The document discusses various causes of yellowing in textiles during storage and heat processing. It notes that yellowing is often caused by reactions between phenolic antioxidants used in packaging materials and textile finishes with nitrogen oxides in the air. Factors like humidity, temperature, and UV exposure can also influence yellowing. The document recommends several products that can help prevent yellowing, including Quench-APY, Quench-AY, Quench-LG, and Altranol-GR, which protect fibers from oxidative damage and reactions with nitrous oxides.
Softening agents are applied to textiles to improve their hand, drape, cutting and sewing qualities. An effective softener must be readily dispersible in rinse water and rapidly absorbed so that uniform deposition on the fabric can occur within a relatively short treatment time and generally, exhaustion should take place in about 5min for the softener to be effective and economically usable. It must impart softness, fluffiness and lubricity to the treated cloth and reduce static build-up, especially in the case of hydrophobic fibers like cellulose acetate, nylon, polyester and acrylic fibers. These effects should be obtained without the loss of fabric whiteness or brightness, and then the treated fabric should retain its ability to absorb in subsequent use for drying the body (bath towels) or other surfaces. Fabric softener (also called fabric conditioner) is used to prevent static cling and make fabric softer. It is available as a liquid or as dryer sheets. Popular brand names include Downy (Lenor), Snuggle, Bounce, Comfort and Sta-Soft.I believe that, the knowledge of this report will help future carrier of every textile engineer.
Importance of softener . There are different topic of softener has been added in this slide like properties, type, commercial name etc. I think it will be helpful to others people who seeking something about softener.
Softening agents are applied to textiles to improve their hand, drape, cutting and sewing qualities. An effective softener must be readily dispersible in rinse water and rapidly absorbed so that uniform deposition on the fabric can occur within a relatively short treatment time and generally, exhaustion should take place in about 5min for the softener to be effective and economically usable. It must impart softness, fluffiness and lubricity to the treated cloth and reduce static build-up, especially in the case of hydrophobic fibers like cellulose acetate, nylon, polyester and acrylic fibers. These effects should be obtained without the loss of fabric whiteness or brightness, and then the treated fabric should retain its ability to absorb in subsequent use for drying the body (bath towels) or other surfaces. Fabric softener (also called fabric conditioner) is used to prevent static cling and make fabric softer. It is available as a liquid or as dryer sheets. Popular brand names include Downy (Lenor), Snuggle, Bounce, Comfort and Sta-Soft.I believe that, the knowledge of this report will help future carrier of every textile engineer.
Importance of softener . There are different topic of softener has been added in this slide like properties, type, commercial name etc. I think it will be helpful to others people who seeking something about softener.
Mechanical finishing of cotton. Stiff, soft, wrinkle resistant, water repellent, flame retardant and enzyme (bio-polishing) finishing of cotton; Milling, decatizing and shrink resistant finishing of wool; Antistatic and soil release finishing; Heat setting of synthetic fabrics; Minimum application techniques; Pollution control and treatment of effluents.
DEFINITION: Pigment is a substrate in a particulate form which is insoluble in water but which can be dispersed in this medium to modify its color and light scattering properties. They are organic or inorganic coloring materials. They have no affinity to textile materials. They are fixed on the textile material with the help of binding agent in form a thin invisible coating.
It has great effect of hot brand reactive dye on cotton fabric with exhaustion method. Migration method is more acceptable for proper color fixation in a dyeing process. Another way when we followed ISO method has create a lot of problem such as wash fastness variation rubbing fastness variation, uneven dyeing etc. If we want to get perfect dyeing than we must maintain migration method.
The slide contains advances (recent developments) in textile pretreatment called desizing, scouring, and bleaching. Different advances such as an enzyme, ozone, and plasma treatments are included for each pretreatment process.
Wrinkle free resin finishing is a process to apply chemical resin onto fabrics functioning crosslinking between hydrogen bonds in order to enhance stability, on other words, fabrics are prevent to wrinkling. The ability of a fabric to recover to a definite degree is called crease recovery of the fabric.Tendency of fabrics made by cellulose, regenerated cellulose and blends with synthetic fibers to wrinkle after washing, tumble drying and wearing are higher. Today everybody wishes for that his/her dress retains just ironed shape. Wrinkle free finishes provide wrinkle free and soft look fabric. Wrinkle free finishes are broadly used in the textile industry to impart wrinkle-resistance to cellulosic materials such as cotton fabric.
