The document presents a proposal for the interdisciplinary co-design of civic software systems. It outlines the committee overseeing the PhD defense, which includes experts from various fields like computer science, sociology, and cultural studies. The introduction discusses the context of electronic participation and civic networking platforms as socio-technical systems. It presents the problem statements around existing digitization efforts not transforming power relations, and the challenges of designing, building, and operating such complex civic systems. The objective is to develop a methodology for collaborative design adapted to stakeholders' interests and skills.
NATIONAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (NIS): Brazilian NIS developed according Lattes ...Roberto C. S. Pacheco
WORKSHOP ON ELECTRONIC PLATFORMS IN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION (BRAZIL-USA)
United States and Brazil Summit
Centro de Gestão e Estudos Estratégicos – Brazil, DF. January 17 and 18 2011.
The conventional use of technology at an administrative level constitutes much more than its usage as
an engineered object. Factual evidence of this was established through a study conducted at LSE, to
analyze how the ultimate outcome of technology in practice is largely determined by the interactions
that technology has with its users coming from different institutionalized environments. To do so, the
popular technical deterministic approach is extended, by adopting a socio-political lens aimed at
understanding “technology in practice”. The social constructivist and the structurational stance, put
together, highlight the delicate intricacies that take place during the recursive interaction between the
user and technology, which shapes technology into a socially politicized object.
NATIONAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (NIS): Brazilian NIS developed according Lattes ...Roberto C. S. Pacheco
WORKSHOP ON ELECTRONIC PLATFORMS IN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION (BRAZIL-USA)
United States and Brazil Summit
Centro de Gestão e Estudos Estratégicos – Brazil, DF. January 17 and 18 2011.
The conventional use of technology at an administrative level constitutes much more than its usage as
an engineered object. Factual evidence of this was established through a study conducted at LSE, to
analyze how the ultimate outcome of technology in practice is largely determined by the interactions
that technology has with its users coming from different institutionalized environments. To do so, the
popular technical deterministic approach is extended, by adopting a socio-political lens aimed at
understanding “technology in practice”. The social constructivist and the structurational stance, put
together, highlight the delicate intricacies that take place during the recursive interaction between the
user and technology, which shapes technology into a socially politicized object.
The Personalization Challenge: Context and Culture Metadata for Mobile Learning
In this keynote, we addressed m-learning adaptation based on a standardized context description. The context description contains cultural, organization and individual factors as a base for adaptable and adaptive systems. This is used on the openscout project which is about adaptation of learning resources also in the international context.
Smart Cities - The IntelCities Project - The Community of Practice as a virtu...Smart Cities Project
This report outlines the IntelCities Community of Practice (CoP) in terms of the capacity-building, co-design, monitoring and evaluation exercises underpinning the (virtual) organization’s eGovernment (eGov) service developments. It describes the CoP in terms of both the defining features and characteristics of the e-learning platform and knowledge management system developed under the IntelCities project.
Social media provides a natural platform for dynamic emergence of citizen (as) sensor communities, where the citizens share information, express opinions, and engage in discussions. Often such a Online Citizen Sensor Community (CSC) has stated or implied goals related to workflows of organizational actors with defined roles and responsibilities. For example, a community of crisis response volunteers, for informing the prioritization of responses for resource needs (e.g., medical) to assist the managers of crisis response organizations. However, in CSC, there are challenges related to information overload for organizational actors, including finding reliable information providers and finding the actionable information from citizens. This threatens awareness and articulation of workflows to enable cooperation between citizens and organizational actors. CSCs supported by Web 2.0 social media platforms offer new opportunities and pose new challenges. This work addresses issues of ambiguity in interpreting unconstrained natural language (e.g., ‘wanna help’ appearing in both types of messages for asking and offering help during crises), sparsity of user and group behaviors (e.g., expression of specific intent), and diversity of user demographics (e.g., medical or technical professional) for interpreting user-generated data of citizen sensors. Interdisciplinary research involving social and computer sciences is essential to address these socio-technical issues in CSC, and allow better accessibility to user-generated data at higher level of information abstraction for organizational actors. This study presents a novel web information processing framework focused on actors and actions in cooperation, called Identify-Match-Engage (IME), which fuses top-down and bottom-up computing approaches to design a cooperative web information system between citizens and organizational actors. It includes a.) identification of action related seeking-offering intent behaviors from short, unstructured text documents using both declarative and statistical knowledge based classification model, b.) matching of intentions about seeking and offering, and c.) engagement models of users and groups in CSC to prioritize whom to engage, by modeling context with social theories using features of users, their generated content, and their dynamic network connections in the user interaction networks. The results show an improvement in modeling efficiency from the fusion of top-down knowledge-driven and bottom-up data-driven approaches than from conventional bottom-up approaches alone for modeling intent and engagement. Several applications of this work include use of the engagement interface tool during recent crises to enable efficient citizen engagement for spreading critical information of prioritized needs to ensure donation of only required supplies by the citizens. The engagement interface application also won the United Nations ICT agency ITU's Young Innovator 2014 award.
The Virtuous Circle of Use, Attitude, Experience and Digital InclusioneLearning Papers
Authors: Roger Esteller-Curto, Raúl Marín, Pilar Escuder-Mollon
eAdoption refers to how people learn to become ICT users. ‘Digital inclusion’ however is a more complex status, related to people's participation in communities and in other dimensions of society, based on knowledge.
Open communities of innovation pioneers: the Musigen case studyGiuseppe Naccarato
We call innovation pioneers the experts in a scientific or technical domain in the early stages
of its development. Advances in information technologies allow networks of organizations
and individuals to exchange ideas and knowledge. Not differently from what has happened in
communities of consumers with the emergence of the so called prosumers, ICT can support
communities of innovation pioneers.
However, the role of IT in this domain has not been studied extensively in the management
literature. Understanding the dynamics of communities of innovation pioneers, instead, can
provide companies with precious knowledge on future breakthrough innovations.
This paper means to deepen our understanding of communities of innovation pioneers and the
role of IT in supporting them.
To achieve this goal, we investigate the case of Musigen, a new web platform with the
purpose to support knowledge sharing in the generative music field.
Presentation used for a seminar at the Jagiellonian University of Cracow (PL).
It provided an introduction to the field of Technopolitics and eParticipation as a research domain.
Presentation included several videos and a lot of animations. It is therefore recommended to download it.
Keynote at ICSME 2017, Shanghai, China.
