What is the industrial potential behind the graphene academic R&D hype? $141M GRAPHENE MATERIALS MARKET IN 2024 WILL BE DRIVEN MAINLY BY TRANSPARENT CONDUCTIVE ELECTRODES AND ENERGY STORAGE APPLICATIONS Graphene is a two-dimensional (2D) material with exceptional properties, such as ultrahigh electrical and thermal conductivities, wide-range optical transmittance and excellent mechanical strength and flexibility. These properties make it a promising material for emerging and existing applications in printed & flexible circuitry, ultrafast transistors, touch screens, advanced batteries and supercapacitors, ultrafast lasers, photodetectors and many other non-electronic applications. Although graphene technology is still in its infancy, remarkable progress has been made in the last few years developing graphene production methods. Numerous opto and electronic devices based on graphene have been demonstrated on lab-scale models. However, the numerous challenges of graphene technology should not be underestimated. The lack of bandgap in graphene is its key fundamental challenge. Other technology challenges are related to the development of industrial methods to produce graphene with high and consistent quality at acceptable costs. Although today there is no graphene-based electronic application in mass production, several companies already offer commercially graphene materials. The graphene material market value in 2013 was about $11 million, represented principally by the demand for the R&D and prototyping. Two scenarios for the future market growth are presented in the report. According to the base scenario, the global annual market value for graphene materials in opto and electronic applications will reach $141 million in 2024, featuring a 2013-2019 CAGR of 18.5%. Accelerated market growth is expected after 2019, with a 2019-2024 CAGR of 35.7%. In 2024, the graphene material market will be represented mainly by the demand for transparent conductive electrodes and advanced batteries and supercapacitors. HOW CAN GRAPHENE TECHNOLOGY CHALLENGES AND APPLICATION POTENTIAL BE TRANSFORMED INTO BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES? In order to reach the best possible performance on lab-scale devices, high quality materials are required. Material suppliers able to consistently deliver high-quality materials have a competitive advantage on the graphene market. The booming interest in graphene technologies has led to a high demand on graphene equipment. As shown in the report, CVD equipment makers today mainly focus on the R&D equipment used to produce high-quality graphene. More information on that report at http://www.i-micronews.com/reports/Graphene-materials-opto-electronic-applications/3/416/

1. Graphene materials for opto &
electronic applications
Technologies, players & market
What is the industrial potential behind the graphene academic R&D hype?
Dow corning
© 2014

2. What is graphene?
Graphene is a single layer of carbon atoms that are densely arranged in a hexagonal
honeycomb crystal lattice. Graphene is just one of the natural crystalline forms of carbon,
alongside diamond and graphite.
Graphene
Layers of graphene stacked on
top of each other form graphite
Single-Wall Carbone Nanotube
Graphene can be described as one atom-thick layer of graphite or as unrolled Single-Wall
Carbone Nanotube.
© 2014 •
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3. (Defect-free) graphene = excellent
material!
Graphene has some remarkable properties enabling a large number of applications.
However, most of those properties are related to defect-free graphene sheets.
Property
Application
Thickness
The thinnest material in the world (just one
carbon atom thick – around 0.34 nm)
The largest surface area of any material
Supercapacitors / Batteries
Tensile strength
>1Tpa
Material reinforcement
Thermal conductivity
> 5,000 Wm−1K−1
Heat dissipation
Optical properties
Absorbs about 2.3% of white light per singlegraphene layer
Transparent conductive electrodes
Solar cells
Photonic devices
Carrier mobility
~100x that of silicon
Transistors, photodetectors
Electrical properties
Lower resistivity than any other material at room
temperature
Transparent conductive electrodes
Impermeability
Completely impermeable to gas molecules
Moisture barriers…
Chemical inertness
© 2014 •
Graphene
Inert material
Sensitive to gas molecules
Sensors
3

4. Scope of the report
Function/Application
Key graphene
properties used
Devices
Printed&Flexible
circuitry
• High electrical
conductivity
• Optical
transmittance
(optional)
• Flexible antennas
• RFID tags
Semiconductor
Electronic
Devices
Transparent
Conductive
Electrode
4
Photonics
• High carrier
mobility
• High electrical
conductivity
• Mechanical
flexibility
• High optical
transmittance
• Light weight
• Mechanical
flexibility
• High electrical
conductivity
• High
surface
area
• Chemical
tolerance
• High
electrical
conductivity
• High electrical
conductivity
• Graphene’s wide
spectral range
• High-frequency
transistors
• Logic-transistors
•
•
•
•
•
• Li-ion
battery
• Supercapacitor
• Photodetector
• Mode-locked
solid-state laser
• Optical
modulator
Touch panel
E-paper
LED, OLED
Smart window
Solar cell
Overview of the applications in a focus of the report
© 2014 •
Energy
Storage
Yole Développement

5. Samsung’s, LG’s and Nokia’s concepts for
flexible devices
•
The leading mobile phone players are developing flexible unbreakable mobile phones, such
as “YOUM” concept from Samsung or “The Morph Concept” from Nokia in which graphene
is one of the investigated materials for transparent conductive electrode.
•
In October 2013, LG announced that it will start mass-producing a flexible, curved
smartphone screen.
•
The development of flexible devices increases the market potential
for graphene-based transparent conductive electrodes…
“YOUM” flexible AMOLED display
Samsung
Flexible, curved smartphone screen
LG
The Morp Concept
© 2014 •
5
Nokia

