailability of the substrates required for
microbial growth
3. Or direct action on microbial metabolism
through inhibition of oxidative
phosphorylation .

35. 4. Antiviral activityy

36.  General mechanism of virus life cycle -
Invading of parental virus in body
Attach to surface of host cell
Than intact virus
Either penetrate
the membrane
Or inject the genetic
material of virus
Enter in cell cytoplasm and release
the genetic material from the capsid
Transcription of genome of
virus to produce viral mRNA
Absorption
1. Adsorption
2. Penetration
3. Uncoating
4. Biosynthesis

37. Translation of viral mRNA in ribosomes in which
protein in formed by decoding mRNA.
• ANTIVIRAL ACTION BY TANNIN -
1. Due to the linkage of tannins on protein surface of viruses or on specific
protein receptor of host cells.
2. Through this, adsorption is restricted which eventually restrict virus
penetration ,its uncoating and further process.
After translation, replication of parental
genome to make progeny genome
Assmebly of newly replicated progeny genome with structural
protein to make fully formed progeny virus
Release of progeny virus by lysis of host
cell from original site to other site in body.
5. Assmeble
6. Release

39. 5. Cardioprotective activity:
• Tannins have cardioprotective activity via-
 stabilizing degenerated pericardial tissue
1. by bind to collagen.
2. and inhibition of enzymatic action of enzyme
elastase.
 and reduction of the calcification of aortic wall.
• Hydrolysable tannins, in particular, reported in a
experimental study to have anti-ischemic activity
and vaso-relaxant effect.

40. 6. Antidiabetic activity
• Tannins possess antidiabetic potential-
1. Firstly due to their ability to lower
glucose levels by
I. Delaying intestinal glucose absorption
II. Or by the inhibition of α-amylase and
α-glucosidase activity
2. And secondly by delaying the onset of
insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus by
providing the antioxidant environment to
pancreatic β-cells.

41. General method of tannin extraction
• Tannin compounds can be easily extracted by water or alcohol.
Plant material
Alcoholic extract
Ethereal layer Aqueous layer
Concentrate and dried Concentrate and dried
Subjected to
isolation and
purification by
chromatography
Alcoholic extract
Alcohol/water
Ether

42. Drugs containing Tannins -
Hydrolysable Tannin Condensed Tannin
1. Haritaki
2. Bibhitaki
3. Amla
4. Arjuna
1. Ashoka
2. Black catechu
3. Pale catechu
4. Bijak

43. A. Hydrolysable tannin -
1. Haritaki/ Terminalia chebula
• Synonym – CHEBULIC MYROBALAN
• Biological source – Fruit of Terminalia chebula
• Chemical constituent –
1. its fruits are an important source of tannin containing
25-32 percent.
2. Depending upon the geographical source, fruits
collected from Chennai, are very rich in tannin.
3. Tannin of haritaki are of pyrogallol type which yield
chebulic acid on hydrolysis.
4. During maturation of tree, the amount of tannin
decreases, whereas the acidity of fruit increases.

44. • Uses –
1. Myrobalan is used as a Astringent, Anthelminitic, Antioxidant and
Tonic.
2. Because of antiseptic and healing properties of tannins, it is
used externally in chronic ulcers, wounds, piles.
3. It is one of the drugs of the well-known preparation ‘Triphala’.
Fine powder of myrobalan is used in dental preparations
especially for bleeding gums.
4. Commercially, it is used in dyeing and tanning industry .

45. 2. Bibhitaki/ Terminalia belerica
• Synonym – BELERIC MYROBALAN
• Biological source – Fruits of Terminalia
belerica
• Chemical constituent –
1. The fruits contain about 20 to 30% of
tannins and 40 to 45% water-soluble
extractives.
2. It contains colouring matter and its seeds
contain non-edible oil.
3. It also contains most of the sugars as
reported in myrobalan.

46. • Uses –
1. Bahera is used as an astringent and in the treatment of
dyspepsia and diarrhea.
2. The antiulcer properties of Bibhitaki fruit derived from rich plant
compounds like ellagitannin.
3. The goodness of ethanol and tannins extract present in the fruit
heal external wounds at a faster rate.
4. Bibhitaki is high in tannin that have beneficial effects on blood
sugar levels, insulin sensitivity and body weight.

47. 3. Amalaki/ Emblica officinalis -
• Synonym – Indian gooseberry
• Biological source – Fruit of Emblica
officinalis
• Chemical constituent –
1. Amla fruit is rich natural source of Vitamin
C and contain 5 percent tannin in which
two main hydrolysable tannins are
Emblicanin A and B, which have
antioxidant properties.
2. It is found that vitamin content of dried
fruits is not lost due to presence of tannin
which retard oxidation of Vitamin C.

