Photogrammetry
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Photogrammetry is the science of making reliable measurements using photographs, especially aerial photographs, and has evolved from early uses in surveying to include aerial photography from airplanes, satellite imagery, and most recently drone-derived imagery. It allows the creation of accurate maps and three-dimensional models through the process of extracting measurements from overlapping photographs. Since the Wright brothers' first flight, photogrammetry has advanced from using airplanes to capture early aerial photos for mapping to using satellites and drones to capture imagery on an ever wider scale.
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photogrammetry
Photogrammetry is defined as obtaining reliable information about physical objects and environments through processing photographic images. It has its origins in 1851 when the first photogrammetrical devices and methods were developed. Key developments included the first congress on photogrammetry in 1913 and the rise of digital photogrammetry in the 1980s due to improvements in computer hardware and software. Photogrammetry uses triangulation by taking photos from different locations to develop lines of sight and mathematically intersect them to produce 3D coordinates of points of interest. It has various applications including land surveying, medical imaging, military operations, traffic engineering, and structural analysis.
Historical Development of Photogrammetry
This document summarizes the historical development of photogrammetry. It describes how photogrammetry evolved from early plane table photogrammetry between 1850-1900, to analog photogrammetry between 1900-1960, to analytical photogrammetry between 1960-present. It also discusses how digital photogrammetry is just beginning. The document provides background on important historical figures and developments in the field, including the first uses of aerial photography in the late 19th century and how photogrammetry has been used to create topographic maps since the 1840s.
Historical Development of Photogrammetry
Photogrammetry is the science of obtaining information about physical objects through photographs, without needing direct contact. It involves measuring and analyzing captured images. The name comes from Greek roots meaning "light", "drawing", and "to measure". Key developments included using photography for mapmaking in the 1840s-1850s, the photogrammetric stereoplotter in the 1890s, and aerial photography from balloons and planes in the 1860s-1900s, advancing the field into the digital era.
Aerial photogrammetry vs. terrestrial photogrammetry
The photogrammetry is broadly classified into two types as Aerial Photogrammetry and Terrestrial Photogrammetry. Aerial and Terrestrial photogrammetry are used for mapping and measurement related issues. Aerial is far range & terrestrial is close range photogrammetry
Photogrammetry 101
This document provides an overview of photogrammetry, including its history from 1839 to present day uses of aerial imagery and digital sensors. Key aspects covered include accuracy standards, aerial imagery collection and sensor types, ground control, analytical triangulation to tie imagery together, stereo compilation for mapping, collection of planimetric and topographic data, digital orthophotography, and common data formats. Photogrammetry involves estimating real-world coordinates for ground objects based on perspective and sensor location in two or more images.
Photographic survey
PRESENTATION BASED ON DETAILED INFORMATION ABOUT PHOTOGRAMMETRY ONE OF THE IMPORTANT TOPICS OF SURVEYING.
Photogrammetry 1.
The document provides an overview of photogrammetry, which is the science and technology of obtaining reliable spatial information about physical objects and the environment through analyzing photographs. It discusses the different types of photogrammetry including aerial/spaceborne photogrammetry and close-range photogrammetry. It also summarizes the key techniques, applications, and products of photogrammetry such as digital terrain models, orthophotos, and 3D models.
Photogrammetry
Photogrammetry is the science of obtaining information about physical objects through images. It involves mapping terrain from aerial photographs. Key points:
- Aerial photography is the most common and effective method for large-scale topographic mapping. Photogrammetry is used by the U.S. Geological Survey and for various applications like engineering projects.
- Precise 3D measurements can be made from stereo pairs of photographs using a stereoplotter. Control points are also needed from field surveys.
- Factors like terrain, camera focal length, flying height, overlap, and scale must be considered to plan a photogrammetry project. Proper planning is required to efficiently capture needed imagery and produce accurate maps.
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photogrammetry
Photogrammetry is defined as obtaining reliable information about physical objects and environments through processing photographic images. It has its origins in 1851 when the first photogrammetrical devices and methods were developed. Key developments included the first congress on photogrammetry in 1913 and the rise of digital photogrammetry in the 1980s due to improvements in computer hardware and software. Photogrammetry uses triangulation by taking photos from different locations to develop lines of sight and mathematically intersect them to produce 3D coordinates of points of interest. It has various applications including land surveying, medical imaging, military operations, traffic engineering, and structural analysis.
Historical Development of Photogrammetry
This document summarizes the historical development of photogrammetry. It describes how photogrammetry evolved from early plane table photogrammetry between 1850-1900, to analog photogrammetry between 1900-1960, to analytical photogrammetry between 1960-present. It also discusses how digital photogrammetry is just beginning. The document provides background on important historical figures and developments in the field, including the first uses of aerial photography in the late 19th century and how photogrammetry has been used to create topographic maps since the 1840s.
Historical Development of Photogrammetry
Photogrammetry is the science of obtaining information about physical objects through photographs, without needing direct contact. It involves measuring and analyzing captured images. The name comes from Greek roots meaning "light", "drawing", and "to measure". Key developments included using photography for mapmaking in the 1840s-1850s, the photogrammetric stereoplotter in the 1890s, and aerial photography from balloons and planes in the 1860s-1900s, advancing the field into the digital era.
Aerial photogrammetry vs. terrestrial photogrammetry
The photogrammetry is broadly classified into two types as Aerial Photogrammetry and Terrestrial Photogrammetry. Aerial and Terrestrial photogrammetry are used for mapping and measurement related issues. Aerial is far range & terrestrial is close range photogrammetry
Photogrammetry 101
This document provides an overview of photogrammetry, including its history from 1839 to present day uses of aerial imagery and digital sensors. Key aspects covered include accuracy standards, aerial imagery collection and sensor types, ground control, analytical triangulation to tie imagery together, stereo compilation for mapping, collection of planimetric and topographic data, digital orthophotography, and common data formats. Photogrammetry involves estimating real-world coordinates for ground objects based on perspective and sensor location in two or more images.
