1. Photosynthesis occurs in plant leaves through a two-stage process in chloroplasts. Chloroplasts contain thylakoids where the light-dependent reactions occur to produce ATP and NADPH using water, carbon dioxide, and sunlight absorbed by chlorophyll.
2. The light-independent reactions then use ATP and NADPH to produce glucose from carbon dioxide in the chloroplast stroma. Oxygen is released as a byproduct.
3. Stomata on the underside of leaves allow for the intake of carbon dioxide and release of oxygen during photosynthesis, while veins transport water and nutrients throughout the leaf and plant.
Based on ncert and will be suitable for notes. Covers all the domains. In this PPT nutrition is covered and it also describes the structure of chloroplast which is not described in ncert. All the questions whether objective or descriptive are covered. Might be appear lengthy but is suitable for notes.
All the best 👍
It is a process used by plants & other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can be later used by organisms as a fuel. i.e; energy transformation
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2. Remember:
• Organisms that make their own food are
called autotrophs.
• Organisms that can NOT make their
food are called heterotrophs.
3. What do all plants have in
common?
• Cell wall (cellulose)
• Most plant cells contain
chlorophyll
1.Photosynthesis -
process where plants
use chlorophyll and
light to make food.
2.Chlorophyll is found in
a cell structure called a
chloroplast.
• Most of the space is taken
up by a large, membrane-
bound structure called a
central vacuole, which
regulates water content.
5. A plant needs four basic things in order to do
photosynthesis:
1. Water (from the ground)
2. CO2 (from the air)
3. Light (energy)
• white light
• collected by the chloroplasts
4. Chlorophyll (pigment molecule)
• Absorbs light
Photosynthesis
6.
7. What does the plant do with this?
• When the plant gets all of things together
it produces glucose (food)
• can then be distributed throughout the
plant.
• produces O2 as a by-product.
• Heterotrophs can’t do this because they
lack:
• chlorophyll.
8. What is the reaction for
photosynthesis?
Carbon Dioxide + Water Glucose + Oxygen
Light
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
Chlorophyll
9. The Process:
There are 2 stages of
photosynthesis:
1.Light-dependent
• In Thylakoid of
CHLOROPLAST
2. Light independent
• In Stroma of
CHLOROPLAST
• These two stages
reflect the literal
meaning of the term
photosynthesis:
photo = use light
synthesis = to build/make
10. Photosynthesis Summary: 2 Stages
sunlight
required
Energy from sunglight
trapped in bonds of
ATP
Light Reactions
occurs with or
without
sunlight
ATP
used to make
carbohydrates
Dark Reactions
Photosynthesis
13. Leaves
• Key parts:
a. stoma
b. mesophyll cells
c. veins
Stoma
Mesophyll
Cell
Chloroplast
14. Stomata (stoma)
• Pores in a plant’s cuticle through which water
vapor and other gases are exchanged
between the plant and the atmosphere.
Guard CellGuard Cell
Carbon Dioxide
(CO2)
Oxygen
(O2)
16. Chloroplast
• Chloroplast, a structure in the cells of
plants (and algae) where photosynthesis
takes place.
• They occur most abundantly in mesophyll
cells, where they can orient themselves to
light
• They contain saclike photosynthetic
membranes:
– Thylakoids
• Stacked to form Grana
20. A closer look at CHLOROPHYLL
• Molecules of
chlorophyll are
attached to the
thylakoid membranes.
• The light energy
captured by the
chlorophyll is
converted ATP.
– Biochemical pathway
21. • When the light is absorbed, energy is
absorbed too.
22.
23. Visible Spectrum
• The visible spectrum is the light that you
can see. It contains ALL of the colors.
24. • Chlorophyll
pigments harvest
energy (photons) by
absorbing certain
wavelengths (blue-
420 nm and red-660
nm are most
important).
• Plants are green
because the green
wavelength is
reflected, not
absorbed.
29. Veins = Vascular Bundles
• Veins carry water and
nutrients.
• Embedded in leaf
• Occur throughout the
rest of the plant
• Vein = a bundle of
long tubes
– Xylem
– Phloem