Title: The Elusive Nature of Software Documentation and Why Understanding How Knowledge Flows Matters
Abstract: Many developers consider writing documentation to be a painful and under-appreciated activity, yet the same developers often complain that a lack of documentation significantly hampers their work. Other developers argue that documentation is passé as developers more readily curate and exchange knowledge through networked platforms such as Slack, Twitter, and Stack Overflow. And while the savvy modern developer will know who to follow, who to ask, and where to look when they need software knowledge, finding the right knowledge at the right time remains a serious development bottleneck for many. Recognizing that these platforms contain golden nuggets of useful information, we see tremendous effort being directed at designing methods for capturing, mining, extracting, and distributing software knowledge, but will they succeed if we lack a good understanding of how knowledge flows in software development projects and communities? Through this talk, I will discuss the elusive nature of documentation and why I believe documentation will always be hard to define, capture, distribute, keep up to date, and to find, and I will argue that we should focus more on understanding, supporting, and amplifying knowledge flow in distributed software development.
Strategic Management of S&T Information for Innovation PromotionRoberto C. S. Pacheco
The National Innovation System Players (and their needs). Where we came from (regarding ICT)
The ICT Goals: Information Modeling
Methodology and Technological Architecture. Presentation at euroCRIS Members Meeting. 2005 - November. Lisbon
Connecting Information to Strategic Needs
Outcomes: supporting public policies
connecting scientific communities. The Open road:
challenges; opportunities; a new kind of IT professional
The Personalization Challenge: Context and Culture Metadata for Mobile Learning
In this keynote, we addressed m-learning adaptation based on a standardized context description. The context description contains cultural, organization and individual factors as a base for adaptable and adaptive systems. This is used on the openscout project which is about adaptation of learning resources also in the international context.
Smart Cities - The IntelCities Project - The Community of Practice as a virtu...Smart Cities Project
This report outlines the IntelCities Community of Practice (CoP) in terms of the capacity-building, co-design, monitoring and evaluation exercises underpinning the (virtual) organization’s eGovernment (eGov) service developments. It describes the CoP in terms of both the defining features and characteristics of the e-learning platform and knowledge management system developed under the IntelCities project.
Social media provides a natural platform for dynamic emergence of citizen (as) sensor communities, where the citizens share information, express opinions, and engage in discussions. Often such a Online Citizen Sensor Community (CSC) has stated or implied goals related to workflows of organizational actors with defined roles and responsibilities. For example, a community of crisis response volunteers, for informing the prioritization of responses for resource needs (e.g., medical) to assist the managers of crisis response organizations. However, in CSC, there are challenges related to information overload for organizational actors, including finding reliable information providers and finding the actionable information from citizens. This threatens awareness and articulation of workflows to enable cooperation between citizens and organizational actors. CSCs supported by Web 2.0 social media platforms offer new opportunities and pose new challenges. This work addresses issues of ambiguity in interpreting unconstrained natural language (e.g., ‘wanna help’ appearing in both types of messages for asking and offering help during crises), sparsity of user and group behaviors (e.g., expression of specific intent), and diversity of user demographics (e.g., medical or technical professional) for interpreting user-generated data of citizen sensors. Interdisciplinary research involving social and computer sciences is essential to address these socio-technical issues in CSC, and allow better accessibility to user-generated data at higher level of information abstraction for organizational actors. This study presents a novel web information processing framework focused on actors and actions in cooperation, called Identify-Match-Engage (IME), which fuses top-down and bottom-up computing approaches to design a cooperative web information system between citizens and organizational actors. It includes a.) identification of action related seeking-offering intent behaviors from short, unstructured text documents using both declarative and statistical knowledge based classification model, b.) matching of intentions about seeking and offering, and c.) engagement models of users and groups in CSC to prioritize whom to engage, by modeling context with social theories using features of users, their generated content, and their dynamic network connections in the user interaction networks. The results show an improvement in modeling efficiency from the fusion of top-down knowledge-driven and bottom-up data-driven approaches than from conventional bottom-up approaches alone for modeling intent and engagement. Several applications of this work include use of the engagement interface tool during recent crises to enable efficient citizen engagement for spreading critical information of prioritized needs to ensure donation of only required supplies by the citizens. The engagement interface application also won the United Nations ICT agency ITU's Young Innovator 2014 award.
The Virtuous Circle of Use, Attitude, Experience and Digital InclusioneLearning Papers
Authors: Roger Esteller-Curto, Raúl Marín, Pilar Escuder-Mollon
eAdoption refers to how people learn to become ICT users. ‘Digital inclusion’ however is a more complex status, related to people's participation in communities and in other dimensions of society, based on knowledge.
Open communities of innovation pioneers: the Musigen case studyGiuseppe Naccarato
We call innovation pioneers the experts in a scientific or technical domain in the early stages
of its development. Advances in information technologies allow networks of organizations
and individuals to exchange ideas and knowledge. Not differently from what has happened in
communities of consumers with the emergence of the so called prosumers, ICT can support
communities of innovation pioneers.
However, the role of IT in this domain has not been studied extensively in the management
literature. Understanding the dynamics of communities of innovation pioneers, instead, can
provide companies with precious knowledge on future breakthrough innovations.
This paper means to deepen our understanding of communities of innovation pioneers and the
role of IT in supporting them.
To achieve this goal, we investigate the case of Musigen, a new web platform with the
purpose to support knowledge sharing in the generative music field.
Presentation used for a seminar at the Jagiellonian University of Cracow (PL).
It provided an introduction to the field of Technopolitics and eParticipation as a research domain.
Presentation included several videos and a lot of animations. It is therefore recommended to download it.
Keynote at ICSME 2017, Shanghai, China.
Title: The Elusive Nature of Software Documentation and Why Understanding How Knowledge Flows Matters
Abstract: Many developers consider writing documentation to be a painful and under-appreciated activity, yet the same developers often complain that a lack of documentation significantly hampers their work. Other developers argue that documentation is passé as developers more readily curate and exchange knowledge through networked platforms such as Slack, Twitter, and Stack Overflow. And while the savvy modern developer will know who to follow, who to ask, and where to look when they need software knowledge, finding the right knowledge at the right time remains a serious development bottleneck for many. Recognizing that these platforms contain golden nuggets of useful information, we see tremendous effort being directed at designing methods for capturing, mining, extracting, and distributing software knowledge, but will they succeed if we lack a good understanding of how knowledge flows in software development projects and communities? Through this talk, I will discuss the elusive nature of documentation and why I believe documentation will always be hard to define, capture, distribute, keep up to date, and to find, and I will argue that we should focus more on understanding, supporting, and amplifying knowledge flow in distributed software development.