Photographic survey
PRESENTATION BASED ON DETAILED INFORMATION ABOUT PHOTOGRAMMETRY ONE OF THE IMPORTANT TOPICS OF SURVEYING.
Photogrammetry 1.
The document provides an overview of photogrammetry, which is the science and technology of obtaining reliable spatial information about physical objects and the environment through analyzing photographs. It discusses the different types of photogrammetry including aerial/spaceborne photogrammetry and close-range photogrammetry. It also summarizes the key techniques, applications, and products of photogrammetry such as digital terrain models, orthophotos, and 3D models.
Photogrammetry
Photogrammetry is the science of obtaining information about physical objects through images. It involves mapping terrain from aerial photographs. Key points:
- Aerial photography is the most common and effective method for large-scale topographic mapping. Photogrammetry is used by the U.S. Geological Survey and for various applications like engineering projects.
- Precise 3D measurements can be made from stereo pairs of photographs using a stereoplotter. Control points are also needed from field surveys.
- Factors like terrain, camera focal length, flying height, overlap, and scale must be considered to plan a photogrammetry project. Proper planning is required to efficiently capture needed imagery and produce accurate maps.
Presentation
This document provides an overview of photogrammetry. It discusses that photogrammetry is a branch of surveying that uses photographs taken from aircraft or the ground to indirectly measure and map objects. The first uses of photogrammetry date back to 1840, but airplanes in the early 1900s greatly advanced the technique. Photogrammetry can be aerial or terrestrial, and has advantages like being cost-effective for large areas and allowing access to dangerous or inaccessible locations. It requires experienced staff and good weather conditions.
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The document discusses photogrammetry workflows for capturing exterior and interior architectural spaces. It covers topics such as photogrammetry basics, data capture including vehicle payloads and mission planning, data processing software options, and output formats including point clouds, 3D meshes, and methods for integrating the data into BIM platforms. Sample projects demonstrate the process and potential applications like clash detection and virtual tours are presented.
Height measurement of aerial photograph
This document discusses three methods for measuring height from aerial photographs: relief displacement, shadow length, and stereoscopic parallax. Relief displacement measures height by how far an object is shifted from its true position in an aerial photo due to its elevation. Shadow length measures height by using the length of an object's shadow and the sun angle. Stereoscopic parallax measures height by comparing the difference in an object's position between two overlapping aerial photos taken from different positions. Formulas are provided for calculating height from measurements obtained using each of these three methods.
Introduction of photogrammetry
This document provides an overview of photogrammetry, including a brief history of aerial photography, definitions of key terms, and descriptions of different types of photogrammetry and imaging. It discusses the general photogrammetric process and products that can be created. Specific topics covered include the development of aerial photography from the 1850s onwards, definitions of photogrammetry, close range, terrestrial, aerial, and space photogrammetry, types of aerial images, photogrammetric mapping techniques, and historical photogrammetric plotting instruments.
Photogrammetry Surveying, its Benefits & Drawbacks
Learn the Photogrammetry Surveying and benefits-drawbacks of photogrammetry. Photogrammetry is the process of generating a 3D model from a set of 2D photographs. In Surveying, this is done by taking two or more images of the same point from different angles
Aerial photographs and their interpretation
Aerial photographs provide valuable information about the coastal and terrestrial environment when interpreted correctly. Vertical aerial photographs can be used to update existing maps and create new maps. Simple instruments can be used to correct horizontal distortion in aerial photographs and transfer information to line maps. More advanced photogrammetric equipment is required to correct for height displacement. Stereoscopic analysis of overlapping aerial photographs allows for three-dimensional interpretation of terrain and features.
Remote sensing
Remote sensing involves observing the Earth from a distance using aerial photographs or satellite imagery. Aerial photographs provide detailed views from low altitudes but limited coverage, while satellite images offer global coverage but less detail. Remote sensing data can be used to map features, monitor changes over time, and classify land cover by analyzing spectral signatures from multi-spectral imagery. Digital tools allow remote sensing data to be manipulated for 3D modeling and analysis in geographic information systems.
Photogrammetry chandu
Photogrammetry is a technique for obtaining reliable spatial information about physical objects through analyzing photographs. It involves taking overlapping aerial photographs from aircraft and processing them using software to extract 3D spatial data like digital elevation models, contours, and orthophotos. The key aspects are that it is precise, cost-effective, produces 3D representations, and relies on established algorithms to extract data from overlapping photos with less manual effort than traditional surveying methods.
Photogrammetry chandu
Photogrammetry is a technique for obtaining reliable spatial information about physical objects through the processes of recording, measuring, and interpreting image data. It involves taking overlapping aerial photographs from aircraft and processing them to generate digital elevation models, contours, orthophotos, and other geospatial data products. The outputs can be used to create 3D models and accurate maps.
Lecture 08 tilted photograph
This document discusses tilted aerial photographs. It begins by defining tilted photographs as those where the camera axis is slightly angled from vertical when capturing the image, usually by less than 3 degrees. It then introduces exterior orientation parameters (EOPs) that define the spatial position and angular orientation of each photograph. Two systems for defining angular orientation are described: tilt-swing-azimuth and omega-phi-kappa. Perspective projection and how it relates 3D objects to their 2D image is also overviewed. The remainder of the document discusses how to calculate scale on tilted photographs based on factors like tilt, swing, height, and elevation.
