2. Philippine Revolution began in 1896 as a
rebellion against brutal Spanish rule that
spanned over three centuries from the time
Ferdinand Magellan led an expedition to the
island in the early 1560s to the establishment of
a full Spanish colony.
3. Let's watch first a movie
where we will know the
journey of Andres Bonifacio
and The Katipunan.
5. REPUBLIC OF BIAK-NA-
BATO
In August 1897, the Republic of Biak-na-Bato
began to negotiate for armistice with the Spaniards.
The negotiations ended in December 1897 with the
Pact of Biak-na-Bato Under this pact, the Aguinaldo
government was to go into exile to Hong Kong in
exchange for a handsome compensation.
11. On November 1, 1897, Isabelo Artacho and
Felix Ferrer signed the draft constitution of
Biak-na-Bato. The adoption of this
constitution led to the establishment of a
temporary republic, the Republic of Biak-na-
Bato which lasted until the Philippines
achieved full independence on June 12,
1898.
12. The constitution provides for the establishment of a Supreme Council
consisting of the following and the elected
officer:
President-Emilio Aguinaldo
Vice President-Mariano Trias
Secretary of Foreign Affairs - Antonio Montenegro Secretary of the
Interior - Isabelo Artacho
of the Republic. Secretary of War-Emiliano Riego de Dios
Finance Secretary - Baldomero Aguinaldo
After this, Aguinaldo issued a decree as President of the Republic.
13. Proclamation of Philippine Independence
On June 12, 1898, the declaration of independence
of the Philippines was carried out by Filipino
revolutionaries under Hen. Aguinaldo, where they
proclaimed the country's sovereignty and
independence from Spanish rule.
Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista wrote and read the
country's declaration of independence. Although
Commander George Dewey was unable to attend
the inauguration, 98 people signed the historic
document in led by Aguinaldo and Colonel L. M.
Johnson of the American army.
15. In order to prove the ability of the
Filipinos for independence,
Aguinaldo announced the
establishment of the
Dictatorship Government on May
24, 1898, with the advice of
Wildman and the approval of his
advisor, Ambrosio Rianzares
Bautista.
16. On June 23, 1898, on the advice of
Aguinaldo's new advisor, Apolinario Mabini, he
announced the change of government from
a Dictatorship to a Revolutionary
Government. The only difference between
the two governments was his title as supreme
leader, from being a dictator until he became
president. The revolutionary government
remained until January 23, 1899.
17. The REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT.
In a bid to finally gain Philippine independence
from foreign powen, Aguinaldo put up the
Revolutionary Government on June 29, 1898.
This government convened the Malolos
Congress on September 15, 1878 püspetely to
draft a new constitution which eventually
became known as the Malolos Constitution
18. AMERICAN GOVERNMENTS IN THE
PHILIPPINES
Spain, following her defeat in the Spanish-
American War, ceded the Philippines to the
United States through the Treaty of Paris
which was signed on December 10, 1835
Paris, France. This led to the American
occupation of the Philippine islands
19. The Military Government.
On August 14, 1895, however, the Americans have alteady
established a Military Government in Manila after defeating
the Spaniards in a mock battle. Since the War was still
angoing, the American President, being the Commander-in-
Chief of the United States Armed Forces, exercised
authority over the Military Governament through the Military
Governor who wielded all powers of government-executive,
legislative, and judicial (de Leon & de Leon, 2011: 24),
20. Three Military Governors took turns to
run the affairs of the government in
Manila: General Wesley Merritt, General
Elwell E. Otos, and Major General Arthur
MacArthur
21. The Civil Government. The Spooner Amendment
to the Army Appropriation Act passed by the
American Congress on March 3, 1901 ended the
military regime in Manila. This gave way to the
inauguration of the Civil Government on July
,1901 with William H. Taft as the first Civil
Governor
22. On February 6, 1905, the United States
Congress changed the title Civil Governor to
Governor General. From 1901 to 1907, the head
of the Civil Government acted as the President
of the Philippine Commission, the lawmaking
body in the Philippines from 1901 to 1967. This
means that he exercised not just executive
power but also legislative powers
23. Luke E. Wright succeeded Taft on February
1, 1904 and he became the fust to receive
the title of Governor General. Erank Murphy
was the last Governor General of the Civil
Government and was also the first High
Commissioner of the United States to the
Philippines when the Commonwealth
Government of the Philippines
25. The Congress of Malolos
On the morning of September 15, 1898, the Malolos
Congress was inaugurated at the Barasoain church
in Malolos, Bulacan. The congress had an election
to choose the future leader and those elected were
Dr. Pedro S. Paterno, president-elect; Benito
Legarda, second-president; and Gregorio Araneta
and Pablo Ocampo as secretaries.
26. The following are among the important
achievements of the Malolos congress:
a. Ratification of Philippine independence on
September 29, 1898;
b. Promulgation of a law borrowing for the
government P20,000,000;
c. Establishment of the Philippine Women's Red
Cross Association;
d. Presentation of the University of the Scientific and
Literary Philippines (Journal of Philippine History and
Literature); at
e. Implementation of a Constitution of the Republic
of Malolos.
27. The Constitution of Malolos
The Constitution written by Felipe Calderon, a great
Filipino lawyer, was approved on November 29, 1898 and
on January 21, 1899 it was promulgated by General
Aguinaldo. It is based on the constitutions of Spain,
Belgium, Nicaragua, Mexico, France, and other countries
in South America. The United States constitution had little
influence here.
28. The Malolos Constitution is unique for three reasons:
First, it gave the legislature and congress more power
than the other two branches of government, the executive
and the judiciary.
Second, it established a Permanent Commission to carry
out the business of the congress when it was not in
session.
And third, itc established a legislative assembly (uni
cameral).
29. The Constitution of Malolos proves that
the Filipinos have political knowledge and
love for freedom and the people.
According to Emilio Aguinaldo, "This is the
best memory of the beginnings of the
Philippine Revolution and an irrefutable
proof before the civilized world of Filipinos'
ability to self-govern."
30. Achievements of the First Republic of the Philippines
The period of the Republic of Malolos can be considered as the
pinnacle of success in the Filipinos' fight against foreigners. The
establishment of the Republic of Malolos gave the Filipinos the
first opportunity to run their own government. But the result was
not entirely good or good, not because of the mistake or
weakness of the Filipinos, but as a result of the need for the
Filipinos to face the new and stronger new conqueror, the United
States
31. The government tried to strengthen nationalism and
spread the principles and policies of the Republic. To
further address the propaganda work, the government
established an official newspaper, El Heraldo de la
Revolucion. Its first issue appeared on September 29,
1898. The name of the said newspaper was changed to
Heraldo Filipino and then became Indice Oficial and
Gaceta de Filipinas with the last issue published on
October 14,1899.
General Antonio Luna also founded the newspaper La
Independencia.
32. In the field of education, the government
opened schools and Aguinaldo assigned a
budget of P35,000 to education for the year
1899. On October 19, 1898, the Literary and
Scientific University of the Philippines and five
days later the Burgos Institute for secondary
education was established. Joaquin Gonzales
was appointed as the first president of the
university. The said university also did not last
long due to the restrictions of the Americans.
