PHYSICAL EDUCATION 11 - Identifying the Risk Factors in Life Learning Outcome ○ Understand the different risks of teenagers ○ Inform the negative effects of teenagers bad habits.

1. Health-Related
Behavior
and
Health Risk Factor
Marvin B. Broñoso
PE & HEALTH TEACHER
09186975164

2. Health Behavior
Well behavior
Symptom-based behavior
Sick-role behavior

3. ACTIVITY
 Write out the following quote and respond by telling me what
you think it means and if you agree with it or not and tell me
why.
“We are free to choose our paths, but
we can't choose the consequences that
come with them.”

4. Behaviors
 Behavior
 The way you act or choose to act in a situation.
 Behaviors can be healthful, or they can put you or others at risk.
 They can be learned and become habit.
 Healthful behaviors
 Behaviors that promote health, prevent injury and premature
death, and improve the quality of the environment.
 It is more beneficial to your health status to learn and practice
healthful behaviors.

5. Identifying Health Risks
 Every day you are faced with some degree of risk.
 What kinds of risks do you face on a daily basis?
 Risk behaviors – actions that can potentially threaten your
health or the health of others.
 It is important to recognize that you can control most risk behaviors.
 By understanding the risks associated with certain
behaviors, you can make safe and responsible decisions
about which risks to avoid.

6. Risks and Consequences
 Risk behaviors carry significant consequences. Both the short-term
and long-term consequences can harm your health.
 Before you engage in risk behaviors, its important to evaluate the
consequences.
 For example, smoking can have immediate health consequences, such as bad
breath, yellow teeth, and headaches. The long-term consequences of smoking
can include lung cancer, emphysema, and heart disease.
 Risks can add up over time. Cumulative risks are related risks that
increase in effect with each added risk.
 For example, eating an occasional high-fat meal at a fast food restaurant
probably won’t permanently affect your overall health. However, if you
regularly eat high-fat meals, the negative affects accumulate and could lead to
serious health problems.

7. Top Ten Teen Risk Behaviors
 Alcohol & Cigarette
 STD’s
 Obesity
 Depression, Stress & Anxiety
 Addiction to computers and
gadgets. (inactivity)
 Eating Disorders
 Drug Abuse
 Teen Pregnancy
 Anemia
 Diabetes

9. CIGARETTE AND ALCOHOL
 When you smoke, the poisons from the tar in your
cigarettes enter your blood. These poisons in your
blood then:
Make your blood thicker, and increase chances of
clot formation
Increase your blood pressure and heart rate, making
your heart work harder than normal
Narrow your arteries, reducing the amount of
oxygen rich blood circulating to your organs.

10. CIGARETTE AND ALCOHOL
 CIGARETTE DAMAGE YOUR . . .
1. HEART
Smoking damages your heart and your blood circulation,
increasing the risk of conditions such as coronary heart
disease, heart attack, stroke, peripheral vascular disease
(damaged blood vessels) and cerebrovascular disease
(damaged arteries that supply blood to your brain).
Carbon monoxide from the smoke and nicotine both put a
strain on the heart by making it work faster. They also
increase your risk of blood clots. Other chemicals in cigarette
smoke damage the lining of your coronary arteries, leading to
furring of the arteries.

11. CIGARETTE AND ALCOHOL
 CIGARETTE DAMAGE YOUR . . .
2. STOMACH
Smokers have an increased chance of getting stomach
cancer or ulcers. Smoking can weaken the muscle that
controls the lower end of your gullet (oesophagus) and
allow acid from the stomach to travel in the wrong
direction back up your gullet, a process known as reflux.

12. CIGARETTE AND ALCOHOL
 CIGARETTE DAMAGE YOUR . . .
3. Skin
Smoking reduces the amount of oxygen that gets to
your skin. This means that if you smoke, your skin ages
more quickly and looks grey and dull. The toxins in your
body also cause cellulite.

13. CIGARETTE AND ALCOHOL
 CIGARETTE DAMAGE YOUR . . .
4. Bone
Smoking can cause your bones to become weak and
brittle. Women need to be especially careful as they are
more likely to suffer from brittle bones (osteoporosis) than
non-smokers.