Strategic Management of S&T Information for Innovation PromotionRoberto C. S. Pacheco
The National Innovation System Players (and their needs). Where we came from (regarding ICT)
The ICT Goals: Information Modeling
Methodology and Technological Architecture. Presentation at euroCRIS Members Meeting. 2005 - November. Lisbon
Connecting Information to Strategic Needs
Outcomes: supporting public policies
connecting scientific communities. The Open road:
challenges; opportunities; a new kind of IT professional
ST&I Information systems: Brazilian initiatives frequently asked questionsRoberto C. S. Pacheco
This presentation has a synthesis of what was discussed with American representatives of Star Metrics Project. The Brazilian experiences of building Lattes Platform and similar projects is explained according to the most frequent questions raised at the collaboration meetings that occured in Brasilia (January 2011) and Washington (April 2011)
Data revolution or data divide? Can social movements bring the human back int...mysociety
This was presented by Kersti Ruth Wissenbach from the University of Amsterdam at the Impacts of Civic Technology Conference (TICTeC2016) in Barcelona on 27th April. You can find out more information about the conference here: https://www.mysociety.org/research/tictec-2016/
This is the presentation of the Juan Cruz-Benito’s PhD “On data-driven systems analyzing, supporting and enhancing users’ interaction and experience” that was defended on September 3rd, 2018 in the Faculty of Sciences at University of Salamanca Spain. This PhD was graded with the maximum qualification “Sobresaliente Cum Laude”.
Information System Design in Context of Social InformaticsSaptarshi Ghosh
Informatics is a branch of information engineering. It involves the practice of information processing and the engineering of information systems, and as an academic field it is an applied form of information science.
The field considers the interaction between humans and information alongside the construction of interfaces, organisations, technologies and systems.
Working at the Edge: Developing a Cross-disciplinary Research AgendaArosha Bandara
Slides from a seminar delivered to the School of Computing & Communications on the opportunities of cross-disciplinary research and strategies for overcoming some of the challenges.
Presentation used to present CitYsens at the prestigious business school Instituto de Empresa (IE), in Madrid, together with the projects from other GameChangers supported by UnLtd Spain.
Presentación utilizada como parte del seminario sobre "Políticas de Juventud en épocas de crisis", que tuvo lugar en el marco del XXXII Encuentro Internacional de Juventud de Cabueñes, en Gijon, entre el 10 y el 13 de octubre de 2014 http://www.cabuenes.org/encuentro_4.php
Presentation used at the PDD2014 Conference on "Contemporary difficulties and future prospects for participatory and deliberative democracy". Newcastle upon Tyne, 9-11 July 2014
Materiales propuestos para la Unidad 3 "Transparencia, Ciudadanía Digital y Gobierno Abierto" del Diplomado en Gestión Estratégica de TI para el CIO del Sector Público y Tercer Sector, impartido por el Colegio de las Américas de la Organización Universitaria Interamericana http://colam.oui-iohe.org/es/
Utilizado en un Webinar de presentación de la unidad 3 "Transparencia, Ciudadanía Digital y Gobierno Abierto" del Diplomado en Gestión Estratégica de TI para el CIO del Sector Público y Tercer Sector, impartido por el Colegio de las Américas de la Organización Universitaria Interamericana http://colam.oui-iohe.org/es/
Presentation we used at the "Local Digital Democracy" lab from the World Forum for Democracy. The Forum was hosted by the Council of Europe, 27-29.11.2013
The presentation includes animations, so you better download it and watch it using Powerpoint.
Ponencia marco impartida por el presidente de la Asociación Kyopol -Pedro Prieto Martín- en el marco de la jornada sobre Redes Digitales y Participación Local organizada por la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, el 16 de Mayo de 2013.
Lee más sobre el evento en: http://rumboalorien.kyopol.net/redes-digitales-y-participacion-local/
-- "Challenges for the application of ICT for participation at the local level"
Keynote Speech by Pedro Prieto-Martín (President of the Association Kyopol) in the Workshop on "Digital Networks and Local Participation" organised by the Univesitat Autónoma de Barcelona, May 16th, 2013.
Read about the event here: http://roadtolorien.kyopol.net/digital-networks-and-local-participation/
Presentacion usada en el Lanzamiento del proceso de construcción del Sistema Kyopol, que tuvo lugar en la Posada del Diablo de Alcala de Henares, el 17 de Noviembre de 2012.
Presentación utilizada durante el curso libre sobre Transparencia y Gestión del Conocimiento en Municipios, acreditado por la Universidad San Carlos, de Guatemala, que fue impartido por la ONG Lagun Artean en Noviembre de 2012.
Presentación del curso libre sobre Transparencia y Gestión del Conocimiento en Municipios, acreditado por la Universidad San Carlos, de Guatemala, que fue impartido por la ONG Lagun Artean en Noviembre de 2012.
This article reflects, from a holistic and interdisciplinary perspective, on the challenges surrounding the development of eParticipation in Europe, with special focus on EU programs. To this end, we firstly assess the field’s practical and theoretical achievements and limitations, and corroborate that the progress of eParticipation in the last decade has not been completely satisfactory in spite of the significant share of resources invested to support it. We secondly attempt to diagnose and enlighten some of the field’s systemic problems and challenges which are responsible for this unsettling development. The domain’s maladies are grouped under tree main categories: (1) lack of a proper understanding and articulation with regard to the “Participation” field; (2) eParticipation community’s ‘founding biases’ around e-Government and academy; and (3) inadequacy of traditional Innovation Support Programmes to incentivize innovation in the eParticipation field. In the context of the ‘Europe 2020 Strategy’ and its flagship initiative “Innovation Union”, our final section provides several recommendations which could contribute to enhance the effectiveness of future European eParticipation actions.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdf
PhD Defense - Pedro Prieto-Martín - Dpt. Computer Science (UAH)
1. Creating the ‘Symbiotic city’
A proposal for the interdisciplinary
co-design and co-creation of
Civic Software Systems
PhD Candidate: Director & Co-Director:
Pedro Prieto Martín Luis de Marcos Ortega
Computer Science Dept, UAH Ass. Lect., Computer Science Dept., UAH
José Javier Martínez Herraiz
Senior Lect. Computer Science Dept., UAH
Committee: Tomás R. Villasante (Chair)
Emer. Prof., Dept. of Sociology II, Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Carmen Pagés Arévalo (Secretary)
Assoc. Lect., Computer Science Dept., Universidad de Alcalá
Fernando Flores
Assoc. Lect., Dept. of Art and Cultural Sciences, Lunds Universitet (SE)
Ángel Badillo Matos
Senior Lect., Dept. of Sociology and Communication, Universidad de Salamanca
Miguel Angel Patricio Guisado
Senior Lect., Computer Science and Engineering Dept., Universidad Carlos III
2. Outline
1. Introduction
2. Review & Synthesis of literatures
3. Methodology & Research Itinerary
4. Findings & Discussion
5. Conclusions
Pedro Prieto-Martín, PhD Defense, UAH
1
3. Introduction
Context
(Electronic) Participation or “(e)Participation”:
“Everything that enables, broadens or deepens people’s capacity to
influence the decisions and get involved in the actions that affect
their lives ”
(including the use of ICT)” (Prieto-Martin 2012)
“Citizen participation is citizen power”
“Participation without redistribution of power is an empty
process […] [that] allows the power-holders to claim that all
sides were considered, but makes it possible for only some
of those sides to benefit. It maintains the status quo.”