ALTRANOL GR--- Prevent yellowing of fabrics during heat setting or moulding.Ketan Gandhi
Scouring agent for polyester/nylon“Altranol-GR” is a unique product that prevents yellowing of polyester, polyamide & their blends with elastane during the heat setting and moulding process. Specially designed for the production of pale shades & optically brightened whites.
An antioxidant,anti-yellowing auxiliary during moulding & heat setting,prevents yellowing induced by heat,protection for your whites,scorch resistant.excellent scouring detergent.
Mechanical finishing of cotton. Stiff, soft, wrinkle resistant, water repellent, flame retardant and enzyme (bio-polishing) finishing of cotton; Milling, decatizing and shrink resistant finishing of wool; Antistatic and soil release finishing; Heat setting of synthetic fabrics; Minimum application techniques; Pollution control and treatment of effluents.
DEFINITION: Pigment is a substrate in a particulate form which is insoluble in water but which can be dispersed in this medium to modify its color and light scattering properties. They are organic or inorganic coloring materials. They have no affinity to textile materials. They are fixed on the textile material with the help of binding agent in form a thin invisible coating.
It has great effect of hot brand reactive dye on cotton fabric with exhaustion method. Migration method is more acceptable for proper color fixation in a dyeing process. Another way when we followed ISO method has create a lot of problem such as wash fastness variation rubbing fastness variation, uneven dyeing etc. If we want to get perfect dyeing than we must maintain migration method.
The slide contains advances (recent developments) in textile pretreatment called desizing, scouring, and bleaching. Different advances such as an enzyme, ozone, and plasma treatments are included for each pretreatment process.
Wrinkle free resin finishing is a process to apply chemical resin onto fabrics functioning crosslinking between hydrogen bonds in order to enhance stability, on other words, fabrics are prevent to wrinkling. The ability of a fabric to recover to a definite degree is called crease recovery of the fabric.Tendency of fabrics made by cellulose, regenerated cellulose and blends with synthetic fibers to wrinkle after washing, tumble drying and wearing are higher. Today everybody wishes for that his/her dress retains just ironed shape. Wrinkle free finishes provide wrinkle free and soft look fabric. Wrinkle free finishes are broadly used in the textile industry to impart wrinkle-resistance to cellulosic materials such as cotton fabric.
ALTRANOL GR--- Prevent yellowing of fabrics during heat setting or moulding.Ketan Gandhi
Scouring agent for polyester/nylon“Altranol-GR” is a unique product that prevents yellowing of polyester, polyamide & their blends with elastane during the heat setting and moulding process. Specially designed for the production of pale shades & optically brightened whites.
An antioxidant,anti-yellowing auxiliary during moulding & heat setting,prevents yellowing induced by heat,protection for your whites,scorch resistant.excellent scouring detergent.
Summary of Unconventional Natural Gas Emissions by PA County for 2013Marcellus Drilling News
Air pollution emissions by county and category of emissions, for the natural gas industry in Pennsylvania for the calendar year 2013. The data shows carbon monoxide and methane emissions going down, even though the number of wells drilled significantly increased--a testament to the industry's growing efficiency.
Intellectual Property Rights and Access to
Essential Medicines
Thomas Pogge
Professor of Political Science, Columbia University
Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics, Australian National University
Centre for the Study of Mind in Nature, University of Oslo
Use of Solvent Exchange and Critical Point Drying in Assessing the Reactivity of Cellulosic Pulps by Thad Maloney, Ville Lovikka, Aalto University
ACel Programme Seminar June 5, 2015
http://fibic.fi/events/acel-program-seminar-jun-5-cellulose-reactivity-and-recycling-of-ionic-liquids
Ionic liquids and fibre spinning process, Michael Hummel, Aalto University
ACel Programme Seminar June 5, 2015
http://fibic.fi/events/acel-program-seminar-jun-5-cellulose-reactivity-and-recycling-of-ionic-liquids
Fabric softener (also called fabric conditioner) is used to prevent static cling and make fabric softer i.e. Softening agents are applied to textiles to improve their hand, drape, cutting and sewing qualities.Fabric softeners work by coating the surface of the cloth fibers with a thin layer of chemicals; these chemicals have lubricant properties and are electrically conductive, thus making the fibers feel smoother and preventing buildup of static electricity
Product to prevent Phenolic yellowing of garments and fabrics .Prevents "pinking" or Yellowing of polyamides due to phenolic antioxydants used in packaging materials
This is an exclusive ppt on packaging of meat products and covers all aspects of packaging from my course on "Technology of Meat, Fish and Poultry Products" (Bachelor's study)
Scope of Dyeing Polyester Cotton (PC) Blended Fabric in Single Bath Process f...iosrjce
Dyeing of fabric blends such as Polyester/Cotton (P/C) is presently done with two
chemically different classes of dyes namely disperse for polyester and reactive for cotton, in
two bath process. Experimental work was carried out on finding the possibility of dyeing the
P/C blends in one bath process without drain the liquor after polyester part dyeing. All the
existing chemical and conventional temperature range were applied in this study. The result
indicates that, the using of one bath method in the polyester cotton dyeing can slightly change
the fastness properties than the conventional method. The one bath dyeing method showed
level dyeing having good fastness properties and offers the option of cost effective and ecofriendly
dyeing process.