48. • Chemical Tests –
1. Alcoholic or aqueous extract of the drug gives blue colour with ferric
chloride solution.
2. To aqueous extract add gelatine and sodium chloride milky white
color is produced.
3. To the aqueous extract of amla add lead acetate, remove precipitate
by filtration. To the filtrate add solution of 2:6 di-chlorophenol—
indo-phenol, colour disappears.
• Uses –
1. Dried fruit is useful in haemorrhage, diarrhoea, diabetes, and
dysentery due to tannin.
2. It has antioxidant, antibacterial and antiviral activities.
3. Act as cardioprotective by regulating the blood pressure.

49. 4. ARJUNA/Terminalia arjuna
• Synonym – Arjunolic myrobalan
• Biological source – Bark of Terminalia
arjuna
• Chemical constituent –
• The dry bark from the stem contains about 20
to 24% of tannin, whereas that of the bark
obtained from the lower branches is up to 15
to 18%.
• The tannins present in arjuna bark are of
mixed type consisting of both hydrolysable and
condensed tannins.

50. • The tannins are reported to be present are (+) catechol, (+)
gallocatechol, epicatechol, epigallocatechol, and ellagic acid.
• The fruits also contain 7 to 20% of tannins
• Chemical Test
• Ethereal extract of arjuna shows pinkish fluoresces under ultra-
violet light.
• Uses :
• Tannins are considered to have wound healing, astringent,
hypotensive, antioxidant and antimicrobial effects.
• Also have property of anti dysenterics.
• The bark was extensively used in the past by the locals for tanning
animal hides.

51. 5. Mayaphal /Quercus infectoria
• Synonym – Nutgalls, blue galls
• Biological source – Gall of Quercus
infectoria
• Chemical constituent –
• Nutgalls contains about 47.2 % tannin
mainly gallotannic acid which is official
tannic acid.
• Tannic acid of commerce is a
hydrolysable tannin which yields gallic
acid and glucose.

52. • Uses -
• Because of its high tannin content , it have astringent properties, so it
is employed for sore throat and receding gum.
• it is effective in treatment of piles.
• Tannic acid also used as an antidote for poisoning due to alkaloid,
heavy metals and some glycosides.
• Its preparation can be used topically for the treatment of bedsores
and minor ulcerations.
• Nutgall is the major source of tannic acid, which is largely used in
tanning and dyeing industry and for the manufacture of ink. It is
utilized in the lab. as a reagent for detection of gelatin and proteins.

53. B. CONDENSED TANNINS
1. Ashoka /Saraca indica
• Synonym – Sorrowless tree
• Biological source – Dried stem bark of the plant Saraca indica
• Chemical constituent –
• Ashoka stem bark contains about 6% of tannins .
• It is the type of Condensed tannin.
• Uses –
• It is suggested in all cases of uterine bleeding either abnormal uterine
bleeding or excessive menstrual bleeding (Menorrhagia).
• Chemical Tests -
• Powdered bark, when treated with saturated picric acid solution,
remains brown for 10 minutes and then slowly turns to orange yellow.
• Powdered bark gives a deep chocolate color with 5% KOH solution.

54. 2. Amra/ Mangifera indica
• Synonym – Mango tree
• Biological source – Dried stem bark of the
plant Mangifera indica
• Chemical constituent –
• Mango bark contain 10-20% tannin, namely
Proto-catechuic acid and catechin.
• Uses
• Bark is used as astringent , antioxidant and also
in treatment of diarrhea- dysentery.
• Tannins are associated to the astringent flavor
of fruits and enzymatic browning reactions in
mango bark

55. 3. Pale catechin /Uncaria gambier
• Biological source – From the leaves and young twigs of
Uncaria gambier
• Chemical constituent –
• Pale catechu contain from about 7 to 30% of pseudotannin
catechin and 22 to 55% of a catechu-tannic acid.
• Both of the above component constitute over 60% of the drug.
• Uses
• Pale catechu is medicinally used as local astringent.
• In diarrhoea, it is used as general astringent.
• In case of oral gum bleeding, It is medicinally used for chewing
with betel leaf.
• Large proportion of gambier is used in dyeing and tanning
industries.

56. • Chemical test -
Test Procedure Observation
Gambier fluorescein
test
To its alcohol extract, a little sodium
hydroxide is added and shaken with
petroleum ether.
The petroleum ether
layer shows green
fluorescence.
Black catechu gives
negative
Vanilin-hydrochloric
acid test
To its extract, a mixture of vanillin:
alcohol: dilute HCl in the ratio 1:10:10
added.
It gives pink or red
colour.
Matchstick dipped test A matchstick dipped in decoction of Pale
catechu is air dried and again dipped into
concentrated HCl and warmed near the
burner.
Pink or purple colour is
produced.

