Oligomer & the importance of Oligomer remover-------
Oligomer is a smaller chain length of polyester made up of two or more molecules of basic ethylene terephthlate i.e. dimer or trimer, produced as a side reaction during the manufacture of polyester. The Oligoester because of its smaller chain length is in the form of a fine powder which is entrapped is basic polymer and migrates to the surface during high temperature polyester dyeing.
Higher the depth more is the displacement of Oligomer to the fibre surface. Typically polyester fibres contain between 1.5-3.5% by mass of low molecular esters, the principal oligomer being cyclic tris (ethylene terephthalate) with smaller quantities of dimer, pentamer & other compounds. Approximately 0.1 % to 1.0 % of Oligomer is produced as a side reaction in the manufacture of basic polyester.
Oligomer & the importance of Oligomer remover, problems caused on its deposit, Removing Art, Solutions----
Softening agents are applied to textiles to improve their hand, drape, cutting and sewing qualities. An effective softener must be readily dispersible in rinse water and rapidly absorbed so that uniform deposition on the fabric can occur within a relatively short treatment time and generally, exhaustion should take place in about 5min for the softener to be effective and economically usable. It must impart softness, fluffiness and lubricity to the treated cloth and reduce static build-up, especially in the case of hydrophobic fibers like cellulose acetate, nylon, polyester and acrylic fibers. These effects should be obtained without the loss of fabric whiteness or brightness, and then the treated fabric should retain its ability to absorb in subsequent use for drying the body (bath towels) or other surfaces. Fabric softener (also called fabric conditioner) is used to prevent static cling and make fabric softer. It is available as a liquid or as dryer sheets. Popular brand names include Downy (Lenor), Snuggle, Bounce, Comfort and Sta-Soft.I believe that, the knowledge of this report will help future carrier of every textile engineer.
Oligomer & the importance of Oligomer remover-------
Oligomer is a smaller chain length of polyester made up of two or more molecules of basic ethylene terephthlate i.e. dimer or trimer, produced as a side reaction during the manufacture of polyester. The Oligoester because of its smaller chain length is in the form of a fine powder which is entrapped is basic polymer and migrates to the surface during high temperature polyester dyeing.
Higher the depth more is the displacement of Oligomer to the fibre surface. Typically polyester fibres contain between 1.5-3.5% by mass of low molecular esters, the principal oligomer being cyclic tris (ethylene terephthalate) with smaller quantities of dimer, pentamer & other compounds. Approximately 0.1 % to 1.0 % of Oligomer is produced as a side reaction in the manufacture of basic polyester.
Oligomer & the importance of Oligomer remover, problems caused on its deposit, Removing Art, Solutions----
Softening agents are applied to textiles to improve their hand, drape, cutting and sewing qualities. An effective softener must be readily dispersible in rinse water and rapidly absorbed so that uniform deposition on the fabric can occur within a relatively short treatment time and generally, exhaustion should take place in about 5min for the softener to be effective and economically usable. It must impart softness, fluffiness and lubricity to the treated cloth and reduce static build-up, especially in the case of hydrophobic fibers like cellulose acetate, nylon, polyester and acrylic fibers. These effects should be obtained without the loss of fabric whiteness or brightness, and then the treated fabric should retain its ability to absorb in subsequent use for drying the body (bath towels) or other surfaces. Fabric softener (also called fabric conditioner) is used to prevent static cling and make fabric softer. It is available as a liquid or as dryer sheets. Popular brand names include Downy (Lenor), Snuggle, Bounce, Comfort and Sta-Soft.I believe that, the knowledge of this report will help future carrier of every textile engineer.
It is an intermediate process. The main object of ball warping is to prepare log for the rope dyeing machine. Here magazine type of creels is used for the creeling of yarns in the form of cheese. The no. of ends taken one as per requirement of further processes that is for preparing the weavers beam .According to no. of ends in each group, the respective creeling is done to make the required no. of logs to be used at the creeling zone of rope dyeing machine.
Lab dip is a process by which buyers supplied swatch is matched with the varying dyes percentage in the laboratory with or without help of “DATA COLOR”
Lab dip plays an important role in shade matching & and detaching the characteristics of the dyes and chemicals are to be used in the large scale of production. So this is an important task before bulk production.
It is an intermediate process. The main object of ball warping is to prepare log for the rope dyeing machine. Here magazine type of creels is used for the creeling of yarns in the form of cheese. The no. of ends taken one as per requirement of further processes that is for preparing the weavers beam .According to no. of ends in each group, the respective creeling is done to make the required no. of logs to be used at the creeling zone of rope dyeing machine.
Lab dip is a process by which buyers supplied swatch is matched with the varying dyes percentage in the laboratory with or without help of “DATA COLOR”
Lab dip plays an important role in shade matching & and detaching the characteristics of the dyes and chemicals are to be used in the large scale of production. So this is an important task before bulk production.
Pretreatment ,Impurities in natural fibre; Chemistry and practice of preparatory processes for cotton, wool and silk; Mercerization of cotton; Preparatory processes for manmade fibres and their blends,Carbonization ,Scouring barium acitivity number .
Texturising or texturizing is the process by which synthetic fibres are modified to change their texture - the physical appearance of the fibreTexturising techniques can include bulking (where thermoplastic fibres are twisted, heat set and untwisted), crimping and coiling, amongst others.