A persistent,retentive,durable,Non-toxic,non-migrating broad spectrum antimicrobial for all porous and non porous surfaces.
Applied on Textiles,metal,plastics,ceramics,rubber,leather,glass,porcelain,grouts,sand,carbon black,cement surfaces,paints,coatings etc
It is developed as a product for producing gray cast on denim during hypochlorite bleaching process.
To overcome this disadvantage the expensive process used is laccase enzyme. Denimax GC is the chemical substitute of laccase enzyme.
Produces the desired gray cast on denim
Enables consistent gray cast or shade, unlike in case of laccase enzyme where shade or cast variation cannot be controlled.
Eliminates use of expensive laccase-enzyme. Shortens the extra step of 30- 45 mins of enzyme treatment
Oligomer & the importance of Oligomer remover-------
Oligomer is a smaller chain length of polyester made up of two or more molecules of basic ethylene terephthlate i.e. dimer or trimer, produced as a side reaction during the manufacture of polyester. The Oligoester because of its smaller chain length is in the form of a fine powder which is entrapped is basic polymer and migrates to the surface during high temperature polyester dyeing.
Higher the depth more is the displacement of Oligomer to the fibre surface. Typically polyester fibres contain between 1.5-3.5% by mass of low molecular esters, the principal oligomer being cyclic tris (ethylene terephthalate) with smaller quantities of dimer, pentamer & other compounds. Approximately 0.1 % to 1.0 % of Oligomer is produced as a side reaction in the manufacture of basic polyester.
Oligomer & the importance of Oligomer remover, problems caused on its deposit, Removing Art, Solutions----
IMR-----It is a unique microcapsule for mosquito repellant finish on polyester & its rich blend with cotton, viscose etc. Its finish applied is durable.
IR-----It is a unique mosquito repellant finish for cellulosics & natural fabrics. Vectors like mosquitoes and ticks are one of the biggest health risks in the world. A vector protection application with Alaroma-IR shows a clear reduction of bites and can pay a significant contribution to the well-being and safety of the user.
Features:
• Prevents from mosquitoes, ticks, tsetse flies etc. from landing/biting
• outstanding wash resistance & does not influence fabric color
• Suitable for combinations with many textile additives
• Will not interrupt your outdoor adventures from the threat nor shear nuisances of insects.
• Specially formulated so not to stain or damage your clothing, other fabrics, gear and equipment, including plastics or finished surfaces.
• Odourless after drying, & during spray application.
• It is Oeko-Tex Standard 100, Class I-IV compliance.
• Chemically bonds itself to the fabric fibers as a part of the drying process. The fiber bonding allows the molecules to keep on working to defend you, even though the roughest days out door sand with repeated washings.
Unique catalyst & desorbing agent greatly accelerate action of chlorine bleach on indigo Sulfur, azo and direct colour dyes on native fibres.
Ensures 50% reduction in chlorine bleach concentration & reduces bleach time for improved productivity.
Bleaching process at lower temperatures allowing savings in fuel costs & energy costs.
vastly reduced effluent quantities
Is “ECO FRIENDLY” & “ENVIRONMENTALLY SAFE”.
