The document discusses key events in Philippine history from 1897-1899, including the Spanish-American War and the Philippine Revolution. It summarizes how Spain lost control of Cuba and the Philippines due to the Spanish-American War. Emilio Aguinaldo established a revolutionary government and declared Philippine independence on June 12, 1898. However, the U.S. later took control of the Philippines following the Treaty of Paris in 1898. This led to conflict between Aguinaldo's revolutionary forces and the U.S. in the Philippine-American War.

1. THE STRUGGLE
CONTINUES
Philippines during
1897 – 1898

2. OBJECTIVES
AT THE END OF THE
LESSON, THE STUDENTS ARE
EXPECTED TO:
- Discuss intelligently the different historic events that
happened in the Philippines from1897 -1899
- Appreciate the importance of Independence for the
Filipino People
- To apply the importance of freedom in a short
presentation

3. THE
SPANISH-
AMERICAN
WAR
- Cuban Revolution
won the sympathy
of Americans
Some influential Americans, like Theodore Roosevelt
wanted war with Spain so that the American Navy could
expand
Spain was
pre-occupied
with two
revolutions:
one in Cuba
and the other
in the
Philippines

4. February 15, 1898
The USS Maine (American
battleship) exploded at Havana
Harbor in Cuba. Spain was
blamed for the mishap.
More than 200 American
sailors died.
April 25, 1898
United States formally
declared war on Spain

5. Battle of Manila
Bay
 Commodore George Dewey – assigned to be
the commander of the American Asiatic Squadron
 Admiral Patricio Montojo – Commander of
Samish squadron
 May 1, 1898 – entered the bay in the early
morning hours
By 12:30 on the same day, Admiral Montojo „s
fleet was already destroyed

6.  Aguinaldo went to Singapore from
Hongkong due to the pressure of the
plagiarist of the Cuban Constitution to
divide the Php 400,000 indemnity that
was given by the colonial government
to the rebels
 April 23, 1898 – Aguinaldo and his
companion arrived in Singapore

7.  Howard Bray visited Aguinaldo and
asked Aguinaldo that E. Spencer
Pratt (American Consul) wanted to
interview him.
 In the Interview, Pratt told Aguinaldo
that Aguinaldo should side with the
Americans. He assured Aguinaldo
that the US had no intention on
making the Philippines a colony

8.  April 26, 1898 – Aguinaldo and his
companions sailed for Hongkong (British
Colony at that time)
 Rounseville Wildman – told that Dewey
had left instructions for the return of
Aguinaldo to the Philippines
 Wildman told Aguinaldo to establish a
Revolutionary Government in the
Philippines so that he could easily take
steps to continue the revolution against

9. HONGKONG
JUNTA –
Filipino Patriots
in Hongkong
Unanimously
decided that
Aguinaldo
should return to
the Philippines

10. Other details before our
independence from Spanish
Authority
FAILURE OF THE LAST DESPERATE EFFORT BY
GOVERNOR GENERAL BASILIO AGUSTIN TO
APPOINT MESTIZOS IN THE CONSULTATIVE
ASSEMBLY
THE SECRET AGREEMENT - GENERAL
FERMIN JAUDENES (SUCCEEDED
AUGUSTIN) AND DEWEY/ GENERAL
WESLEY MERRITT

11. THE MOCK BATTLE OF
MANILA – AUGUST
13, 1898
- WALLED CITY
(INTRAMUROS MANILA

12. FREEDOM AND
INDEPENDENCE
Philippines
during1898-1899

13.  MAY 24, 1898 – AGUINALDO
FORMALLY ESTABLISHED
DICTATORIAL GOVERNMENT WHICH
HE DECLARED AS TEMPORARY
 FELIPE AGONCILLO ADVISED WAY
BACK 1895 AGUINALDO TO LOOK
FOR SOME PATRIOTIC AND
DEDICATED MEN SUCH AS
APOLINARIO MABINI OF TANAUAN