57. 4. Black catechu/ Acacia catechu
• Biological source – Black catechu is the
dried aqueous extract prepared from the
heartwood of Acacia catechu
• Chemical constituent-
• Black catechu resembles pale catechu in
its composition.
• It contains about 2–12% of catechin and
about 25 to 33% of catechu-tannic acid.

58. • Chemical test –
• Lime water when added to aqueous extract of black catechu gives brown
colour, which turns to red precipitate on standing for some time.
• Green colour is produced when ferric ammonium sulphate is added to
dilute solution of black catechu. By the addition of sodium hydroxide, the
green colour turns to purple.
• Uses
• it is used in medicine as astringent.
• It cures troubles of mouth, diseases of the throat and diarrhoea.
• In India and eastern countries, it is used in betel leaves for chewing.
• In dyeing industries, it is used for dyeing fabrics brown or black. It is also
used in calico printing.

59. 5. Vijaysara/ Pterocarpus marsupium
• Synonym – Indian kino tree, Malbar kino.
• Biological source – the stem bark of the
plant Pterocarpus marsupium
• Chemical constituent –
• Kino contains about 70–80% of kino-tannic
acid, kino-red, k-pyro-catechin (catechol),
and gallic acid.

60. • Chemical Tests
• When the solution of drug is treated with ferrous sulphate, green colour is
produced.
• With alkali (like potassium hydroxide) violet colour is produced.
• Uses
• Kino is used as powerful astringent and also in the treatment of diarrhoea
and dysentery, passive haemorrhage, toothache, and in diabetes.
• It is used in dyeing, tanning, and printing.
• The aqueous infusion of the wood is considered to be of much use in diabetes
because it possess hypoglycaemic action due to presence of Epicatechin.

62. Side effects of tannin -
• Here, side effects refer only to relatively high doses of containing
significant quantities of tannin.
• Or we can say, overcumptions lead to negative effect -
 Nausea –
• High intake of tannin lead –
On empty
stomach
Due to excessive
astringency ,
tannin bind to
mucus membrane
Produce
irritating
effect
Nausea

63.  Reduce iron absorption –
• That’s why tannin should be avoid along with consumption of iron rich food
or in patients with complaints iron deficiency.
 Interfere with macronutrients absorption –
• Chronic assumption of tannin particularly condensed tannin inhibit the action
of certain digestive enzymes – CELLULASE , AMYLASE, LIPASE AND
PROTECLYTIC enzymes on small intestinal mucosa which interferes with
absorption of carb, protein and fat.
• Condensed tannins bind with the proteins in diet and interfere in nutrient
digestion. Tannin posses much more affinity towards the protein than any
other molecule.
Tannin binds
with iron
(present in
plant based
food)
Form insoluble
complex with
iron
Make it
unavailable for
its absorption

64. Role in hepatotoxicity –
• Addition of tannic acid to barium sulphate mixture used in barium enemas
increases the accuracy of examination and colonic mucosa stand out
clearly.
• But in 1964, this practices was banned by US FDA because several death
caused by acute hepato-toxicity.
• Because – sufficient quantity of tannic acid absorb from colon reach to
liver through blood steam and causes liver damage.
Anti-nutrients –
• Tannin considered to be nutritionally undersirable.
• How ????
 They form complex with protein, starch, and digestive enzyme to cause
reduction in nutritional value of food by –
 Decrease in feed intake, growth rate, feed efficiency and protein
digestibility.

65.  Damage to mucosal lining of GI track
 Increased excretion of essential amino acids.
Carcinogenic –
• Tannin has been listed as tentative carcinogen of Category I by
OSHA.
• In research study, it is that the carcinogenic activity of tannin might
be due to irritation and cellular damage instead of DNA Mutation.
• In a study, it is reported betel nuts containing 11 to 26% tannin are
possibly responsible for development of oesophageal cancer.
 Tannic acid applied to burns or injected subcutaneously were
reported to cause tumors in experimental animals.

66.  Toxicity to ruminant –
 Hydrolysable tannin are toxic to ruminant.
 Here, microbial metabolism and gastric digestion convert HTs into
absorbable low molecular weight metabolites. Some of these are toxic and
mainly cause –
1. Haemorrhagic gastroenteritis
2. Necrosis of liver
3. Kidney damage
 Condensed tannin damage the GI track, decreasing the absorption of
nutrient and essential amino acid.
Relation with migraine –
• Reduction in level of serotonin increases the severity of migraine due to
unavailability of starch which is bounded by tannin and is precursor of
serotonin.