Helps processing of Tencel Blends
Non-ionic
Hypochlorite Bleach Catalyst
Concentrated powder form bleach bath accelerator designed for catalyzing faster formation of active
bleaching species resulting in enhanced productivity and
optimizing the quantity of hypo chlorite required
less load on effluent, reduces bleach cycle, improves productivity, reduces fabric damage.
Amplify Black---Colour deepening agent increases the depth of dyed textile po...Ketan Gandhi
Amplify Black is a colour deepening agent designed to increase the depth of primarily polyester, cotton. Wool and their blended fabrics, dyed in black, navy blue or dark shades by post treatment of fabric. Excellent colour deepening effects are observed on other fabric substrates i.e. cotton, viscose, acetate, acrylic, wool and their blends also.
Aquasil hs-new--"Next Generation hydrophilic “softener for a demanding textil...Ketan Gandhi
1) durable non-yellowing hydrophilic silicone softener
2) Exhibits excellent soft, smooth and greasy bulky hand while retaining the fabrics original water absorbency & pile,
3) Excellent wicking and moisture transport.
4) It is shear stable and hence suitable in application in high turbulence equipment’s like JET, Soft flow machine etc.
5) Revolutionary Technology of Hydrophilic Silicone
6) A Solution for Economic Damage of Textiles.
Dyefix CF--Chlorine Fastness Improver For dyed Cellulosic FabricsKetan Gandhi
Description:
“Dyefix-CF” is developed as a dye fixing agent
2)improves fastness to chlorine of reactive dyed or printed cellulosic fibres,
3) an excellent after fixing agent for improving fastness to chlorine and wet contact staining.
4) suitable as a dye fixing agent for sulphur, vat, direct & reactive dyes.
5) Striking the right chemistry in fabric.
6) A solution for dyers to improve colour fastness of dyed fabric to washing and laundering.
Product to give---Special effects on Denim & Garments
Product Name ---Ultrafresh MG,
Ionicity ----Non-ionic,
Description -----. Product to produce unique bleach finishes
Statistics
Garment Processing Chemical----Ultrafresh mg [A powdered product used to pr...Ketan Gandhi
product name--ULTRAFRESH MG
Ionicity----------No-nionic
Used for finishes on denim such as French Frost, ice wash, white wash, snow wash and acid wash.
Also used to achieve a ‘worn’ appearance on light weight garments like fleece and T-shirts
Can be used at different dosages to obtain many finishes.
Gives very good ocean wash effect on corduroy fabric
It is non-aqueous method for fading a previously dyed denim fabric. When use suitably it can achieve the following effect:
• Cracked look
• Ice look
• Bright white look
• Black sky look
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
2. Causes of yellowing during storage
The intensive yellowing of white or pastel colored
textile good is very often a result of the presence of
phenol-based antioxidants (butylated hydroxyl toluene
derivates).
This chemistry is low in cost and highly effective.
Due to its low vapor pressure it is volatile and can be
transferred to textile goods easily.
Products of this type are commonly used as
stabilizers in Fibre production, Further textile
processing. Packing materials (e.g. polyethylene
wrapping films, packing material in general)
3. • Storage yellowing
• Typical Appearance
• Lemon yellow colour of fabric
• Yellow substance is soluble in alcohol
• Yellow colour often behaves like an indicator :
• Disappearance with acid and reappearance with alkali
4. Factors influencing the yellowing
Various factors influence the yellowing of white
textile goods in presence of antioxidants :
Storage conditions
o Atmosphere composition in store, shop and
home (NOX beside other pollutants)
o Humidity and temperature
o Heating and ventilation
o Storage time
o Illumination
o Ozone fading
Composition of hot air, particularly on drying /
curing/heat-setting equipment with direct gas
heating when nitrogen oxides are produced due to
unproper burning conditions.
5. Causes :
Reaction of nitrous oxides (Nox) in the air with phenolic substances :
Antioxidants e.g. based on butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) often used in cardboards,
synthetic materials, plastic films or plastic parts.
+ Phenolic substance
+ Nitrous oxides
Yellowing is favoured by pH > 6 ( yellow colour of BHT-Nox reaction products is pH –
dependent )
Yellowing can be favoured by cationic charges on the fabric (affinity of BHT-NOx reaction
products to cationic charges)
Fabric finished with cationic softeners or cationic after treatment : cationic charges, attract
antioxidants.