14. JUNE 12, 1898 - AGUINALDO SIGNED THE
PROCLAMATION OF PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE IN
KAWIT CAVITE
JULIAN FELIPE – A MUSICIAN FROM CAVITE
COMPOSED A MARCH TO BE PLAYED DURING THE
INDEPENDENCE DAY CEREMONY
“ MARCHA FILIPINA MAGDALO” – DECIDED BY
AGUINALDO TO BE THE OFFICIAL MARCH OF THE
PHILIPPINES
MRS. MARCELA AGONCILLO - SEWN THE
PHILIPPINE FLAG DESIGNED BY AGUINALDO
AMBROSIO RIANZARES BAUTISTA – PREPARED
AND READ IN SPANISH THE ACT OF THE
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE

15.  JUNE 23, 1898 – UPON THE ADVICE OF
MABINI, AGUINALDO CHANGED THE
GOVERNMENT FROM DICTATORIAL TO
REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT

16. REVOLUTIONARY
GOVERNMENT
 Changed of title from Dictator to President
 Four Departments were created, namely:
1. Department of Foreign Affairs, Navy and
Commerce
2. The Department of War and Public Works
3. The Department of Police and Internal
Order, Justice, Education and Hygiene
4. The Department of Finance, Agriculture and
Manufacturing Industry

17. REVOLUTIONARY
GOVERNMENT
 June 23 – Creation of Congress later known to
be Malolos Congress ( happened in Barasoain
Church in Malolos, Bulacan)
MEMBERS OF CONGRESS:
PRESIDENT : Pedro A. Paterno
VICE PRESIDENT: Benito Legarda
FIRST SECRETARY : Gregorio Araneta
SECOND SECRETARY: Pablo Ocampo

18. REVOLUTIONARY
GOVERNMENT
 January 21, 1899 – Aguinaldo promulgated
the Final version of the Constitution named as
Malolos Constitution

19. IMPORTANCE
 It was the first important state document that the Filipino
people, speaking through their representatives, had ever
produced.
 Provided for national and individual rights not only of
Filipinos, but also for foreigners
 Safeguards against abuses were provided
 According to the Constitution, the government that was
established was “popular , representative, and
responsible”
 Three branches was also indicated: the executive, the

20. Uniqueness of Malolos
Constitution
 the assembly or the legislative branch was
more powerful than the executive or the
judicial branch
 it provided that when the Assembly was not in
session, a Permanent commission, composed
of the members of the Assembly would sit as
a legislative body
 the Constitution established a unicameral
legislature

21. THE FIRST PHILIPPINE
REPUBLIC

22. JANUARY 23, 1899
 INAGUARATION OF THE REPUBLIC.
 AGUINALDO TOOK HIS OATH OF OFFICE
AS PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC
 TO MAKE THE EVENT MEMORABLE:
AGUINALDO PARDONED ALL PRISONERS
OF WAR WHO ARE NOT REGUKAR
MEMBERS OF THE SPANISH ARMY AND
SPANIARDS AND ALIENS WERE GRANTED
THE RIGHT TO ENGAGE IN BUSINESS IN
THE PHILIPPINES

23. THE FIRST PHILIPPINE
REPUBLIC
 EDUCATION
Aguinaldo included an item for education
amounting to php 35,000.
Provided a decree for the improved
curriculum of the Burgos Institute
 PERIODICALS OF THE REVOLUTION
La Independencia – most famous among
nationalistic newspapers / Editor and part-
owner was General Antonio Luna

24. The First Philippine Republic
 Filipino Diplomats : Felipe Agoncillo- United
States, Mariano Ponce and Faustino Lichauco –
Japan, Antonio Ma. Regidor – England, Juan
Luna and Pedro Roxas – France, Eriberto
Zarcal – Australia
 Treaty of Paris – Signed on December 10, 1898
between Spanish and American Peace
Commissioners
 Spain turned over the Philippines to the
United States for the sum of $ 20,000,000 as
payment for the improvement made by Spain

25. GROUP ACTIVITY
 SHOW IN A SHORT ROLE PLAY THE
IMPORTANCE OF FREEDOM AND
INDEPENDENCE

26. SEARCH FOR THE
INFORMATION ABOUT THE
PHILIPPINE- AMERICAN WAR
Assignment