The document discusses the establishment of the First Philippine Republic, initiated by a revolutionary congress in 1898 and led by Emilio Aguinaldo. It outlines the subsequent Filipino-American War, highlighting the challenges faced by Filipino forces against American military superiority and the eventual capture of Aguinaldo. Ultimately, it emphasizes the bravery of the Filipinos during their fight for independence and the historical significance of this period in Philippine history.

2. FIRST PHILIPPINE
REPUBLIC
in Asia by Asians
Born during a war
for independence.
© Jamaica C. Olazo

3. 85 FILIPINOS MET IN
A REVOLUTIONARY
CONGRESS
(September 15, 1898)
BARASOAIN CHURCH
@ MALOLOS, BULACAN
CONGRESS & CONSTITUTION
Pedro Paterno
President of the
MALOLOS CONGRESS
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4. MALOLOS
CONGRESS
Approved the independence
of the Philippines.
Started the making of a new
constitution.
CONSTITUTION
Basic law of the Government
MALOLOS CONSTITUTION
 The constitution of
the First Philippine
Republic.
 Written in Malolos,
Bulacan.
© Jamaica C. Olazo

5. THE MALOLOS
CONSTITUTION
Basic law of the Government
FELIPE CALDERON
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6. THE FIRST
PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC
“Great is the day, glorious this date,
and forever memorable this moment
in which our beloved people are raised
to the joy of independence.”
INAGURATION
- Emilio Aguinaldo
(President of the First Republic)
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7. - the official newspaper of the
government.
- an independent newspaper ran by
General Antonio Luna and other Filipinos.
FELIPE AGONCILLO
the first Filipino diplomat sent to Paris
and Washington to work for recognition
of Philippine Independence.
Other diplomats in Japan, France,
England and Australia.
© Jamaica C. Olazo

8. © Jamaica C. Olazo

9. Americans pretended that the
Filipinos had brutally attacked them.
February 4, 1899
at 8pm, an American
sharpshooter, Private
William W. Grayson of First
Nebraska Volunteers, shot
and killed a Filipino soldier
crossing the San Juan Bridge.
February 6, 1899
the American Senate passed
the Treaty of Paris, making
the Philippines a colony of
the United States. It was
approved by only one vote
majority.
© Jamaica C. Olazo

10. The US paid Spain the
amount of twenty million
dollars ($20,000,000.00)
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11. THE FILIPINO-AMERICAN
WAR
It was the second fight
for independence by
the Filipinos.
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12. March 31, 1899
The Americans
captured Malolos,
which was then the
Capital of the First
Philippine Republic.
February 5, 1899
The American navy
bombarded the
Filipino positions in
Manila
February 5, 1899
Generals Aniceto
Lacson and Juan
Araneta organized the
“Republic of Negros”.
December 19, 1899
General Henry C.
Lawton was killed by
the Filipino troops
during the Battle in
San Mateo, Rizal.
© Jamaica C. Olazo

13. THE FILIPINO-AMERICAN
WAR
Major General Henry Lawton
The conqueror of the American-
Indian chief Geronimo.
o He was conquered by the
Filipino “Geronimo” General
Licerio Geronimo and his
men.
© Jamaica C. Olazo

14. GUERILLA WARFARE
fought with old
rifles and guns,
bamboo spears
fought with cannons,
machine guns, automatic
rifles, and plenty of
ammunition and supplies
Filipinos VS Americans
© Jamaica C. Olazo

15. AGUINALDO’S GUERILLA
WARFARE IN 1899
was EARLIER than Mao Zedong’s
Chinese guerillas in the 1940s
and Ho Chi Minh’s Vietnamese
guerillas in the 1970s.
MAO ZEDONG
1893 -1976
© Jamaica C. Olazo

16. FILIPINOS LOSE THE WAR
APOLINARIO MABINI
ANTONIO LUNA
Defended the Tirad Pass
GREGORIO DEL PILAR
killed by Aguinaldo’s
bodyguards on June 5, 1899
Aguinaldo’s prime minister
who was arrested and
deported to Guam.
© Jamaica C. Olazo

17. Luzon – Antonio Luna, Paciano Rizal,
Pantaleon Garcia, and Artemio Ricarte
Central Luzon – Tomas Mascardo,
Maximo Hizon, and Sevillano Aquino
Batangas – Miguel Malvar, foungt until
April 16, 1902.
Laguna – Juan Caillas
Cavite – Mariano Frias
Iloilo – Martin Delgado, Teresa and
Magbanua brothers
Bicol – Vito Belarmino and Jose Papua
Samar – Vicente Lucban
Simeon Ola – the last Filipino General
to surrender to the Americans.
© Jamaica C. Olazo

18. of the First President Emilio Aguinaldo
Cordillera
Mountains – the
place where
Aguinaldo and his
staff fled.
Palanan, Isabela
– the place of his
headquarters which
was unknown to the
Americans.
AMERICAN EXPEDITION
- Consists of 5 American officers and 85 Filipinos (who
were on the side of the Americans).
- The Americans pretended to be prisoners of war of the
Filipinos so that they could enter the secret camp on
March 23, 1901.
- As soon as they entered the camp, they attacked the
guards and captured Aguinaldo.
- Aguinaldo was taken to Manila.
- He was greeted by General Arthur McArthur, the
American military governor, at Malacanang Palace.
- On April 19, 1901, Aguinaldo took the oath of
Allegiance to the United States.
© Jamaica C. Olazo

19. HISTORICAL VALUES
Filipinos should be proud that the first
independent republic in Asia by Asians
was established by Aguinaldo in the
Philippines from 1989 to 1901.
Filipinos are brave and sturdy people
who will fight for their rights and
independence, even if they lose.
Filipinos lost the Filipino-American war
because they were not united and they
had inferior weapons.
Like all wars, the Filipino-American
war was very bloody and expensive.
• The Americans sent 126,248
troops, of whom 4,234 died.
• They have spent a vast sum of
$16,000.
• 200,000 civilian died of
starvation and/or diseases.
• Property worth of billions of
pesos was damaged.
We should remember and honor president
Aguinaldo and other heroes of this era
because they fought with courage and honor.
These veterans of the revolution were the
real founding father of our independence.
© Jamaica C. Olazo

20. THANK
YOU!
© Jamaica C. Olazo 
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