67. List of some plants containing
Tannins
(Acc to P.V.sharma vol.II )

68. List of some plants containing tannins -
Sno
.
Plant Botanical name Plant part tannin in % Tannin role acc. To P.V. sharma
(द्रव्य क
े कर्म)
1. Majuphal Quercus infectoria Gall 50 -70 % स्तम्भन
2. Babul Acacia arabica Bark 18- 27 % स्तम्भन
3. Amla Emblica officinalis Fruit 28-30% रसायन
4. Plaksh Ficus lacor Bark 4% मूत्रसंग्रहणीय
5. Avartani Helicteres isora Root, bark 10 -12 % स्तम्भन
6. Jambu Syzygium cumini Fruit 10-12% मूत्रसंग्रहणीय
7. Shigru Moringa oleifera Leaves ,drumstick 30 % त्वक ववकारों में उपयुक्त
8. Patrang Caesalpinia sappan Pod 40 % आर्त्तवसंग्रहणीय
9. Mandukparni Centella asiatica All over in plant 20 -25% व्रणरोपक
10 Shal Shorea robusta Bark 10 -12 % मूत्रसंग्रहणीय

69. Sno
.
Plant Botanical name Plant part tannin in % Tannin role acc. To P.V. sharma
(द्रव्य क
े कर्म)
11. Sarja Vateria indica Leaves, bark 30-40 % मूत्रसंग्रहणीय
12. Haritaki Terminalia chebula Fruit Around 30 % रसायन
13. Baheda Terminalia bellirica Fruit Around 20 % रक्तस्तम्भन
14. Bilva Aegle marmelos Pericarp 9 % ग्राही
15. Mahanimba Melia aredarach Bark 10-12% प्रमेहघ्न
16. Kampilak Mallotus philippensis Bark 6.5 % क
ु ष्ठघ्न
17. Machika Tamarix articulate
Tamarix gallica
Gall
Gall
48 %
40 %
रक्तस्तम्भन , प्रदर और प्लीहावृद्धि
में उपयुक्त
18. Karkatshringi Pistacia integerrima Gall 60 % दंतरोग, प्रदर, अततसार में उपयोगी
19. Katphala Myristica esculenta Bark 32 % संिानीय
20. Pashanbhedh Saxifraga ligulata Root 15-16 % व्रणरोपक

70. Sno
.
Plant Botanical name Plant part tannin in % Tannin role acc. To P.V. sharma
(द्रव्य क
े कर्म)
21. Dhataki Woodfordia fruticosa Flower 20- 24 % स्तम्भन , संिानीय
योतनदोषहर
22. Chandan Santalum album Bark 12-14 % त्वक रोगों में उपयुक्त
23. Paan Piper betel Leaves 3- 4 % व्रणरोपक
24. Neem Azadirachta indica Bark 6 % व्रणरोकप, मिुमेहहर
25. Kanchnar Bauhinia variegata Leaves and
bark
3-4 % रक्तस्तम्भन और आर्त्तवसंग्रहणीय
26. Vatas Salix caprea Bark 8-13 % रक्तस्तम्भन
27. Lajjalu Mimosa pudica Root 9-10 % संिानीय
28. Taruni Rosa centifolia Flower 2 % व्रणरोपक
29. Kadamba Anthocephalus indicus Bark 60-70 % योतनदोषहर
30. Ashoka Saraca asoca Bark 6 % आर्त्तवसंग्रहणीय

71. Sno. Plant Botanical name Plant part tannin in % Tannin role acc. To P.V. sharma
(द्रव्य क
े कर्म)
31. Vatt Ficus bengalensis Bark 11 % मूत्रसंग्रहणीय
32. Pipal Ficus religiosa Bark 4 % मूत्रसंग्रहणीय
33. Ubumdar Ficus glomerata Bark 14 % मूत्रसंग्रहणीय
34. Shirish Albizzia lebbeck Bark 7 – 11% क
ु ष्ठघ्न
35. Shisam Dalbergia sisoo Fruit , root 2 % स्तम्भन
36. Arjun Terminelia arjuna Bark 15-16 % व्रणरोपक , श्वेत- रक्त प्रदर में
उपयोगी
37. Vijaysara Pterocarpus marsupium Heartwood 70-80 % मिुमेहहर , योतनदोषहर
38. Khadir Acacia catechu Heart wood 50 % क
ु ष्ठघ्न
व्रणरोपक
39. Parish Thespesia populnea Bark 7-8 % संिानीय, मूत्रसंग्रहणीय

72. Conclusion
• In nutshell, it is concluded that a wide range of
plant-based food products contain a significant
amount of the tannins, which may possess both
positive and negative effect (depending upon
dose).
• However, the negative effects of tannins can
be dis-counted over the numerous health
benefits it offers.
• Thus, tannins can be considered as a boon
rather than a bane.