Pedro Prieto-Martín, PhD Defense, UAH
2
4. Introduction Democratic
Context Institutions
of Citizens
(e)Participation
Technology
Pedro Prieto-Martín, PhD Defense, UAH
3
5. Introduction
Problem Statement (Wide)
The application of ICT in the political process has been oriented to digitize
and enhance existing processes and practices rather than to transform the
relations of power and influence behind such practices.
Professional politicians have "resisted actively to limit the potential
revolutionary and disruptive capacity of ICTs.” (Zittel 2005, Schmitter 2011)
Problem Statement (Concrete)
a. Civic Networking Platforms are socio-technical software systems that
explicitly aim to affect complex social realities and to influence the intricate
workings of political and administrative machineries.
b. Its design, construction and operation thus involve a series of exceptional
challenges and difficulties which, in turn, demand specific and
innovative approaches.
Pedro Prieto-Martín, PhD Defense, UAH
4
6. Introduction
Objective & Research Questions
Trans-disciplinarily analyze the field of municipal Civic Engagement,
with the aim to devise a methodology for the collaborative
design and construction of Civic Software Systems which are
adapted to the interests, needs and skills of social and political
actors involved in local governance.
What
for? Theories Developed
Why? EU?
countries
What?
Who? Practice
+
How?
Where? Context Impoverished LA?
When? countries
Pedro Prieto-Martín, PhD Defense, UAH
5
7. Outline
1. Introduction
2. Review & Synthesis of literatures
3. Methodology & Research Itinerary
4. Findings & Discussion
5. Conclusions
Pedro Prieto-Martín, PhD Defense, UAH
6
8. Review of literatures
Disciplines Participation Informatics
involved
Development
Studies Web
Political
Issues:
(e)Participation
Science Community Science
Informatics
…
• Silos & Public CSCW
Interdisciplinary Policy
…
failures Social
Movements
• Focus:
Participatory
Design
• Power: HCI
…
Software
Development
Models
?
Software
Engineering
Pedro Prieto-Martín, PhD Defense, UAH
7
9. Review of literatures
Academia
Disciplines
involved
Issues:
Practitioners
• Silos &
Interdisciplinary
failures
• Focus:
• Power: • Trans-disciplinary Context
failures
Pedro Prieto-Martín, PhD Defense, UAH
8
10. Review of literatures
Tübingen
Researcher Profile
Sololá (GT) Alcalá
/ Madrid Barcelona
Education:
93-98 Universidad Complutense
MSc. Computer Science
96-00: Universidad de Alcalá
Bach. Business Admin. (Hons)
Fortaleza (BR)
00-02: Univ. Autónoma de Madrid
~ 1st Degree Bach. Philosophy
02-04: Univ. Oberta de Catalunya
Master Sociology of Information Society Work experience:
00-06: Hewlett-Packard (DE)
Technical Lead – Develop. team
02-03: Universität Tübingen (DE)
05: Universidade Estadual do Ceará (BR)
06-12: Asoc. Ciudades Kyosei
07: Deutscher Entwicklungdienst (DE)
05: Prefeitura Fortaleza (BR)
11: Uniwersytet Jagielloński (PL)
09-10: Mun. Sololá (GT)
08-10: NGO Lagun Artean
Pedro Prieto-Martín, PhD Defense, UAH
9
11. Review of literatures
1. Participation
a. Models, concepts, theories
?
Pedro Prieto-Martín, PhD Defense, UAH
(Karsten 2011, Brodie et al. 2009, Cornwall 2008) 10
12. Review of literatures
1. Participation
a. Models, concepts, theories
Huge variety, with distinct value levels…
(Karsten 2011, Cornwall 2008, Brodie et al. 2009) Tetralemma
…mostly speculative, descriptive, non-falsifiable
Flowgram
b. Methods and Tools
A lot of variety and confusion too,
hardly manageable…
(Rowe & Frewer 2005, participedia.net)
…including valuable insights Sociogram
(eg: Ganuza et al. 2010, CIMAS 2009)
c. Cases, Good practices and Evaluation
Haystacks of cases with few needles inside
(oidp.net, participatedb.com)
Recently, more critical, systematic and empirical analysis
(eg: Alarcón Pérez et al. 2011, Fonte et al. 2011, Falck & Paño Yáñez 2011,
Sintomer & Ganuza 2011, Smith & Ryan 2011, Gaventa & Barret 2010, Lee
2011; Cornwall et al. 2008; Wilson & Leach 2011; Brodie et al. 2011)
Pedro Prieto-Martín, PhD Defense, UAH
11
13. Review of literatures
2. Software Design and Engineering
a. Development models, techniques, tools:
(Boehm 1986, Dennis et al. 2005)
Objectives
Prototypes
Validation
Iterative process
Pedro Prieto-Martín, PhD Defense, UAH
12
14. Review of literatures
2. Software Design and Engineering
b. Empirical methods for software engineering research:
(Myers & Avison 2002; Easterbrook et al. 2007; Cruz Neto 2008)
• Controlled experiments
• Survey research
• Case studies
• Ethnographies (e)Participation
• Action research
• Grounded Theory
c. People-Centered Design:
(Sanders et al. 2010)
Pedro Prieto-Martín, PhD Defense, UAH
13
15. Review of literatures
3. Informatics
a. Community Informatics:
(Wenger et al. 2009, De Cindio et al. 2007, 2012,
Brandtzæg et al. 2010, People 2012)
• From User-centric to Community-
centric design
• Communities as lead users
• Digital habitats
• Tools for communities
• Methods for Software development
Pedro Prieto-Martín, PhD Defense, UAH
14
16. Review of literatures
3. Informatics
b. eDemocracy & (e)Participation – The lost decade
(Sæbø et al. 2008, Kubicek 2010, Medaglia 2012)
Leading scholars acknowledge that most of the basic issues of the field are still not solved: inter-
disciplinarity is not working, research designs tend to be flawed, socio-technical issues haven’t been
successfully addressed, institutional and political resistance toward participation has not been targeted,
etc. (Macintosh, Coleman et al. 2012)
“The research field of eParticipation suffers from lack of comprehensive theoretical contributions,
insufficient depth, and inconsistency in definitions of central concepts […] “Central problems with
eParticipation research concern immaturity of the field, topical gaps, and biased assumptions […] The
coupling of Technology – Stakeholders –(Participatory) Environments is weak” (Susha & Grönlund 2012)
Research has been rather detached from its object of study as well as disconnected from the perceptions
of research participants, and has disregarded the evaluation of the outcomes and impacts of online
engagement (Coleman & Moss 2012)
No real breakthrough or even any significant research milestone can be reported for the field, as
the same questions that were open ten years ago remain unanswered nowadays. (Prieto Martín et
al. 2012)
In a moment of self-questioning, new perspectives are emerging
(Karlsson 2012; Astrom & Grönlund 2011, Chadwick 2011; Bannister & Connolly 2012, Liston et al.