14. CIGARETTE AND ALCOHOL
 CIGARETTE DAMAGE YOUR . . .
5. Brain
If you smoke, you are more likely to have a stroke than
someone who doesn't smoke.
In fact, smoking increases your risk of having a stroke by
at least 50%, which can cause brain damage and death.
And, by smoking, you double your risk of dying from a
stroke.

15. CIGARETTE AND ALCOHOL
 CIGARETTE DAMAGE YOUR . . .
6. Lungs
our lungs can be very badly affected by smoking. Coughs,
colds, wheezing and asthma are just the start. Smoking can
cause fatal diseases such as pneumonia, emphysema and
lung cancer. Smoking causes 84% of deaths from lung cancer
and 83% of deaths from chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD).

16. CIGARETTE AND ALCOHOL
 CIGARETTE DAMAGE YOUR . . .
7. Mouth and Throat
smoking causes unattractive problems such as bad breath and
stained teeth, and can also cause gum disease and damage your sense
of taste.
The most serious damage smoking causes in your mouth and throat
is an increased risk of cancer in your lips, tongue, throat, voice box
and gullet (oesophagus). More than 93% of oropharyngeal cancers
(cancer in part of the throat) are caused by smoking.

17. ALCOHOL EFFECT

18. CIGARETTE AND ALCOHOL
 ALCOHOL EFFECTS:
1. BRAIN
Alcohol interferes with the brain’s communication
pathways, and can affect the way the brain looks
and works. These disruptions can change mood and
behavior, and make it harder to think clearly and
move with coordination.

19. CIGARETTE AND ALCOHOL
 ALCOHOL EFFECTS:
2. LIVER
Heavy drinking takes a toll on the liver, and can
lead to a variety of problems and liver
inflammations including.
 Steatosis, or fatty liver
 Alcoholic hepatitis
 Fibrosis
 Cirrhosis

20. CIGARETTE AND ALCOHOL
 ALCOHOL EFFECTS:
3. PANCREAS
Alcohol causes the pancreas to produce toxic
substances that can eventually lead to pancreatitis,
a dangerous inflammation and swelling of the blood
vessels in the pancreas that prevents proper
digestion.

21. CIGARETTE AND ALCOHOL
 ALCOHOL EFFECTS:
4. CANCER
Drinking too much alcohol can increase your risk of
developing certain cancers, including cancers of the:
Mouth
Esophagus
Throat
Liver
Breast

22. CIGARETTE AND ALCOHOL
 ALCOHOL EFFECTS:
5. IMMUNE SYSTEM
Drinking too much can weaken your immune
system, making your body a much easier target for
disease. Chronic drinkers are more liable to
contract diseases like pneumonia and tuberculosis
than people who do not drink too much. Drinking a
lot on a single occasion slows your body’s ability to
ward off infections – even up to 24 hours after
getting drunk.

24. SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE
STDs are infections that are passed from one
person to another during vaginal, anal, and oral
sex. They’re really common, and lots of people
who have them don’t have any symptoms. STDs
can be dangerous, but the good news is that
getting tested is no big deal, and most STDs are
easy to treat.

25. Chlamydia
A very common STD caused by a
bacterial infection. Often doesn’t
have symptoms, but easy to treat
once it’s diagnosed.

26. GENITAL WARTS
Growths on the genital area and
around the anus. Caused by certain
types of HPV.

27. GONORRHEA
A common STD caused by a
bacterial infection. Often
doesn’t have symptoms, but
easy to treat once it’s
diagnosed.

28. HERPES
A common STD that infects
your mouth and/or genitals.
Causes blistery sores. There’s
no cure, but symptoms are
treatable.

29. Scabies
Scabies are tiny parasites that
cause itching. Passed through
skin-to-skin contact, usually
during sex. Can be cured.

30. SYPHILIS
Syphilis is a common bacterial
infection. It’s easily cured
with medicine, but it can be
dangerous if you don’t treat
it.