Super Tannery Ltd, is the world’s leading Buffalo leather tannery and specializes in the manufacture of high quality leather for Automotive & Furniture Upholstery, Safety & Lifestyle Footwear, Bags, Belts, Sporting Goods and Equestrian equipment.
techniques used for preparing serial sections using microtomes include dehydrating agents and clearing agents ,this slide includes some details on dehydrating and clearing agents
SYLAST Series is a range of high quality lubricants for sewing threads,yarn lubrication, wet waxing & softening.The range includes anhydrous lubricants and water based emulsions enabling reduction in coefficient of friction,improved heat dissipation,needle protection,static control and reduced fabric damage.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !
Oligomer remover
1.
2. Oligomer is a smaller chain length of polyester made up of two or more molecules of basic ethylene terephthlate i.e. dimer or trimer, produced as a side reaction during the manufacture of polyester. The Oligoester because of its smaller chain length is in the form of a fine powder which is entrapped is basic polymer and migrates to the surface during high temperature polyester dyeing. cyclic tris (ethylene terephthalate)
3. Higher the depth more is the displacement of Oligomer to the fibre surface. Typically polyester fibres contain between 1.5-3.5% by mass of low molecular esters, the principal oligomer being cyclic tris (ethylene terephthalate) with smaller quantities of dimer, pentamer & other compounds. Approximately 0.1 % to 1.0 % of Oligomer is produced as a side reaction in the manufacture of basic polyester. cyclic tris (ethylene terephthalate)
4.
5. Those skilled in the art have therefore tried to remove oligomers from polyester by means of various after-treatment methods. For example, it is known that oligomers may partly be eliminated by rinsing the polyester with hot water or by subjecting the polyester to an alkaline reductive after-treatment in the presence of a tenside, for example a fatty acid polyglycol ester, at elevated temperatures. However, cyclic oligomers may be difficult to remove and resistant to such an alkaline post treatment. Therefore, to be effective, alkaline treatment must be severe, which results in a significant loss of polyester fiber material.
6. Organic solvents have also been used to try to remove oligomers from polyester but it is difficult to find one that is compatible with and non-injurious to the textile material. Chlorinated hydrocarbons, fluorinated hydrocarbons and hydrocarbons themselves have also been used in the art to remove oligomer deposits. All of the before-mentioned treatments used in the art pose production problems along with time and cost issues. Accordingly, there is a need in the art for removing oligomer deposits that results in minimal interruptions in production and poses little threat to the quality of the polyester or polyester textile product.
7. Cyclic tris (ethylene terephthalate) is insoluble in water. Solubility is increased in presence of carriers like Dylev-EC, Dylev-CB , Dylev-DIF promotes migration of the trimer to the surface of fibre. But a dispersing agent like Dytec-DAN should be present to prevent crystallization & deposition of the oligomers.The longer the dyeing time the more oligomers will be released. Dark shades may produce more oligomer than paler shades because the dyeing time is longer. When oligomers are released from polyester fibre, after some time at 130ºC, there will not be an efficient dispersing agent in the bath to prevent crystillization of the oligomers, and to prevent small particles of oligomers coming together to form agglomerates, & depositing on the yarn & the machine. Altrasperse-OLG liquid will maintain the oligomers in fine dispersion form & prevent redepositing of the trimers on the fabric so that when the machine is drained more oligomer goes down the drain.
8. Receipe during dyeing: In the case of dark shades and/ or long dyeing times, the following formulation is recommended : 0.5 – 2 g/l Altrasperse-OLG liquid 0.5-1.0g/l Dylev DIF / Dylev-CB 0.5 g/l Dytec-DAN Receipe during alkaline weight reduction of polyester: During alkaline weight reduction of polyester terephthalic acid is generated & to keep it in dispersion form Altranol-OR is very effective. Altranol-OR act as a effective micronizer & disperser of terephthalic acid. Altranol-OR 1-2 g/l 75-80ºC for 20-30 mins 100-130ºC Warm rinsing Weight reduction Neutralization Altranol-OR(75-80ºC)
9. The dyeing machine to be cleaned is filled with water and the following is added: 3-5 g/l Altranol-ORM 4-6 ml/l Caustic soda solution 50% 1-2g/l Sodium hydrosulphite Then heated upto 135ºC and treated for 20-40 mins. If possible, drain immediately and rinse. Otherwise, cool to approx. 90ºC, drain and rinse. On dyeing machines such as jets and overflows the additional use of a CO back cloth has proved of advantage to increase the cleaning effect further.
10. In order to assess performance in dispersing oligomers, the degree of dispersion was compared with and without Altranol-OR in the black paper filtration of oligomers, extracted with the use of dioxane into an acidic or alkaline solution. 1. Test on dispersion in acidic solution (to simulate oligomer remaining during dyeing) Oligomer solution 10 cc/200 cc Altrasperse-OLG 1-2 g/l Acetic acid pH=5 The dispersing agent was add to the test solution with pH adjusted to 5 using acetic acid while being stirred. After the temperature was raised to 130 ゜ C then cooled to 80 ゜ C, suction filtration was carried out using black filter paper.
11. 2. Test on dispersion during weight reduction Test Purpose: Dispersion of terephthalic acid generated by weight reduction Specimen: Liquor after weight reduction Test items: Vacuum filter(Using black coloured filter paper Test condition Blank 20% liquid of caustic treatment 20% liquid of caustic treatment Altranol-OR(2 g/l) Products Blank 1 Test No-1 Blank-2 Test No-2 Liquor after weight reduction 20% solution 20% solution 5% solution 5% solution Altranol-OR --- 2 g/l --- 2 g/l Acetic acid pH 4.5-5.5 4.5 - 5.5 4.5 – 5.5 4.5 – 5.5