2012, Simon 2011, Price 2011; van der Merwe & Meehan 2011, 2012)
Pedro Prieto-Martín, PhD Defense, UAH
15
17. Outline
1. Introduction
2. Review & Synthesis of literatures
3. Methodology & Research Itinerary
4. Findings & Discussion
5. Conclusions
Pedro Prieto-Martín, PhD Defense, UAH
16
18. Methodology & Research Itinerary
Starting Point
“The design of Digital Democracy Systems must start with an exhaustive and critic analysis
of previous experiences and proposals, and incorporate multi-disciplinary methodologies
(tecnological, socio-political and law) both for determining the requisites and determining
factors and for the evaluation of the system” (Carracedo Gallardo et al. 2003)
Determining requistes for eDemocracy Systems
(Carracedo Gallardo 2004)
Pedro Prieto-Martín, PhD Defense, UAH
17
19. Methodology & Research Itinerary
Transdisciplinary co-design of civic software [Feedback cycles]
Previous Preliminary αlphas cycle
Knowledge Objective
Articulated objectives,
collaborators
visions and intuitions
Theoretic internal cycle
Analysis cycle
Sociopolitical Participatory
- Refined research Design
objectives Collaborative
- Research Evaluation
Socio-technical
questions
research
Minimum viable product
Technical
research αlpha
Construction Pilot Projects
βeta
Doctoral Thesis
Permanent βeta
Sustaining, scaling & improvement
Pedro Prieto-Martín, PhD Defense, UAH
18
20. Methodology & Research Itinerary
Explorative research methods for systems’ design
Grounded Theory
• Case studies
(e)Participation
• Ethnographies
• Action research
• Grounded Theory
(Strauss y Corbin 1998; Urquhart 2010, 2012)
(Davison et al 2004)
Pedro Prieto-Martín, PhD Defense, UAH
19
21. Research Itinerary
Timeline BR
1 2 3
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
1
Civic Participation and ICTs at the municipal level: Consensus
1 System case in Catalonia [es]
Virtual Environments for citizen participation:
2 principal bases for design
3 Putting eParticipation research at the service of Civil Society
3
1 2 3
Participation X
BR
(e)Participation X X X
System Design X
Critical Appr. X
Pedro Prieto-Martín, PhD Defense, UAH
20
22. Research Itinerary
Timeline BR GT
1 2 3 4 5 6
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
4 5 6
4 The withered democracy [es]
5 Citizen Participation of the 20 th Century Citizen [es]
6 The odyssey of Participatory Budgeting in Brazil [es]
GT
1 2 3 4 5 6
Participation X X X X
(e)Participation X X X
System Design X
Critical Appr. X X X X
Pedro Prieto-Martín, PhD Defense, UAH
21
23. Research Itinerary
Timeline BR GT ES
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
7
7 The e-(R)evolution will not be funded 8
8 Citizen Participation of the 21 st Century
9 Collaborative construction of Civic Software
Systems [es]
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
X ES
Participation X X X X
(e)Participation X X X X X X
System Design X X
Critical Appr. X X X X X X X
Pedro Prieto-Martín, PhD Defense, UAH
22
24. Outline
1. Introduction
2. Review & Synthesis of literatures
3. Methodology & Research Itinerary
4. Findings & Discussion
5. Conclusions
Pedro Prieto-Martín, PhD Defense, UAH
23
25. Findings & Discussion
1. On Traditional Participation
a. Critical attitude toward the research subject…
Ciudadanía Ciudadanía
Ciudadanos Ciudadanos
Poder empresarial Poder empresarial
Corporaciones Corporaciones
Soc. civil organizada Soc. civil organizada
Actores políticos Actores políticos
Políticos Políticos
Medios de Medios de
comunicación masiva comunicación masiva
Partidos políticos Partidos políticos
Administración Administración
Poderes estatales pública Poderes estatales
pública
Ejecutivo Fuerzas de Ejecutivo Fuerzas de
seguridad seguridad
Judicatura Judicatura
Legislativo Legislativo
Actores internacionales Actores internacionales
Grupos disidentes Grupos disidentes
EU, OMC, BM, FMI EU, OMC, BM, FMI
Crimen organizado Crimen organizado
Otros estados Otros estados
Grupos de resistencia armada Grupos de resistencia armada
Mercados financieros Mercados financieros
Ideal of influence in Reality of influence in
liberal democracies liberal democracies
Pedro Prieto-Martín, PhD Defense, UAH
24
26. Findings & Discussion
1. On Traditional Participation
a. …situated within the “big context”…
Institutional view of a social system
Pedro Prieto-Martín, PhD Defense, UAH
25
27. Findings & Discussion
1. On Traditional Participation
a. …that dares to speak clear and honestly
Vicious Cycle of Participation
Intrinsic Problems
Incompatibilities Complex
- Political Expensive Participation =
- Legal Non-representative
- Cultural Non-inclusive
Less informed
1/5 · Deliberation +
- Socioeconomic
Conflict prone
- Organizational Non-deliberative 1/4 · Manipulation +
Difficult to scale
...
Rest · Politics as usual
(ie: a continuous struggle for
power and (un)accountability)
Extrinsic Problems
Arbitrary
Motivation = Manipulability
f (effort, usefulness) Risk of capture
Irrelevant subjects
EU eParticipation =
Non-effective
Not self-sustainable
Inefficient
Civic exhaustion
...
Administrative Monopoly
of participation
Pedro Prieto-Martín, PhD Defense, UAH
26
28. Findings & Discussion
1. On Traditional Participation
b. Clarified basic notions about participation…
Administrative Participation
associative
Organic Participation Autonomous
E.g.: representative democracy, community
council, neighborhood assembly, health
Participation
council, citizen panels, etc.
