The Malolos Republic was established in the Philippines in 1898 with the transfer of the government seat to Malolos and the election of Congress officers in Barasoain Church. Three draft constitutions were proposed, including the Mabini Plan based on Masonic statutes, the Paterno Plan based on the 1868 Spanish Constitution, and the Calderon Plan based on several Latin American constitutions. The Spanish ceded the Philippines to the US in the 1898 Treaty of Paris, and the Malolos Congress debated separating church and state, showing democratic ideals.