Describe the Impacts of Textile Effluent on Environment and their possible remedial measures.

1. Impacts of Textile Effluent on Environment and their
possible remedial measures

2. Introduction
Textile effluent is considered to be the most
polluting element emitted from the textile
industry. It affects the environment very
badly. In the developing country like
Bangladesh, this condition is more eyes
catching. The effluent becomes the source of
pollution of the environment. It pollutes the
surface and subsurface water, soil and air.
Now a day, its proper management and
remedial measures like disposal system has
become the most serious challenges all over
the world and also in Bangladesh.

3. Definition of Effluent
Textile effluent can be defined as the stream
of excess chemical liquor from the textile
industry after using in original operation.
It is defined by the English Dictionary as
“liquid waste or sewage discharged into a
river or in the sea”.
So we can say that, the waste water
discharged from the textile industry is called
effluent.

4. Effluent from Textile Industry

5. Impacts of Textile Effluent on environment
Generally, the textile industries release a large
amount of effluents, which contain toxic and
hazardous pollutants degrades the environment
very badly. Textile industrial effluents also show
toxic effects on aquatic macrophytes and algae,
as it is noticed that, aquatic macrophytes could
hardly survive 2 days on textile effluent.

6. Cont…
The effects can broadly be described as follows:
Surface water pollution
The effluent becomes the source of pollution of
the surface water. Generally, surface water is
used for irrigation, bathing domestic animals,
household usage etc. So, the surface water
becomes unusable. It can’t be used for drinking,
cooking, bathing, irrigation etc.
Ground water pollution
Ground water considered to be the most
important source of drinking water. Human
being depends on the ground water for
drinking purpose. It is noticed that ground
water is uncontaminated still now. But, if this
condition is going on then the ground water
will be polluted gradually.

7. Cont…
Pollution of soil
Besides polluting the ground and surface water,
textile effluent pollutes the soil also. Soil is the most
important medium for growing plant, bushes,
crops etc. The quality of crops depends upon the
quality of soil. So, when the quality of soil decreases
due to industrial effluent, the amount and quality
of crops also decreases. It is also seen that, the
lower lands becomes more polluted than the higher
lands. Because, the effluents ultimately deposited in
the lower lands.
Air pollution
The effluents also put effects on air. Effluent
pollutes the air by mixing bad odor in air.

8. Remedial measures
By Effluent treatment and disposal system
Generally textile effluent includes dyes and
chemicals which is the major case of
polluting the environment. Main pollution
in effluent comes from dyeing and finishing
process. The main pollutants in effluent are
high suspended solids, chemical oxygen
demand, heat, color, acidity and other
soluble substances. So, substances which
need to be removed from the effluent are
mainly COD, BOD, Nitrogen, Heavy metals
and Dyestuff.

9. Cont…
The process sequences involved in effluent
treatment are as follows:
 Primary filtration
 Cooling and mixing
 Neutralization tank
 Coagulant bath
 Settling tank
 Pressure filter
 Discharge

11. Cont…
By Increasing Awareness
If we want to reduce the bad impacts of
Textile Effluent on environment we should be
aware of the bad effects of the Effluent. The
authority of the Textile industry should be
aware of it. The authorities always look for
their benefits, but they should also look for the
healthy environment.
By maintaining Government rules and
regulations
The government of every country put some
rules and regulations for the industries. So, the
authority of the industry should maintain the
government rules and regulations.

12. Conclusion
From the above discussion it is noticed that,
textile effluent pollutes the environment very
badly. So we should pay a great attention to
eradicate the environment pollution from
effluent and save the environment.