This document discusses different types of cells and organisms. It covers prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, unicellular and multicellular organisms, and the organization of cells into tissues, organs, organ systems and organisms. Specific unicellular eukaryotes are also described, including amoebas, paramecium and euglena. Amoebas move using pseudopods and regulate water levels using a contractile vacuole. Paramecium uses cilia to move and has a mouth and anal pore. Euglena uses a flagellum to move and contains chloroplasts to photosynthesize.

1. BIOLOGY
Unit 2 Notes:
Types of Cells

2. (1) Types of Cells
• Prokaryotic Cells:
Cells without a nucleus.
–Pro = before ; -Karyo = nucleus
–Cells that evolved before a nucleus
• Eukaryotic Cells:
Cells with a nucleus and multiple organelles.
–Eu = true ; -Karyo = nucleus
–Cells with a true nucleus
–*Humans are made with eukaryotic cells.

3. (2) Uni versus Multi
• Unicellular Organisms:
Organisms made of only a single cell.
*Many of the pond water organisms.
• Multicellular Organisms:
Organisms made of trillions of
specialized cells.
*Humans .

4. (3) Organization in
Multicellular Organisms
• Most Basic Level = Atoms & Molecules
–Cells
–Tissues (made of cells)
–Organs (made of tissues)
–Organ Systems (made of organs)
–Organism (made of organ systems)

6. (5) Amoeba
• Eukaryotic, Unicellular Organism.
• Their Unique Structures:
– Pseudopods  Cytoplasm “feet” that allow it to move
around.
– Contractile Vacuole  Regulates water levels.
(4) Amoeba

7. • How Do Amoeba Eat?
– Phagocytosis:
Amoeba hunt for prey (other cells) by surrounding
them and engulfing them.
– Endocytosis:
A process where cells fuse other cells/vacuoles with
their membrane, in order to bring nutrients inside.
– Exocytosis:
A process where cells wrap waste/nutrients in vacuoles
and push them out of their outer-membranes

10. (5) Paramecium
• Eukaryotic, Unicellular Organism
• Unique Structures:
– Cilia  Tiny hair-like structures that beat to move
organism around.
– Mouth Pore  Used to bring food into cell.
– Anal Pore  Used to release waste.
– Contractile Vacuole

13. (6) Euglena
• Eukaryotic, Unicellular Organism.
• Unique Structures:
– Flagellum  Whip-like structure that propels organism
around.
– Chloroplast  Organelle that uses sunlight to produce
sugars and oxygen.
– Stigma  Light detecting structure.
– Contractile Vacuole