Close range Photogrammeetry
The document discusses the science and techniques of photogrammetry. Photogrammetry involves deriving precise 3D coordinates of points by viewing an area from two angles and mathematically intersecting converging lines in space. It allows for the creation of accurate 3D models, textured models, and dense surface models from photographs for applications like measurements, visualization, and meshing. The process involves camera calibration, data acquisition through stereo or all-directional photography, feature marking, orientation, idealization, point cloud generation, meshing, surface generation, texturing, and exporting the 3D data.
01 introdcution to photogrammetry
Definition – History – Types of Photographs– Taking Aerial vertical Photographs – Uses of Photogrammetry – Todays’ applications.
Stereoscopic vision
This document discusses stereoscopic vision and its use in aerial photo interpretation. Stereoscopic vision involves using binocular vision to view overlapping photos from two camera positions to perceive 3D depth. Various stereoscopes can be used, like lens stereoscopes suitable for field use. Key measurements for determining object heights from stereo pairs include the average photo base length and differential parallax. Precise stereoplotters and software can digitally recreate stereo models for mapping. Orthophotos rectify photos to show objects in true planimetric positions.
Lecture 6 vertical photographs
This document provides an overview of vertical photographs in photogrammetry. It discusses key assumptions and definitions for vertical photographs, including that the optical axis is exactly vertical [1]. Near-vertical photographs can have small intentional tilts of 1-3 degrees [2]. Geometry, scale, relief displacement, and methods for determining flying height from vertical photographs are described through examples [3].
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Two European Satellites (TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X), independent of the atmospheric conditions and capture the images in day or night.
Photogrammetry
Photogrammetry is the technique of obtaining reliable spatial information about physical objects through analyzing photographs. It involves taking overlapping aerial photographs from an elevated position and processing them using software to extract 3D spatial data and produce accurate maps, models and measurements. The key outputs of photogrammetry include digital elevation models (DEMs), digital terrain models (DTMs), contour maps, orthophotos and 3D city models. Photogrammetry provides precise, cost-effective representations of geographic features and terrain.
Height measurement of aerial photography
This document discusses various methods for measuring height from aerial photographs:
1. Relief displacement - The shift in location of an object in a photo due to its height. Height can be calculated using the object's displacement, flying height, and distance from the photo center.
2. Shadow length - An object's height is calculated using the length of its shadow, the sun's angle, and trigonometric functions.
3. Stereoscopic parallax - Taking photos of the same object from different positions and measuring the difference in the object's position between photos. Differential and absolute parallax values are used to calculate height.
Lecture01: Introduction to Photogrammetry
This is an introduction to Photogrammetry. Lectures prepared for Duhok University's students, surveyign Department.
Photogrammetry
Photogrammetry is a technique for measuring objects from photographs. It involves taking aerial photographs from an aircraft or ground positions and using the photos to indirectly measure objects and map terrain. Key steps in the photogrammetric process include image acquisition, establishing ground control points, aerial triangulation to determine photo orientation, stereo compilation to map features, and quality control checks of the final maps. Photogrammetry is useful for mapping large or inaccessible areas and produces digital products like orthophotos and terrain models. It is cost-effective for surveying wide areas but may not be suitable if higher accuracy is required or the scope of work is too small.
Principles of photogrammetry
This document summarizes the principles of photogrammetry. It discusses the basic elements of photogrammetry including obtaining quantitative information from aerial photographs. It covers topics such as photographic scale, horizontal ground coordinates, relief displacement, exterior orientation of tilted photographs, stereoscopic vision, and the geometry of aerial stereophotographs. The purpose is to provide background information and references to support standards and guidelines for photogrammetric mapping.
Photogrammetry- Surveying
Photogrammetry is the science of making measurements from photographs, especially to determine the exact positions of surface points. It involves planning and taking photographs, processing the photographs, and measuring the photographs to produce results like maps. Photogrammetry can be used for topographic surveys, engineering surveys, geological mapping, and urban and regional planning applications. There are two main types of photographs used in photogrammetry: terrestrial photographs taken from fixed positions on the ground using a phototheodolite, and aerial photographs taken from an aerial camera mounted on an aircraft.
Aerial mapping services
EagleLens provides advanced aerial mapping, photography, and imaging services using drone technology. They create high-accuracy topographic maps, orthomosaic maps, and 3D models for construction, engineering, and environmental assessment. EagleLens also offers agricultural services using thermal imaging to identify healthy and distressed plants, and aerial photography for commercial buildings, homes, and events. They are located in San Diego and can be contacted via phone, email, or their website.
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Presentation
This document provides an overview of photogrammetry. It discusses that photogrammetry is a branch of surveying that uses photographs taken from aircraft or the ground to indirectly measure and map objects. The first uses of photogrammetry date back to 1840, but airplanes in the early 1900s greatly advanced the technique. Photogrammetry can be aerial or terrestrial, and has advantages like being cost-effective for large areas and allowing access to dangerous or inaccessible locations. It requires experienced staff and good weather conditions.
Photogrammetry for Architecture and Construction
The document discusses photogrammetry workflows for capturing exterior and interior architectural spaces. It covers topics such as photogrammetry basics, data capture including vehicle payloads and mission planning, data processing software options, and output formats including point clouds, 3D meshes, and methods for integrating the data into BIM platforms. Sample projects demonstrate the process and potential applications like clash detection and virtual tours are presented.