31. HPV (Human Papilomavirus)
A super common STD. HPV is
usually harmless and goes
away by itself, but some types
can lead to cancer

32. OBESITY
 A term that means you have a
body mass index (BMI) of 30 or
higher. It makes you more likely
to have conditions including:
○ Heart disease and stroke
○ Highblood pressure
○ Diabetes
○ Gallbladder disease and Gallstone
○ Osteoarthritis
○ Gout

33. DEPRESSION
 Depression is a common mental disorder that causes
people to experience depressed mood, loss of
interest or pleasure, feelings of guilt or low self-
worth, disturbed sleep or appetite, low energy, and
poor concentration.
 Depression is different from feeling down or sad.
Unhappiness is something which everyone feels at one
time or another, usually due to a particular cause. A
person experiencing depression will experience
intense emotions of anxiety, hopelessness,
negativity and helplessness, and the feelings stay
with them instead of going away.

34. PC & GADGET ADDICTION
 If you regularly spend more time on the computer
than you intend to, experience distress because
of the computer, or if your computer use
interferes with your obligations then you could be
suffering from an addiction to the computer.
Although computer addiction is a relatively new
problem, there are effective treatments that can
help people who are addicted to computer
understand their addiction and regain control of
their lives.

35. WHAT IS COMPUTER ADDICTION?
 This addiction is characterized by an excessive desire and
subsequent use of the internet or the computer that
results in negative consequences socially, financially,
physically, emotionally or otherwise for the user. A
preoccupation with computers can lead to problems with
relationships, problems with productivity or problems with
self-care and hygiene.
 It’s important to recognize that not all people who spend
hours each day on the computer are considered addicted.
There are many uses for computers and the internet and
in many cases, an individual may spend 6 or more hours in
a day on the computer but still not be considered an
addict. Each individual situation is different and
therefore, there is no set number of hours that is (or is
not) considered a potential for computer addiction.

36. Look out for these signs of computer
addiction:
 preoccupation with the computer either online or offline
 feeling a burning desire to go online or to use the
computer to play a game, to socialize or to develop
programming codes
 spending time on the computer despite family functions
taking place, special events or other activities that you
were once happy to be a part of
 performing actions on the computer that are outside the
realm of what your original plans were such as shopping
online when you should be working or playing a game
when you should be doing homework

37. Look out for these signs of computer
addiction:
 telling lies to your family about the activities that you
perform while on the computer, such as saying that you
are working on homework when you are actually playing a
game
 having anxious feelings when you want to use the
computer, know you will be able to use the computer or
know that your use of the computer will be limited
 mood swings or irritability when you are not allowed to
spend as much time on the computer as you would like to
or if your computer time is interrupted
 telling yourself that you will get off the computer at a
certain time and then spending more time than you
committed

38. EFFECTS OF COMPUTER ADDICTION
 inability to interact social except when on the computer
such as online in chat groups or social networking sites.
 inability to experience pleasure when performing tasks
that are not done on a computer. You may not feel relief
or gratification unless you are taking part in a task that
involves using a computer.
 overspending on hardware, software or other computer
items.
 loss of relationships due to spending too much time on the
computer and not enough time with a friend or loved one
 loss of a job due to a lack of productivity because time
was spent on the computer performing other tasks that
provided you with satisfaction

39. EFFECTS OF COMPUTER ADDICTION
 giving up career goals in an effort to spend more time on
the computer.
 lack of productivity on school assignment because you are
distracted by your desire to use the computer.
 feelings of failure because you have tried to control your
computer usage and despite your efforts have failed at
your attempts.
 poor self-esteem because you feel socially inept.
 poor self-hygiene because you are too “busy” with your
involvement with the computer to take time out to
shower, eat, brush your teeth and hair or otherwise take
care of yourself

40. EATING DISORDER
 Eating Disorders describe illnesses that are
characterized by irregular eating habits
and severe distress or concern about body
weight or shape.
 Eating disturbances may include
inadequate or excessive food intake which
can ultimately damage an individual’s
well-being. The most common forms of
eating disorders include Anorexia Nervosa,
Bulimia Nervosa, and Binge Eating Disorder
and affect both females and males.

41. TYPES
ANOREXIA NERVOSA
 The male or female suffering from
anorexia nervosa will typically have an
obsessive fear of gaining weight, refusal to
maintain a healthy body weight and an
unrealistic perception of body image. Many
people with anorexia nervosa will fiercely
limit the quantity of food they consume
and view themselves as overweight, even
when they are clearly underweight.

42. TYPES
BULIMIA NERVOSA
This eating disorder is characterized by
repeated binge eating followed by behaviors
that compensate for the overeating, such as
forced vomiting, excessive exercise, or
extreme use of laxatives or diuretics.