E.g.: demonstrations, strikes, informal
decisive advisory oversight negotiations, lobbying, pressure on
representatives and institutions, civil
Special disobedience, proposals to political
Participatory Processes institutions, etc.
personal
E.g.: development plans,
participatory budget, agenda
21, etc.
collaborative belligerent
Procedural Participation
E.g.: electoral participation, petitions,
referendum, public hearings, citizen
initiative, etc.
occasional regular
Municipal Citizen Participation forms
Pedro Prieto-Martín, PhD Defense, UAH
27
29. Findings & Discussion
1. On Traditional Participation
b. …which are articulated with existing knowledge…
Administrative Participation Forms
(Brugué et al 2003)
Participatory Processes: phases and criteria
Pedro Prieto-Martín, PhD Defense, UAH (Font & Blanco 2006, Parés et al 2007)
28
30. Findings & Discussion
1. On Traditional Participation
b. …and sometimes also challenge it!!
Participatory Budgeting
Fortaleza (BR) 2005
Pedro Prieto-Martín, PhD Defense, UAH
29
31. Findings & Discussion
2. On (e)Participation
a. Analysis that helps to understand the limitations of previous research
(Macintosh y Whyte 2002)
A framework to evaluate outcomes of e-Consultations from three criteria: political, technical and social.
!
(Macintosh et al. 2005)
Criteria and sources for
e-democracy evaluation
(Macintosh y Whyte 2008)
Layered eParticipation
evaluation perspectives
(Lippa et al. 2008)
The layered model of
eParticipation ?
Pedro Prieto-Martín, PhD Defense, UAH
30
32. Findings & Discussion
2. On (e)Participation
b. Reflections that shed light on what
gets changed by ICT Vicious Cycle of
Participation
“Long Tail”
models
Cognitive
Relationship between Participation & (e)Participation Surplus
Peer-to-peer
recognition
Reduction in
power and
knowledge
assimetries
Reduction cost
of collective
action
Motivation =
f (effort, usefulness) Change
in expectations
Value generation in different kinds of networks
Virtuous Circle of
Pedro Prieto-Martín, PhD Defense, UAH (e)Participation
31
33. Findings & Discussion
2. On (e)Participation
c. Models that help to understand current and imminent developments…
Pedro Prieto-Martín, PhD Defense, UAH
32
34. Findings & Discussion
2. On (e)Participation
c. …and to start charting 21st Century citizen participation
Matrix of Citizen
Implication KEY:
Ladder of Citizen (2010)
Participation
(1969)
Intensity of
Collaboration Institutiona-
Delegated Control lization Level
Citizen Control
Collaborative Delegated power Deliberativity
Delegated power Participation
Collaboration
Partnership
pre-
Transparency
Participation
Placation
Advisement
Consultation Consultative
Participation Consultation
Information
Information
Therapy Non-
Manipulation Organic Institutionalization
Participation
Manipulation Functional Institutionalization Institutionalized
Legitimate coercion Continuous
Periodic Less Institutionalized
Conflict
Episodic
Illegal Duress
Sporadic Non Institutionalized
33
35. Findings & Discussion
3. On eParticipation – System’s Design
a. A model for the transdisciplinary co-design of civic software…
34
36. Findings & Discussion
3. On eParticipation – System’s Design
a. … which identifies dimension to be taken into account…
Spy-Glass
Model
Pedro Prieto-Martín, PhD Defense, UAH
35
37. Findings & Discussion
3. On eParticipation – System’s Design
a. … provides guidance on how to proceed…
Spy-Glass Model
Applied
Pedro Prieto-Martín, PhD Defense, UAH
36
38. Findings & Discussion
3. On eParticipation – System’s Design
a. …and who to work with Core Team
to do ‘what’
Pioneers Group
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
Expansion
Pilot Projects
Phase I Phase II Phase III
Pedro Prieto-Martín, PhD Defense, UAH
37
39. Outline
1. Introduction
2. Review & Synthesis of literatures
3. Methodology & Research Itinerary
4. Findings & Discussion
5. Conclusions & Future Work
Pedro Prieto-Martín, PhD Defense, UAH
38
40. Conclusions & Future Work
Take-aways
• ICT for Governance field needs to be analysed with a trans-disciplinary, holistic
and critical perspective.
• Projects’ designs and their evaluation strategies need to be closely linked with
their context of application.
• To successfully develop the field research needs to be at the service of societal needs,
listening to the real needs from civic organizations and democratic institutions, instead of
imposing them the researchers’ agenda.
• Civic Networking Systems (CNS) need to be created using Agile, participatory,
iterative and user-centric development models.
• We have sketched a methodology that enables a bottom-up multi-stakeholder
collaboration and offers a pragmatic guidance for researchers, social actors and
governmental institutions to co-design and co-construct sustainable Civic Networking
Systems.
Pedro Prieto-Martín, PhD Defense, UAH
39
41. Conclusions & Future Work
Limitations
• The research had a strong exploratory character.
• Wide trans-disciplinary area / limited depth.
• Its reliability and applicability are to be cautiously appraised.
• The ‘ICT for Governance’ field constitues a paradigm of a “moving
research target” within Web Science.
• Some conclusions could get obsolete quickly, as a result of technological and/or social
developments.
• The methodological approach, which has mixed tools and disciplines, is
especially prone to researcher bias.
• We tried to triangulate and apply a strong self-criticism, but this just slightly mitigates
the risk of self-deceiving.
Pedro Prieto-Martín, PhD Defense, UAH
40
42. Conclusions & Future Work
Future Work
PREAMBLE MINI-RESEARCH CO-CREATION [Feedback cycles]
Previous Preliminary αlphas cycle
Knowledge Objective
Articulated objectives,
collaborators
visions and intuitions
Theoretic internal cycle
Analysis cycle
Sociopolitical Participatory
- Refined research Design
objectives Collaborative
- Research Evaluation
Socio-technical
questions
research
Minimum viable product
Technical
research αlpha
Construction Pilot Projects
---> Doctoral Thesis βeta
Permanent βeta
Sustaining, scaling & improvement
41
44. Thanks for your attention
Thanks to my PhD advisors, Dr. Luis de Marcos Ortega and Dr. José Javier Martínez, for
their help, advice and support along the way. Thanks also to Jose David Carracedo Verde
and Salvador Martí i Puig for their guidance in the early stages of the doctoral research.