Height measurement of aerial photograph
This document discusses three methods for measuring height from aerial photographs: relief displacement, shadow length, and stereoscopic parallax. Relief displacement measures height by how far an object is shifted from its true position in an aerial photo due to its elevation. Shadow length measures height by using the length of an object's shadow and the sun angle. Stereoscopic parallax measures height by comparing the difference in an object's position between two overlapping aerial photos taken from different positions. Formulas are provided for calculating height from measurements obtained using each of these three methods.
Introduction of photogrammetry
This document provides an overview of photogrammetry, including a brief history of aerial photography, definitions of key terms, and descriptions of different types of photogrammetry and imaging. It discusses the general photogrammetric process and products that can be created. Specific topics covered include the development of aerial photography from the 1850s onwards, definitions of photogrammetry, close range, terrestrial, aerial, and space photogrammetry, types of aerial images, photogrammetric mapping techniques, and historical photogrammetric plotting instruments.
Photogrammetry Surveying, its Benefits & Drawbacks
Learn the Photogrammetry Surveying and benefits-drawbacks of photogrammetry. Photogrammetry is the process of generating a 3D model from a set of 2D photographs. In Surveying, this is done by taking two or more images of the same point from different angles
Aerial photographs and their interpretation
Aerial photographs provide valuable information about the coastal and terrestrial environment when interpreted correctly. Vertical aerial photographs can be used to update existing maps and create new maps. Simple instruments can be used to correct horizontal distortion in aerial photographs and transfer information to line maps. More advanced photogrammetric equipment is required to correct for height displacement. Stereoscopic analysis of overlapping aerial photographs allows for three-dimensional interpretation of terrain and features.
Remote sensing
Remote sensing involves observing the Earth from a distance using aerial photographs or satellite imagery. Aerial photographs provide detailed views from low altitudes but limited coverage, while satellite images offer global coverage but less detail. Remote sensing data can be used to map features, monitor changes over time, and classify land cover by analyzing spectral signatures from multi-spectral imagery. Digital tools allow remote sensing data to be manipulated for 3D modeling and analysis in geographic information systems.
Photogrammetry chandu
Photogrammetry is a technique for obtaining reliable spatial information about physical objects through analyzing photographs. It involves taking overlapping aerial photographs from aircraft and processing them using software to extract 3D spatial data like digital elevation models, contours, and orthophotos. The key aspects are that it is precise, cost-effective, produces 3D representations, and relies on established algorithms to extract data from overlapping photos with less manual effort than traditional surveying methods.
Photogrammetry chandu
Photogrammetry is a technique for obtaining reliable spatial information about physical objects through the processes of recording, measuring, and interpreting image data. It involves taking overlapping aerial photographs from aircraft and processing them to generate digital elevation models, contours, orthophotos, and other geospatial data products. The outputs can be used to create 3D models and accurate maps.
Lecture 08 tilted photograph
This document discusses tilted aerial photographs. It begins by defining tilted photographs as those where the camera axis is slightly angled from vertical when capturing the image, usually by less than 3 degrees. It then introduces exterior orientation parameters (EOPs) that define the spatial position and angular orientation of each photograph. Two systems for defining angular orientation are described: tilt-swing-azimuth and omega-phi-kappa. Perspective projection and how it relates 3D objects to their 2D image is also overviewed. The remainder of the document discusses how to calculate scale on tilted photographs based on factors like tilt, swing, height, and elevation.
Close range Photogrammeetry
The document discusses the science and techniques of photogrammetry. Photogrammetry involves deriving precise 3D coordinates of points by viewing an area from two angles and mathematically intersecting converging lines in space. It allows for the creation of accurate 3D models, textured models, and dense surface models from photographs for applications like measurements, visualization, and meshing. The process involves camera calibration, data acquisition through stereo or all-directional photography, feature marking, orientation, idealization, point cloud generation, meshing, surface generation, texturing, and exporting the 3D data.
01 introdcution to photogrammetry
Definition – History – Types of Photographs– Taking Aerial vertical Photographs – Uses of Photogrammetry – Todays’ applications.
Stereoscopic vision
This document discusses stereoscopic vision and its use in aerial photo interpretation. Stereoscopic vision involves using binocular vision to view overlapping photos from two camera positions to perceive 3D depth. Various stereoscopes can be used, like lens stereoscopes suitable for field use. Key measurements for determining object heights from stereo pairs include the average photo base length and differential parallax. Precise stereoplotters and software can digitally recreate stereo models for mapping. Orthophotos rectify photos to show objects in true planimetric positions.
Lecture 6 vertical photographs
This document provides an overview of vertical photographs in photogrammetry. It discusses key assumptions and definitions for vertical photographs, including that the optical axis is exactly vertical [1]. Near-vertical photographs can have small intentional tilts of 1-3 degrees [2]. Geometry, scale, relief displacement, and methods for determining flying height from vertical photographs are described through examples [3].
TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X
Two European Satellites (TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X), independent of the atmospheric conditions and capture the images in day or night.
Photogrammetry
Photogrammetry is the technique of obtaining reliable spatial information about physical objects through analyzing photographs. It involves taking overlapping aerial photographs from an elevated position and processing them using software to extract 3D spatial data and produce accurate maps, models and measurements. The key outputs of photogrammetry include digital elevation models (DEMs), digital terrain models (DTMs), contour maps, orthophotos and 3D city models. Photogrammetry provides precise, cost-effective representations of geographic features and terrain.
Height measurement of aerial photography
This document discusses various methods for measuring height from aerial photographs:
1. Relief displacement - The shift in location of an object in a photo due to its height. Height can be calculated using the object's displacement, flying height, and distance from the photo center.
2. Shadow length - An object's height is calculated using the length of its shadow, the sun's angle, and trigonometric functions.