43. TYPES
BINGE EATING DISORDER
Individuals who suffer from Binge Eating
Disorder will frequently lose control over his
or her eating. Different from bulimia nervosa
however, episodes of binge-eating are not
followed by compensatory behaviors, such as
purging, fasting, or excessive exercise.
Because of this, many people suffering from
BED may be obese and at an increased risk of
developing other conditions, such as
cardiovascular disease.

44. CAUSES
 biological factors include:
 Irregular hormone functions
Genetics (the tie between eating disorders
and one’s genes is still being heavily
researched, but we know that genetics is a
part of the story).
Nutritional deficiencies
 Psychological factors include:
Negative body image
Poor self-esteem

45. DRUG ABUSE
 Drug addiction is a serious and expensive
societal problem. Drug addiction is not a
character flaw or a lack of willpower but is
actually a mental illness and should be treated as
a medical issue, just as any other illness. The
commonality among drug addiction definitions,
however, is the inability to stop using the drug in
spite of numerous attempts. The symptoms of
drug addiction include:
 The drug user has developed a drug tolerance, needing
to consume increasingly greater quantities to
experience the desired effect
 The drug user experiences withdrawal symptoms when
not using the drug
 Drug use is continued in spite of harm caused to the
drug user, the drug user's life and the lives of those
around the user

46. TEEN PREGNANCY
 Too often, teens do not seek adequate
medical care during their pregnancy, which
can result in moderate to severe
complications. The more common medical
complications that may occur during a teen
pregnancy include anemia, toxemia, high
blood pressure, placenta previa and
premature birth of the baby.

47. TEEN PREGNANCY
 Other problem during early pregnancy are:
 Medical complications
 Delayed education
 Smoking and Drugs
 Exhaustion
 Depression
 Neglect of baby
 Trouble with finances

48. ANEMIA
 Anemia is a condition in which you don't have enough
healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen to
the body's tissues. Having anemia may make you feel
tired and weak.
 There are many forms of anemia, each with its own
cause. Anemia can be temporary or long term, and it
can range from mild to severe. See your doctor if you
suspect you have anemia because it can be a warning
sign of serious illness.
 Treatments for anemia range from taking supplements
to undergoing medical procedures. You may be able to
prevent some types of anemia by eating a healthy,
varied diet.

49. DIABETES
 iabetes is a disease that occurs when your
blood glucose, also called blood sugar, is too
high. Blood glucose is your main source of
energy and comes from the food you eat.
Insulin, a hormone made by the pancreas,
helps glucose from food get into your cells
to be used for energy. Sometimes your body
doesn’t make enough—or any—insulin or
doesn’t use insulin well. Glucose then stays
in your blood and doesn’t reach your cells.

50. HEALTH PROBLEM
Over time, high blood glucose leads to
problems such as
 heart disease
 stroke
 kidney disease
 eye problems
 dental disease
 nerve damage
 foot problems

51. Recognizing Risk Behaviors
 Risk health behaviors that account for most of the deaths and
disability among young people under age 24.
 These risk factors can lead to heart disease, cancer, and other
serious illnesses later in life:
 Behaviors that contribute to unintentional injuries and violence
 Sexual behaviors that contribute to unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted
diseases, including HIV infection
 Alcohol and other drug use
 Tobacco use
 Unhealthy dietary behaviors
 Inadequate physical activity
 Addiction of computer

52. How to Avoid or Reduce Risks
You can take action to reduce your exposure to
health risks.
You can reduce health risks through
prevention:
Taking steps to keep something from happening or
getting worse.
For example, getting regular medical exams and dental
checkups.

53. How to Avoid or Reduce Risks
Proper diet and exercise.

54. REFERENCES
 https://www.nhs.uk/smokefree/why-quit/smoking-health-problems
 https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/stds-hiv-safer-sex
 https://www.addictions.com/computer/
 https://drugfree.org/article/risk-factors-why-teens-use/
 https://www.livestrong.com/article/1013080-livestrongs-future-food-chef-dinner-
chef-tal-ronnen-impossible-burger/
 http://www.weedist.com/
 https://i0.wp.com/www.jailmedicine.com/
 https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/