Philippine History

1. The Philippine Independence

2. Outline:
1. Founding of the Katipunan
2. Discovery of the Katipunan
3. Cry of Pugad Lawin
4. Cavite as the center of revolution
5. Tejeros convention and the execution of Bonifacio
6. Pack of Biak-na-Bato
7. Spanish-American war (Battle of Manila Bay)
8. Aguinaldo declares independence/Malolos Convention
9. Treaty of Paris
10. Philippine independence

3. When was the official declaration of
Philippine independence?
• July 4, 1946 – where the Americans formally recognize the independence of
the Republic of the Philippines.
• June 12, 1898 – Aguinaldo declares the Philippine independence from the
Spaniards.
• Diosdado Macapagal moved the celebration to June 12 in order to
commemorate Emilio Aguinaldo's original proclamation of Philippine
independence from Spain on the same date in 1898.

4. - Founded by Jose Rizal in 1892
- To unite the whole archipelago into one society
with equality for Filipinos and Spaniards in the
Philippines.
- The Spanish officials felt threatened.
- July 6, 1892, Rizal was captured 3 days after the
establishment then Rizal was exiled to Dapitan in
Zamboanga.
- Later on La Liga drift apart.

5. Kataastaasang, Kagalanggalangang
Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan
(Secret Revolutionary Society)
- Founded by Andres Bonifacio; Ladislao Diwa; Teodoro
Plata; Deodato Arellano; Jose Dizon; & Valentin Diaz
- July 7, 1892, in Tondo Manila (House of Deodato
Arellano)
- Blood compact/Sanduguan
- 1896; 30,000 members
- Triangle System
Founding of the Katipunan

6. Mother’s Superior
Teresa de Jesus
Father Mariano Gil
- Teodoro Patiño fought with fellow Katipunero
Apolonio de la Cruz because of the two-peso
wage increase in the printing shop of Diario de
Manila.
- Honoria Patiño
Discovery of the Katipunan

7. Cry of Pugad Lawin
- General meeting of all the leaders in the house of Juan A Ramos son of
Melchora Aquino in Pugadlawin.
- Bonifacio asked his men whether they were prepared to fight to the bitter end.
- "bring out your cedulas and tear them to pieces to symbolize our determination
to take up arms!“ shouting "Long live the Philippines!"

8. Cavite the Center of Revolution
- The Katipunan was divided into 2 groups:
• The Magdalo Group was led by Emilio Aguinaldo.
• The Magdiwang Group was led by Gen. Mariano Alvarez.
- Caviteño adores Aguinaldo as won several fights against Spanish troops then
he was called Gen. Miong from Kapitan Miong.

9. Tejeros Convention and the
Execution of Bonifacio
- Elect officers of the revolutionary government.
- Aguinaldo won as the president
- Bonifacio then prepared a document the “Naic military agreement”.
- Aguinaldo was accused of sedition and treason together with his brother
Procopio. They were sentenced to death in the foothills of Mount Buntis in
Maragondon Cavite.
Lazaro Makapagal

10. Pack of Biak na Bato
Pedro Paterno Gov. Primo de Rivera
- Established Biak-na-Bato Republic
- Pedro Paterno acts as a negotiator
- A ceasefire was declared and an agreement was made.
- Spaniards promise to have some reforms and payment of 800,000 Mexican
pesos as payment for the damages during their colonization.
- Aguinaldo left for Hongkong on December 27, 1897.

11. Spanish-American War (Battle of Manila Bay)
The sinking of the USS Maine
Battle of Manila Bay
Commodore George Dewey
- Theodore Roosevelt wants to have the
Spanish-American war as he wants to
expand its naval bases.
- He ordered George Dewey to attack
Spaniards in manila bay.
- February 15, 1898, USS Maine sank in
Havana harbor resulting in the death of 260
officers and crew members.

12. Spanish-American War (Battle of Manila Bay)
The sinking of the USS Maine
Battle of Manila Bay
Commodore George Dewey
- Spain declared war on the United States on
April 23, 1898.
- The United States declared war against
Spain on April 25, 1898.
- On May 1, 1898, the United States Navy led
by Commodore George Dewey crushed the
Spanish squadron in Manila Bay and the
Spanish naval base at Sangley Point in
Cavite.
- By June 1898, the Americans had control of
portions of the Philippine islands.

13. The Philippine Independence Under the Spanish Regime
- May 19, 1898, Aguinaldo returns from exile in
Hongkong to help fight against the Spaniards’
troops.
- The battle of Alapan Happened on May 28, 1898,
and it was the first victory of Filipino revolutionaries
led by Aguinaldo as he return.
- June 12, 1898, when Aguinaldo declares the
Philippine independence in his house in Kawit
Cavite.

14. - The Philippine flag was officially unfurled.
- It was designed by Aguinaldo and made by Mrs.
Marcela Agoncillo with the help of her daughter
Lorenza Agoncillo and Mrs. Delfina Natividad in
Hongkong.
- The Marcha Nacional Filipina (originally it was
Marcha Filipina Magadalo) was played by the
Malabon band.
- The music was composed by Julian Felipe then later
on the lyrics were adopted from the poem “Filipinas”
by Jose Palma a 23-year-old soldier which is in
Spanish and then translated into English and Tagalog.

15. The Malolos Constitution: The First Philippine Republic
(1899-1901)
- It was written by Felipe Calderón y Roca and
Felipe Buencamino.
- In the same year 1898, The Malolos constitution
was drafted and promulgated the next year 1899.
- It was inspired by the constitutions of Mexico,
Guatemala, Costa Rica, Brazil, Belgium, and
France.
- It was the first Philippine republic a democratic,
republican government with three branches.

16. Treaty of Paris 1898
- The Spanish-American war concluded with the
Treaty of Paris which decreed that Spain would
give up the Philippines with a compensation of 20
million US dollars, but it will become a colony of
the United States.

17. Philippine-American War
- The Filipino-American war started at San Juan
Bridge
- refused to recognize Aguinaldo’s government
- Antonio Luna was killed by Pedro Janolino with
Kawit, Cavite troops.
- The Malolos Republic ended with the capture and
surrender of Aguinaldo to the Americans on March
23, 1901, in Palanan, Isabela.
- Then Aguinaldo reluctantly pledged allegiance to
the United States.
Robert Grayson

18. The Capture of Aguinaldo
Cecilio Segismundo
- Segismundo surrendered to the Americans in
Pantabangan town, Nueva Ecija. With the promise
of a commission in the Philippine Army and a $300
reward, he revealed the whereabouts of Aguinaldo,
allowing American General Frederick Funston to
capture him.
- Macabebes act as Aguinaldo's revolutionary
reinforcements with US captives in town Palanan,
Isabella Province.
Macabebe Troup/Scout

19. Philippine Independence under the American Regime
Jones Law Known as the Philippine Autonomy Act
of 1916
- announced the intention of the US to withdraw its
sovereignty over the Philippines as soon as a stable
government can be established.
- becomes the basic legislation and led to the
creation of an all-Filipino legislature composed of
the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives
(Bicameral).

20. Philippine Independence under the American Regime
Tydings McDuffie Act also called as Philippine
Commonwealth and Independence Act of 1934
- provided the Philippine independence which took
effect on July 4, 1946, after a 10-year transitional
period of Commonwealth government.
- A constitutional convention was held and the
approval of the 1935 Philippine constitution
happened leading provide a presidential form of
government with a unicameral legislature. Manuel
Quezon was elected as president. Then the
Philippines remains a US territory for the next 10
years.

21. END