3. Stereoscopic parallax - Taking photos of the same object from different positions and measuring the difference in the object's position between photos. Differential and absolute parallax values are used to calculate height.
Lecture01: Introduction to Photogrammetry
This is an introduction to Photogrammetry. Lectures prepared for Duhok University's students, surveyign Department.
Photogrammetry
Photogrammetry is a technique for measuring objects from photographs. It involves taking aerial photographs from an aircraft or ground positions and using the photos to indirectly measure objects and map terrain. Key steps in the photogrammetric process include image acquisition, establishing ground control points, aerial triangulation to determine photo orientation, stereo compilation to map features, and quality control checks of the final maps. Photogrammetry is useful for mapping large or inaccessible areas and produces digital products like orthophotos and terrain models. It is cost-effective for surveying wide areas but may not be suitable if higher accuracy is required or the scope of work is too small.
Principles of photogrammetry
This document summarizes the principles of photogrammetry. It discusses the basic elements of photogrammetry including obtaining quantitative information from aerial photographs. It covers topics such as photographic scale, horizontal ground coordinates, relief displacement, exterior orientation of tilted photographs, stereoscopic vision, and the geometry of aerial stereophotographs. The purpose is to provide background information and references to support standards and guidelines for photogrammetric mapping.
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Photogrammetry Surveying, its Benefits & Drawbacks
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Photogrammetry is the science of making measurements from photographs, especially to determine the exact positions of surface points. It involves planning and taking photographs, processing the photographs, and measuring the photographs to produce results like maps. Photogrammetry can be used for topographic surveys, engineering surveys, geological mapping, and urban and regional planning applications. There are two main types of photographs used in photogrammetry: terrestrial photographs taken from fixed positions on the ground using a phototheodolite, and aerial photographs taken from an aerial camera mounted on an aircraft.
Aerial mapping services
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basics for flying a drone, Safety and Security and legal aspects
basics to prepare an autonomous flight
concrete steps to prepare and fly the mission
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practical aspects about photogrammetry, especially stereo photogrammetry
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Photogrammetry1
Photogrammetry is a technique for measuring objects using photographs without touching them. It involves taking photographs from different positions and using triangulation to determine the three-dimensional coordinates of points on the objects. The main principle is triangulation, which allows lines of sight from camera positions to be intersected to calculate 3D coordinates. Photogrammetry has been used since the 1850s and has evolved with improvements in computing power to allow digital photogrammetry techniques. It can be used for close-range terrestrial applications or long-range aerial applications.
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Aerial photography and photogrammetry are techniques used in remote sensing. Aerial photography involves taking photographs from aircraft and has been used since the 1850s. Photogrammetry uses photographs to measure and obtain spatial information about the objects and terrain photographed. It allows for the creation of topographic maps, cadastral maps, and large-scale construction plans more quickly and economically than traditional ground-based surveying. While aerial photography and photogrammetry provide advantages over field surveys, some on-site control and verification is still needed.
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Photogrammetry is the science of obtaining reliable measurements from photographs. There are three main techniques: aerial, using vertically downward photos from planes or satellites; terrestrial, using horizontal photos on the ground; and industrial, adapting terrestrial techniques to small areas. Aerial photos are used for topographic mapping, cadastral plans, land use maps, and hydrographic charts. Stereo plotters allow precise 3D measurement and analysis from stereo photo pairs. Photogrammetry has many applications beyond traditional surveying, including traffic accident reconstruction, medical imaging, and analysis of surface movement.
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Louis: TIROS-1
The launching of TIROS-1, the first weather satellite, in 1960 proved that satellites could successfully observe weather patterns from space. TIROS-1 took over 22,000 pictures in its 78 days in orbit, helping meteorologists better understand weather systems. This satellite launch opened the door to modern satellite observation technology and improved weather forecasting. Today, polar-orbiting and geostationary satellites continue monitoring global weather and environmental conditions. Modern satellites also support GPS navigation and emergency beacons, influencing many aspects of modern life from transportation and communications to search and rescue operations.
Imagination innovation space exploration
An interactive DBQ by Mollie Pettit explores the question: What is the relationship between imagination and innovation within the context of space travel? A chapter excerpt from Exploring History Vol IV. http://bit.ly/2iyHMaX
A Review- Remote Sensing
Now-a-days the field of Remote Sensing and GIS has become exciting and glamorous with rapidly expanding opportunities. Many organizations spend large amounts of money on these fields. Here the question arises why these fields are so important in recent years. Two main reasons are there behind this. 1) Now-a-days scientists, researchers, students, and even common people are showing great interest for better understanding of our environment. By environment we mean the geographic space of their study area and the events that take place there. In other words, we have come to realize that geographic space along with the data describing it, is part of our everyday world; almost every decision we take is influenced or dictated by some fact of geography. 2) Advancement in sophisticated space technology (which can provide large volume of spatial data), along with declining costs of computer hardware and software (which can handle these data) has made Remote Sensing and G.I.S. affordable to not only complex environmental / spatial situation but also affordable to an increasingly wider audience.
IMGIS - Brief History of Mapping
The earliest known maps date back 16,500 BCE and were found on cave walls in France, mapping out parts of the night sky. Ancient Babylonians created clay tablet maps around 700 BCE showing cities and geographic features. Greeks like Hecataeus and Ptolemy greatly advanced cartography, with Ptolemy creating one of the first world atlases in the 2nd century CE. Modern mapping has been driven by exploration, war, science and technology, with innovations like satellite imagery, GIS systems, Google Earth, and mobile GPS mapping.
