The document discusses several key topics in biology including cells, tissues, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, biomes, and the biosphere. It explains that cells are the basic structural and functional units of all life on Earth and can be either prokaryotic or eukaryotic. Tissues, populations, and communities are discussed in the context of multicellular organisms. Ecosystems are natural systems consisting of biotic and abiotic factors in an area, while biomes represent major communities with similar environmental conditions over large geographic areas. Finally, the biosphere encompasses all global ecosystems within the zones of air, land, and water where life exists.

2. Element = all same type of ATOM
• Atom defined by # p+
Ions = change # e-
Isotopes = change # no
Periodic Table = a wealth of information for
all scientists

4. Ionic compounds  dissolve in water to
form AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
•Life processes occur in
aqueous solutions!

5. Nanoscale = between 1-1000 nm
• Usually 1-100 nm
Nanotechnology
• Relates to biomedical research  MEDICINE
• Nanoshells = a
novel drug delivery
system

6. Basic Chemistry
Biochemistry
Nanotechnology
BIOTECHNOLOGY
• Manipulation of DNA,
genes, and
chromosomes

8. Basic structural and functional units of ALL
LIFE ON EARTH!
Vary widely across the six kingdoms of life
(sizes range from 0.1µm to 1 mm!)
Two basic types:
• Prokaryotic = ALL bacteria
• Eukaryotic = ALL other kingdoms
(Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia)

9. Only occurs in organisms that are
multicellular
• NO bacteria have tissue!
• Unicellular life forms do not have tissue!
 Most Protista
 Many Fungi
ALL Plantae and Animalia have tissue!

10. Only occur in complex multicellular
organisms:
• Plantae,
• Animalia,
• some Fungi,
• few Protista

11. An individual living thing.
Can be:
• Unicellular
• Multicellular

12. Complex definition in biology
Generally a biological species is:
• A group of actually or potentially interbreeding
natural populations which are reproductively
isolated from other such groups
• What is a species?
In biology, populations are groups of
individuals belonging to the same species
that live in the same region at the same
time.

13.  A community, also
called biological
community, in biology,
an interacting group of
various species in a
common location.
• For example, a forest
of trees and
undergrowth plants,
inhabited by animals
and rooted in soil
containing bacteria and
fungi, constitutes a
biological community.

14.  An ecosystem is a
natural system consisting
of all plants, animals and
microorganisms (biotic
factors) in an area
functioning together with
all the non-living physical
(abiotic) factors of the
environment
(Christopherson 1997).
 The Ecosystem Concept

15.  Biome, also called major
life zone, the largest
geographic biotic unit, a
major community of plants
and animals with similar
life forms and
environmental conditions.
 It includes various
communities and is
named for the dominant
type of vegetation, such
as grassland or
coniferous forest.

16.  The biosphere is the
zone of air, land and
water where organisms
exist.
 It is commonly known
as the global sum of all
ecosystems and
consists of several
layers including the
atmosphere, the
lithosphere and the
hydrosphere.