Thanks also to the institutions and people from the Ceará State University (Brazil) and the
Jagiellonian University (Poland), which have kindly offered their facilities and support
during my stays abroad. I specially appreciate the help provided by Professors Francisco
Horacio da Silva Frota and Alberto Teixeira from the Mestrado Acadêmico em Políticas
Públicas e Sociedade of the UECE, and by Professor Marek Skomorowski from the
Institute of Computer Science of the Jagiellonian University.
Many, many thanks to all friends who reviewed and/or commented, through all these
years, on any of the different texts and papers that make up this dissertation. And thanks
also to Don Marcelino, who struggled so hard to teach me, with so many of his students,
the crucial difference between indigenous police and autogenous welding.
Finally I want to express my eternal gratitude to all participants in the field research
developed at Fortaleza (Brazil) and Sololá (Guatemala) –especially to my buddies
from Lagun Artean, Sotz’il Jay and the Coordenadoria do Orçamento Participativo–.
It was their determination, humanity and courage what motivated me to persevere
in the most difficult moments.
Pedro Prieto-Martín, PhD Defense, UAH
43
45. References – Participation and Civic Engagement (2)
Alarcón Pérez, P., Font Fàbregas, J., & Sesma Carlos, M. D. (2011). Local Participation Mechanisms: Southern Europe
Regions in Comparative Perspective. Presentado en European Consortium for Political Research, Reykjavik.
Allegretti, G., García Leiva, P., & Paño Yáñez, P. (2011). Viajando por los presupuestos participativos: buenas prácticas,
obstáculos y aprendizajes. Diputación de Málaga. Recuperado a partir de
http://www.redcimas.org/archivos/biblioteca/prepar/viajando_por_los_presupuestosparticipativos.pdf
Arnstein, S. R. (1969). A Ladder of Citizen Participation. American Institute of Planners Journal, 35(4), 216–224.
Blanco, I., & Ballester, M. (2011). ¿Participar para transformar? La experiencia de los Presupuestos Participativos en la
provincia de Barcelona. Gestión y Análisis de Políticas Públicas, 5, 117–144.
Brodie, E., Cowling, E., & Nissen, N. (2009). Understanding participation: a literature review. NCVO & Involve.
Brodie, E., Hughes, T., Jochum, V., Miller, S., Ockenden, N., & Warburton, D. (2011). Pathways through participation: What
creates and sustains active citizenship? NCVO & Involve.
Brugué, Q., Font, J., et al. (2003) "Participación y democracia: asociaciones y poder local", en Movimientos sociales: cambios
social y participación, Madrid: UNED.
CIMAS. (2009). Metodologías participativas. Manual. Madrid: Observatorio Internacional de Ciudadanía y Medio Ambiente
Sostenible (CIMAS).
Cornwall, A. (2008). Unpacking ‘Participation’: models, meanings and practices. Community Development Journal, 43(3), 269–
283.
Cornwall, A., Romano, J., et al. (2008). Brazilian Experiences of Participation and Citizenship: A Critical Look, Discussion
Paper. Brighton: Institute of Development Studies.
Falck, A., & Paño Yáñez, P. (Eds.). (2011). Democracia Participativa y Presupuestos Participativos: Acercamiento y
Profundización sobre el debate actual. Málaga: CEDMA.
Font, J., Corrochano, D. H., Fontcuberta, P., Galais, C., Ganuza, E., & Navarro, C. (2011). Democracia local en Andalucía.
Experiencias participativas en los municipios andaluces. Sevilla: Centro de Estudios Andaluces.
Font, J., Blanco, I. (2006) “Polis, la ciudad participativa. Participar en los municipios: ¿quién, cómo y por qué?”, Barcelona:
Centre per a la Participació
Ganuza, E., Olivari, L., Paño, P., Buitrago, L., & Lorenzana, C. (2010). La democracia en acción. Una visión desde las
metodologías participativas. Antígona.
Gaventa, J., & Barret, G. (2010). So What Difference Does it Make? Mapping the Outcomes of Citizen Engagement. Institute
of Development Studies.
Karsten, A. (2011). Participation Models. A chase through the maze. Berlin: Nonformality - Demokratie&Dialog.
44
46. References – Participation and Civic Engagement (2)
Lee, C. W. (2011). Five assumptions academics make about Public Deliberation, and why they deserve rethinking. Journal of
Public Deliberation, 7(1).
Parés, M., Pomeroy, M., et al. (2007) “Guía práctica de evaluación de procesos participativos”, Barcelona: Observatorio
Internacional de la Democracia Participativa.
Prieto Martín, P. (2010). Las alas de Leo. La participación ciudadana del siglo XX, Bubok. ISBN: 978-84-614-9140-7.
Prieto-Martín, P. (2012). Creating the ‘Symbiotic City’: A proposal for the interdisciplinary co-design and co-creation of Civic
Software Systems, Doctoral Thesis, Computer Science Department, University of Alcalá (ES).
Rowe, G., & Frewer, L. J. (2005). A Typology of Public Engagement Mechanisms. Science, Technology, & Human Values,
30(2), 251-290.
Schmitter, P. C. (2011). Information and communication technology: yet another revolution in «real-existing democracy»?
Buenos Aires: Universidad de San Andrés.
Sintomer, Y., & Ganuza, E. (2011). Democracia participativa y modernización de los servicios públicos: Investigación sobre las
experiencias de presupuesto participativo en Europa. TNI.
Smith, G., & Ryan, M. (2011). Towards a Comparative Analysis of Democratic Innovations: Lessons from an fs-QCA of
Participatory Budgeting. Presentado en European Consortium for Political Research, Reykjavik.
Wilson, R., & Leach, M. (2011). Civic Limits: How much more involved can people get? ResPublica.
Zittel, T. (2005). What can the Vep model do for democracy? ... in answer to Alexander Trechsel. En Council of Europe (Ed.),
Reflections on the future of democracy in Europe. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.
45
47. References – (e)Participation and Informatics (1)
Astrom, J., & Grönlund, Å. (2011). Online consultations in local government: What works, when and how. En S. Coleman & P.
M. Shane (Eds.), Connecting democracy: Online consultation and the flow of political communication. Cambridge, MA: MIT
Press.
Bannister, F., & Connolly, R. (2012). Surfeit of Technological Exuberance? The questionable impact of technology on e-
Participation. Presentado en Transforming Government Workshop 2012, London.
Brandtzæg, P. B., Følstad, A., Obrist, M., Geerts, D., & Berg, R. (2010). Innovation in Online Communities–Towards
Community-Centric Design, 40, 50-57.
Carracedo Gallardo, J. (2004). Seguridad en redes telemáticas. México: McGraw-Hill.