The Solar System
The document discusses our evolving understanding of the solar system. It describes how the Ptolemaic theory that the Earth was the center of the universe was disproven by Copernicus' theory that the sun is at the center. While we once believed there were nine planets, Pluto is now defined as not meeting the criteria to be classified as a planet. The moon landing in 1969 marked a pivotal moment that advanced technology and space exploration, demonstrating what is possible through determination and hard work.
Satellite Lec 1.pptx
This document provides a history of the evolution of satellites. It discusses how the first artificial satellites like Sputnik paved the way for communications, weather, and navigation satellites in the 1960s. A key milestone was Arthur C. Clarke's 1945 proposal of a geostationary orbit, which was realized by the launch of Syncom 2 in 1963, the first satellite to achieve a geosynchronous orbit. The document traces the progression from early rockets and satellites to modern satellite systems that provide global communications, weather monitoring, and other services.
Satcom overview
This document provides an overview of satellite communications. It discusses the early concepts of satellite communications dating back to the 19th century. Arthur C. Clarke is credited with originating the modern concept in 1945 by proposing a system of geosynchronous satellites. The first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, was launched by the Soviet Union in 1957. Active communications satellites soon followed, starting with SCORE in 1958. Early satellites demonstrated communications capabilities but were experimental. The first commercial satellite system was INTELSAT, established in 1964. The document outlines the evolution of satellite technologies from passive to active satellites and discusses different types of satellite communication systems.
Space Essays
The Space Race Essay
Human Space Exploration Essay
Space Persuasive Essay
Why Should Humans Explore Space? Essay
Space Exploration Thesis Statement
Life in Outer Space Essay
Space Exploration Argumentative Essay Topics
Persuasive Essay Space
Space Exploration Outline
Persuasive Speech About Space Exploration
Conclusion On Space Exploration
Space Project Research Paper
Pros And Cons Of Space Exploration
Essay On Outer Space
The Idea of Space Essay
Space Persuasive Speech
Space Exploration Of Space
Essay On Privatization Of Space
The Benefits of Space Exploration Essay
Mechanics Of Space Essay
Visualizations and Mashups in Online News Production
Many digital technologies are emerging as production and consumption of news shifts to online media. With the growth of citizen journalism and the increased availability and access to information, data, and analytical tools, online news has the potential to become an effective tool in restoring public trust in media. This paper examines the most promising of these developing technologies.
SEMINAR REPORT ON SPACE EXPLORATION.
This report will help us to gain knowledge about space, advantages of space technology and also for students for seminar in colleges/schools(TOPIC : SPACE EXPLORATION)
Satellite Communication Notes Unit (1 to 3).pdf
This document provides lecture notes on satellite communications. It begins with a brief history of satellite systems and the realization of the concept from an idea to launching the first artificial satellite Sputnik-1 by the Soviet Union in 1957. It describes the basic concepts of satellite communications including the space segment consisting of the satellite and ground control station. It also describes the ground segment consisting of fixed, transportable and mobile earth terminals. It discusses the evolution from early passive satellites that simply reflected signals to later active satellites that could amplify and transmit signals.
ba-in-history-major-contemporary-events.pptx
This document provides an editable presentation template on world history topics. It includes 10 sample historical events presented over multiple slides with images, graphs, and key details about each event. The template offers customizable design elements, replaceable images and graphics, and instructions for attribution when using the template.
Digital Imaging in Space
Digital imaging was first used in outer space in the 1970s by the Viking Lander missions to Mars. The Viking Lander 1 took the first pictures from the Martian surface on July 20, 1976 using a digital camera since film required returning to Earth. The digital camera used a photodiode and scanning technique to build up images row by row from its 12 pixel sensor. While low quality by today's standards, the digital photos provided the first images from Mars and demonstrated early applications of this new technology.
Space Exploration
The document discusses the history and arguments for and against space exploration. It outlines the key events in space exploration history from Sputnik 1 to the first moon landing. Both the dangers and high costs of space travel are presented as counter arguments, while supporting arguments note the technological benefits and spin-offs, curiosity of humankind, and new opportunities space exploration provides. The conclusion recommends that future space systems focus on reducing costs and improving safety, and developing useful technologies to benefit people.
SATELLITE COMMUNICATION OVERVIEW
Satellite communication, in telecommunications, the use of artificial satellites to provide communication links between various points on Earth. Satellite communications play a vital role in the global telecommunications system. Approximately 2,000 artificial satellites orbiting Earth relay analog and digital signals carrying voice, video, and data to and from one or many locations worldwide.
Satellite communication has two main components: the ground segment, which consists of fixed or mobile transmission, reception, and ancillary equipment, and the space segment, which primarily is the satellite itself. A typical satellite link involves the transmission or up linking of a signal from an Earth station to a satellite. The satellite then receives and amplifies the signal and retransmits it back to Earth, where it is received and reamplified by Earth stations and terminals. Satellite receivers on the ground include direct-to-home (DTH) satellite equipment, mobile reception equipment in aircraft, satellite telephones, and handheld devices.
SPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR MANKIND
The space age started with the launch of first Russian satellite Sputnik 1 on 4 October 1957.Ever since,the rocket powered launch vehicles carried state of the art scientific equipment to explore moon , the sun , solar system and the cosmos. This resulted in designing and fabricating the instruments having more than 6000000 components with reliability greater than 99.9999%. In 1960s man landed on moon and in 1970s the planetary exploration continued the space march. The comet Halley, which orbits the sun in about 76 years was photographed from a distance of about 500 kms in the year 1986. The success of launch and recovery of Space Shuttle made the space just another location in 1980s. This opened a variety of new vistas of science and technology.