7. Precautions lowering the risk of yellowing
As long as such antioxidants are used it is virtually very
difficult to prevent such yellowing. To reduce this
yellowing we recommend :
Warn customers to ensure that fibres and auxiliaries are
free of phenolic antioxidants. Especially packing or
wrapping materials should be free of antioxidants (phenol
free low density polyethylene bags)
Adjust the final finish with some non volatile organic acid
(shade and optical brightener should be acid stable)
To avoid the presence of nitrogen oxides (NOX) during
production and storage (no direct gas heat, all
transportation systems such as fork-lift trucks with electric
motors, good ventilation in warehouse to avoid air
pollution).
8. Normally white PA turn yellow even under
slightly acid conditions. This is due to the
cationic character of the free amino end-groups
of PA which interact with the
antioxidant derivate.
Quench APY/Quench-AY / LG are preventing
such yellowing while blocking the free amino
end-groups of the PA.
For the application in general we recommend
to use slight acid conditions. Please check
also whether the optical brightener is acid
stable if non-volatile acids are used.
9. Counter products :
• Quench-AY
Nylon fiber yellowing preventing agent
Special nature of the applications
Phenol yellow change very excellent suppression
Vanillin (vanillin) and BHT (di-tert-butyl-p-cresol), yellowing caused by
the suppression effect is very excellent
High affinity for the nylon fiber
• Quench-LG
Highly effective anti-yellowing agent for polyamide & blends with elastane
during storage.
Reduces or prevent yellowing during storage.
10. • Quench-APY
Is a high performance composition designed for treating fabrics & garments
fromyellowing due to Storage conditions
Atmosphere composition in store, shop and home (NOX beside other
pollutants)
Humidity and temperature
Heating and ventilation
Storage time
Illumination
11. Quench – UWP
Is highly effective fiber stabilizer for reducing yellowing of polyamide
and PA blends during exposure of any kind of heat.
It protects all types of polymide fibers and their blends with elastomer
fibers against oxidative damage, thus reducing yellowing due to
thermic and photochemical influence. Avoids yellowing of optical
brightened polyamide and it blends during heat setting or molding
processes.
Prevents shade changes of pastel dyed polyamide and its blends during
heat setting or molding treatments.
Applicable on all textile substrates in exhaust or padding processes
Products prevent reactions of nitrous oxides and phenolic substances
coming from packing material etc. during storage.
No / less yellowing of stored textile
No / less complaints of retailers or consumers.
12. Typical appearance :
• Yellowing colour marking outer folds
or surfaces of ready made folded
denim fabrics
• Yellowish colour can be removed by
warm rinsing but leaves brightened
areas.
• Often occurring in summer, also
without light.
13. Causes:
Unsuitable cationic softeners
Reaction of indigo with ozone
and nitrous oxides
Prevention :
Use of softeners avoiding
yellowing and minimizing ozone
fading
Packing of ready-made denim
articles avoiding or minimizing
exposure to exhaust.
Fumes in stores.
14. Our recommendation for antiozonate:
Aquasorb-OZ / Powersil-NOZ
Avoids shade changes due to yellowing of fabrics dyed with
indigo.
Gives smooth and very soft handle to cotton and yellow fabrics
Applicable in padding or exhaust process.
15. Causes for yellowing during heat setting or molding :
Decomposition of lubricants/spin finishes (yellowing of
substances on the fibres)
Decomposition of cationic softeners (yellowing of substances on
the fibres)
Reaction of monomers, oligomers or functional groups
(yellowing of fibre itself)
Especially PA: migration of antioxidants from within the fiber to
the surface. [ yellow reaction products with nitrous oxides,
especially in gas heated stenters]
16. Yellowing of substances on the fibre :
Scouring the fabric prior to heat treatment
Pre-emulsifying of spin finishes and lubricants by padding with
suitable products and washing off during subsequent
dyeing/finishing (especially important in case of micro fibres)
Altranol-GR For PES & PA & CO/EL
A unique product that prevents yellowing of polyester,
polyamide & their blends with elastane during the heat
setting process. Specially designed for the production of
pale shades & optically brightened whites
17. Yellowing of cationic softeners
Use of suitable pseudo cationic softeners (quality of raw
materials and reaction control is crucial)
Yellowing due to reaction within or due to yellow reaction
products.
Application to fibre stabilizers [ radica / scavenger ]