Carracedo Gallardo, J., Gómez Oliva, A., & Carracedo Verde, J. D. (2003). Sistema VOTESCRIPT: Una propuesta
innovadora desarrollada para resolver los problemas clásicos de la votación electrónica. Congreso Iberoamericano de
Seguridad Informática (CIBSI’03). México D.F.
Chadwick, A. (2011). Explaining the Failure of an Online Citizen Engagement Initiative: The Role of Internal Institutional
Variables. Journal of Information Technology & Politics, 8(1), 21–40.
Charalabidis, Y., Koussouris, S. (2012), Empowering Open and Collaborative Governance: Technologies and Methods for On-
line Citizen Engagement in Public Policy Making, Heidelberg: Springer.
Coleman, S., & Moss, G. (2012). Under Construction: The Field of Online Deliberation Research. Journal of Information
Technology & Politics, 9(1), 1–15.
De Cindio, F. (2012). Guidelines for Designing Deliberative Digital Habitats: Learning from e-Participation for Open Data
Initiatives. Journal of Community Informatics, 8(2).
De Cindio, F., Ripamonti, L. A., & Peraboni, C. (2007). Community Networks as lead users in online public services design.
The Journal of Community Informatics, 3(1).
Karlsson, M. (2012). Participatory initiatives and political representation: The case of local councillors in Sweden. Local
Government Studie, 38(1).
Kubicek, H. (2010). The Potential of E-Participation in Urban Planning: A European Perspective. En C. N. Silva (Ed.),
Handbook of Research on E-Planning (pp. 168–194). IGI Global.
Liston, V., Harris, C., Lee, D., Davies, B., & O’Toole, M. (2012). Enabling discourse representation and meta-consensus in
online deliberation using Internet technologies. Presentado en Conference of the Political Studies Association, London.
Lippa, B., Aichholzer, G., Allhutter, D., Freschi, A. C., Macintosh, A., Moss, G., & Westholm, H. (2008). D13.3 DEMO-Net
Booklet: eParticipation Evaluation and Impact. DEMO-Net.
Macintosh, A., & Whyte, A. (2002). Analysis and Evaluation of E-Consultations. e-Service Journal, 2(1):9-34.
46
48. References – (e)Participation and Informatics (2)
Macintosh, A., Whyte, A., & Renton, A. (2005). eDemocracy from the Top Down: An Evaluation of e-Democracy Activities
Initiated by Councils and Government. Local eDemocracy National Project.
Macintosh, A., & Whyte, A. (2008). Towards an evaluation framework for eParticipation. Transforming Government: People,
Process & Policy, 2(1), 16-30.
Macintosh, A., Coleman, S., & Schneeberger, A. (2009). eParticipation: The Research Gaps. En A. Macintosh & E. Tambouris
(Eds.), LNCS 5694. Proceedings of ePart 2009 (pp. 1-11). Linz: Springer.
Medaglia, R. (2012). eParticipation research: Moving characterization forward (2006–2011). Government Information
Quarterly, 29(3).
PEOPLE. (2012). Concept and Pilots Description for the Call of Cooperation. PEOPLE Consortium.
Price, V. (2011). Playing Politics: The Experience of E-Participation. En S. Coleman & P. M. Shane (Eds.), Connecting
Democracy: Online Consultation and the Flow of Political Communication. MIT Press.
Prieto-Martín, P., de Marcos, L., & Martínez, J. J. (2012). The e-(R)evolution will not be funded. An interdisciplinary and critical
analysis of European eParticipation developments and troubles. European Journal of ePractice, 15, 62–89.
Sæbø, Ø., Rose, J., & Flak, L. S. (2008). The shape of eParticipation: Characterizing an emerging research area.
Government Information Quarterly, 25, 400–428.
Simon, J. (2011). E-Democracy and Values in Information Systems Design. En P. Mindus, A. Greppi, & M. Cuono (Eds.),
Legitimacy 2.0: E-democracy and Public Opinion in the Digital Age. Frankfurt am Main: Goethe University.
Susha, I., Grönlund, Å. (2012) eParticipation research: Systematizing the field. Government Information Quarterly, 29(3).
van der Merwe, R., & Meehan, A. (2011). Direct Democracy Catalysed by Resident-to-Resident Online Deliberation. En E.
Tambouris, A. Macintosh, & H. Bruijn (Eds.), LNCS 6847. Proceedings of ePart 2011 (pp. 169-179). Springer.
van der Merwe, R., & Meehan, A. (2012). Direct Deliberative Governance Online: Consensual Problem Solving or
Accommodated Pluralism? Journal of Information Technology & Politics, 9(1), 46–63.
Wenger, E., White, N., & Smith, J. D. (2009). Digital Habitats: stewarding technology for communities. Portland: CPsquare.
47
49. References – Software Design and Engineering
Boehm, B. (1986). A spiral model of software development and enhancement, Software Engineering Notes, 11(4):14-24.
Cruz Neto, G. (2008). Estudos qualitativos para elicitação de requisitos: uma abordagem que integra análise sócio-cultural e
modelagem organizacional (PhD Dissertation). Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brasil, Recife.
Dennis, A., Wixom, B. H., & Tegarden, D. (2005). Systems Analysis and Design with UML. John Wiley & Sons.
Easterbrook, S., Singer, J., Storey, M.-A., & Damian, D. (2007). Selecting Empirical Methods for Software Engineering
Research. Guide to Advanced Empirical Software Engineering (pp. 285–311). Springer.
Myers, M. W., & Avison, D. E. (Eds.). (2002). Qualitative Research in Information Systems: A Reader (1.a ed.). Sage
Publications Ltd.
Nuseibeh, B., & Easterbrook, S. (2000). Requirements engineering: a roadmap. Proceedings of the Conference on The Future
of Software Engineering, ICSE ’00 (pp. 35–46). New York: ACM.
Sanders, E., Brandt, E., & Binder, T. (2010). A framework for organizing the tools and techniques of participatory design.
Proceedings of the 11th Biennial Participatory Design Conference, PDC ’10 (pp. 195–198). New York, NY, USA: ACM.
References – Other
Davison, R. M., Martinsons, M. G., and Kock, N. (2004) Principles of Canonical Action Research. Information Systems Journal
14(1), 65-86.
Strauss, A. C., & Corbin, J. M. (1998). Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded
Theory. Sage.
Urquhart, C. (2012). Grounded Theory for Qualitative Research. A Practical Guide. Sage Publications.
Urquhart, C., Lehmann, H., & Myers, M. D. (2010). Putting the ‘theory’ back into grounded theory: guidelines for grounded
theory studies in information systems. Information Systems Journal, 20(4), 357–381.
48