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HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF REMOTE SENSING (FRM 180).pptx
HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF REMOTE SENSING (FRM 180).pptx
Visualizations and Mashups in Online News Production
Visualizations and Mashups in Online News Production
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Continental Mapping Introduces TheGeoFoundry.com
Continental Mapping launched a website to serve as the market place for tools developed for improving geospatial production efficiency.
Continental Mapping Projects - Wood Road Re-alignment
Continental Mapping was contracted to provide mapping services to support the reconfiguration of a dangerous railroad crossing in Minnesota. The crossing had issues with collisions between trains and motor vehicles, resulting in deaths, injuries, and delays. Continental Mapping used aerial photography to produce high-accuracy contour maps and planimetric maps of the area to identify options for rerouting the crossing to reduce safety risks from the blind curve and busy double track railroad. The maps were delivered in a 3D digital format to support redesigning the crossing configuration.
Transportation Mapping
Continental Mapping is an expert in transportation infrastructure mapping with over 16 years of experience working with state and local agencies. They offer mobile and terrestrial lidar, aerial lidar, photogrammetry, and survey services. In 2015, they completed the first mobile lidar-led asset management job for the Minnesota DOT and the largest photogrammetry project for the Wisconsin DOT. Survey work establishes high accuracy and was used to map right of ways at Fort Sill, Oklahoma.
Storygraphic - The Continental Mapping Story
Here is a brief timeline (in form of a treasure map) to show the events that helped shape Continental Mapping. 15 years and counting...
Continental Mapping Projects - ATC Dane County
Continental Mapping was commissioned by American Transmission Company (ATC) to provide high accuracy aerial imagery and mapping to support the redesign and reconstruction of 6 miles of transmission lines in Wisconsin. Continental Mapping performed aerial surveys to create 1:50 scale planimetric maps, a digital terrain model with 1-foot contours, and 3-inch color orthophotography of the 1000-foot corridor along the proposed transmission line route. The new maps were needed to provide ATC with current and accurate information on existing infrastructure to support replacing outdated 67KV lines with higher voltage infrastructure through both urban and rural areas while reducing impacts on landowners.
Continental Mapping Projects - USACE Cleveland Levee
The USACE Tulsa District commissioned a boundary survey of the Cleveland, Oklahoma levee in 2011. Continental Mapping performed the survey to establish the specific boundary lines and identify adjoining landowners. They located existing monuments, reset missing monuments, and delivered the final survey within the required timeframe. The purpose of the survey was to clearly define the property boundaries along the 3 mile levee protecting Cleveland from flood waters of Lake Keystone.
Continental Mapping Projects - USACE Pine Creek
Boundary survey of Pine Creek Lake and Dam to support enhancement efforts by the Tulsa District of USACE
Continental Mapping Projects - Tualatin National Wildlife Refuge
Continental Mapping got the privilege to perform their services in a unique set aside - an urban paradise.
FAA UAS Map
Continental Mapping is paying close attention to the developments to come from the FAA's six selected test sites. What comes from the sites will undoubtedly effect many aspects of the public and private sector.
Red Wing Bridge Project
The Red Wing Bridge in Red Wing, MN is a cantilever style bridge built in 1960 to carry US Route 63 across the Mississippi River and connect Minnesota and Wisconsin. The bridge is over 35 feet wide with the roadbed 65 feet above the river, but is scheduled to be replaced in 2017 as it is considered "fracture critical" and could collapse if one piece fractures.
Aztalan Project
This is imagery derived from aerial lidar. It shows the historically and culturally significant earth mounds build between 1000-1300 AD. Also visible is the Crawfish River.
Continental Mapping Projects - FEMA Butler Co. MO
FEMA identified changes to the Black River in Missouri that required new flood modeling from Highway 60 north of Poplar Bluff to the Arkansas border. Continental Mapping performed a hydrographic survey of the 46 mile river section, surveying cross sections, bridges, and drainage structures. Using GPS and an echosounder, they surveyed river edges, extended levee sections, the river flowline, 11 road bridges, 3 railroad bridges, and 13 drainage structures to provide data for updated floodplain modeling within 5cm accuracy.
Continental Mapping Projects - TDOT Grainger Co.
Continental Mapping was contracted by Tennessee DOT in 2014 to map an intersection improvement project using low altitude aerial imagery and high-resolution airborne lidar. The lidar was able to characterize terrain beneath vegetation and reduce the need for ground surveys. Continental Mapping delivered accurate 3D terrain data and digital mapping to expedite the project schedule. The project resulted in a hybrid photogrammetric and lidar terrain model suitable for road design software.
Continental mapping projects las vegas water treatment plant
The document summarizes a mapping project completed by Continental Mapping for a wastewater treatment facility outside of Las Vegas, Nevada. Continental Mapping was engaged to complete a comprehensive mapping effort of the 140 acre, highly complex site. They acquired high accuracy aerial imagery with 0.10 foot vertical accuracy and 2.5 cm ground sample distance, and collected 3D models of buildings, tanks, and other infrastructure to develop accurate maps and models of the existing site and support proposed improvements.
Continental mapping projects indot south split
Continental Mapping was engaged by the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) to complete a mobile lidar and aerial mapping project of the South Split intersection in Indianapolis, Indiana. Within a week's notice, Continental Mapping mobilized its mobile lidar system and plane to collect over 15 lane miles of highway and 30 bridges to support design modifications after a bridge collision. Continental Mapping fused the mobile lidar and aerial imagery to deliver high accuracy 3D data, including 1" planimetric mapping, 1' contours, and a calibrated point cloud within 0.1' vertical accuracy to expedite the design and reconstruction process.
Continental Mapping Projects - HWY F
Continental Mapping was contracted to provide photogrammetric mapping services for the redesign of an 8 mile stretch of County Highway F in Rock County, Wisconsin. Their photogrammetric mapping approach saved the design engineers $8,000 by supplementing the field survey work. Continental Mapping successfully delivered high accuracy 1”=50’ planimetric mapping and 1-foot contours with 0.3’ RMSE in MicroStation and Civil 3D formats to support the final road realignment and repaving design.
Continental Mapping Projects - Dodger Stadium
Continental Mapping completed high accuracy topographic and planimetric mapping of Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles, California in 2004 to support a repaving project. The mapping included 1-foot contour intervals and 1-inch equals 40-foot scale planimetric mapping. This allowed the Dodgers organization to precisely replace infrastructure like parking lot paint lines and traffic flow designations during the repaving to preserve the quality experience for attendees at the historic stadium.
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Continental Mapping Projects - Wood Road Re-alignment
Continental Mapping Projects - USACE Cleveland Levee
Continental Mapping Projects - USACE Cleveland Levee
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8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Isolation of pure culture, its various method.
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero Water
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero WaterTexas Alliance of Groundwater Districts
Presented at June 6-7 Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts Business MeetingEquivariant neural networks and representation theory
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
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The Petroleum System of the Çukurova Field - the Shallowest Oil Discovery of Türkiye, Adana
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
3D Particle-In-Cell (PIC) algorithm,
Plasma expansion in the dipole magnetic field.
Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE .
Austrian-Slovenian HPC Meeting 2024 – ASHPC24, Seeblickhotel Grundlsee in Austria, 10–13 June 2024
https://ashpc.eu/
Thornton ESPP slides UK WW Network 4_6_24.pdf
ESPP presentation to EU Waste Water Network, 4th June 2024 “EU policies driving nutrient removal and recycling
and the revised UWWTD (Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive)”
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...
The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan,kP,Pakistan
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skillsESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
原版制作(carleton毕业证书)卡尔顿大学毕业证硕士文凭原版一模一样
原版纸张【微信：741003700 】【(carleton毕业证书)卡尔顿大学毕业证】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero Water
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero Water
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
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EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
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waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
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Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...
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3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
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The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
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THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
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ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
Photogrammetry
- 1. What is Photogrammetry? http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/photogrammetry From the good folks at Merriam-Webster: pho·to·gram·me·try DEFINITION: the science of making reliable measure- ments by the use of photographs and especially aerial photographs (as in surveying) ORIGINS: International Scientific Vocabulary “photogram” photograph (from phot- + -gram) + -metry DATES BACK TO: 1875 There’s a lot more to the story... Since the day Wilbur and Orville Wright turned a bicycle into a flying machine, pho- togrammetry and the airplane were destined for one another. An industry is born: AERIAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY As it turns out, the world was never flat. However, an easy way to get up in the air to cover the earth with an accurate map was almost non-existent. Sure, there were hot air-balloons and kites, but that was hardly a recipe for a controlled environment. Other mapping means were not functional as the second industrial revolution spurned skylines that made perspec- tive mapping accuracy a near impossibility. It only took five years after the Wright Brothers’ first flight for Italian Captain Cesare Tardivo to use the airplane to take the first aerial photos for mapping purposes. By 1914 the first mounted camera made its way onto an airplane. In short, it took less than fifteen years for an industry to get off the ground (literally). The technology went from earth to sky, but didn’t stop there... In 1924 Fairchild created the first aerial mosaic of Manhattan Island. Fairchild used over 100 aerial photos to stitch together the most detailed map the world had seen to that point. Source: NYC.gov October 4, 1957, 7:28 PM is a day that stuck like glue for those who were old enough at the time to remember it. The world changed forever when the USSR launched Sputnik, the world’s first satellite, into orbit. It was just 2 years later in 1959 when Explorer VI, an American satel- lite, took the first picture of the earth. Like many ad- vancements in technology from that era, the meteoric rise of satellite technology during the cold war was a byprod- uct of the struggle for supremacy between the USSR and the USA. In fact there are currently (2014) 2,271 satellites in orbit around the Earth. In April of 2005 Google added satellite imagery to its broadening map viewing platform, signifying a shift in accessibility of satellite mapping. To date over 1 billion people around the world have downloaded Google Earth. Commercially, stereo satellite imagery provides a great resource for orthoimagery creation on a global scale. ...and how has it evolved? Sputnik (Image source: NASA) From sky to space: SATELLITE IMAGERY UAS, or drones, as they are commonly known, are the latest advancement in the photogrammetric process. As alluded to above, balloons and kites were sometimes used for aerial imagery, but they had some obvious shortcomings. In 1937 the first competition was held for a new kind of hobby: remote control aircraft. These remote control aircraft were merely toys at their outset, but they’re actually the predecessor to today’s drones. Although the term “drone” can attract negative attention as a tool of espionage and war, they are also broadening the possibilities of mapping firms around the world. Today drone capabilities are being inte- grated to increase the speed, efficiency and cost ef- fectiveness of data collection and mapping. For a deeper look at drones, and their integration into society, please check out our other infographics across multiple social media platforms. Massive Expansion in Image Acquisition: UNMANNED AERIAL SYSTEMS(UAS) Drone derived imagery The orthorectification process removes all distortion from the earth, as well as those due to forces of motion from the aircraft. These “orthos,” as they are often referenced as, feature the same scale across the image, which makes them ideal for high-accuracy mapping. NOTE: This is a brief overview, and a far cry from what’s involved in the photogrammetric process. For more information please visit: www.continentalmapping.com BEFORE AFTER