6. Comparison of different materials used for
transparent electrodes
Material class
Transparent Conductive
Oxides
Metal materials
Organic
materials
Carbon-based materials
Material
ITO
FTO,
AZO
XXXX
Silver
Nanowires
PEDOT:PSS
Carbon
nanotubes
Graphene
Transmittance
90%
90%
88%
90%
90%
92%
>95%*
>85%**
Sheet Resistance
(Ohm/sq.)
10-50
50
XXXX
30-50
150
<300
XXXX
XXXX
Color
Slightly yellow
Colorless
XXXXX
Colorless
Colorless
Colorless
Colorless
Haze
Low
Low
High
High
XXXX
High
Very low
Flexibility
XXXXX
Fair
Very
good
Good
Very good
XXXXX
Very good
Environmental/chemical
stability
Good
XXX
XXX
Fair
XXXXX
Good
Excellent
Compatibility with
device mfg. process
XXXXX
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Fair
Low volume
XXXXXXX
Low volume
Low volume
AZO:
Aluminiumdoped zinc
oxide
FTO: Fluorinedoped tin
oxide
Development stage
Mass prod.
Mass prod.
High
volume
Main applications
PV, LCD,
OLED, touch
screen
XXXXX
XXXXX
Touch
screen
Touch screen
Flexible PV
Flexible
devices
XXXXXX
*Graphene
Suppliers
Many suppliers
Many
suppliers
XXXX
Cambrios
Heraeus,
AGFA
XXXX
XXXXX
**Multi-layer
graphene
material
Comparison of different materials used for transparent electrodes
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Yole Développement

7. Graphene production methods, materials
produced and their applications
Si Si Si
Synthesis
method
Cu, Ni
Mechanical
Exfoliation
(“scotch”)
Liquid Phase
Exfoliation
XXXXXX
µm-size
high-quality
flakes
µm-size
graphene
flakes
µm-size
reduced
graphene oxide
(RGO) flakes
CVD
C C
SiC
C C C
SiC
Carbon
segregation from
SiC
XXXXX
Oriented
graphene layer on
SiC substrate
Oriented
graphene
layer on SiC
substrate
Graphene
product
Potential
applications
•
Research
•
•
•
XXXX
XXXXX
XXXXXX
•
•
•
•
•
Conductive inks
Composite
materials
Batteries
Capacitors
Thermal
management
Large area
sheets of
polycrystalline
graphene
•
•
•
•
•
Electronic
devices
Photonics
Displays
Solar cells
Touch
Screens
Overview of most studied graphene production methods.
Yole Développement
© 2014 •
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•
•
XXXX
XXXXX
•
Electronic
devices
C

8. Comparison of the main methods for
obtaining graphene films
Method
Mechanical
exfoliation
(“Scotch
Tape”)
Liquid Phase
Exfoliation
Chemical
reduction of
graphene oxide
Carbon
segregation
from SiC and
CVD on SiC
CVD on metal
Average orienteddomain size
10µm - 1 mm
XXXX µm
0.1 µm – a few
µm
50 µm
30 µm
Sample size
10µm - 1 mm
XXXX
> 6”
XXXXX
>6’’, up to m2range
Scalability
No
Yes
XXXXX
XXXX
XXXX
Carrier mobility
XXXXX
XXXXX
Bad
~4,000
XXXX
Transfer step
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Costs
XXXX
Low-cost
XXXXX
XXXX
Low/High
Applications
R&D
XXXX
XXXXX
XXXX
Many
Comparison of the main methods for obtaining graphene films
© 2014 •
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Yole Développement

9. 2013-2024 market value for graphene materials (M$)
Base Scenario
2013-2024 market value for graphene materials according to Yole’s Base Scenario
© 2014 •
9
Yole Développement

10. CVD Graphene Transfer
Wet Etching Dry Transfer
Wet Etching
Graphene growth on a copper foil
Copper etching and rinsing
Dry Transfer
Transfer to a target substrate
Schematic of roll-based graphene production, picture of the transfer step and final product: a transparent large-area graphene film on a
PET sheet
© 2014 •
10
SKKU Advanced Institute of technology

11. Equipment makers
Overview
Company
Country
Company
type
Founded
Type of graphene
equipment
Product name
xxx
Germany
Public
1983
Thermal CVD / Plasma
CVD
“Black Magic” (BM 300…)
xxxxx
France
Privately
Held
2004
Thermal CVD (RTP)
AS-micro
AS-ONE
As-Master
xxxxx
USA
Public
1982
Thermal CVD
EasyTube®
xxxx
JP
Privately
Held
Thermal CVD
xxxxxx
xxxx
KR
Privately
Held
2012
Thermal CVD
xxxx
xxxxxx
UK
Privately
Held
1989
Thermal CVD
xxx
xxxxx
DE
Privately
Held
1994
Thermal CVD
xx
xxxxx
Canada
Privately
Held
1999
Thermal CVD / Plasma
CVD
xxxx
Equipment makers and products & activities within the diamond business
© 2014 •
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Yole Développement

12. Evolution of CVD graphene film size
Foil 300”
longest
dimension ~
~
Limited by the size
of R2R equipment
only
Virtually unlimited
scalability
CVD graphene
on Cu foil
24”
~
~
Limited by the size of Si wafer
300mm
Wafer
diameter
CVD Graphene on Wafer
8”
Limited by the max. size of SiC wafers (6” in 2013)
6”
4”
2”
0
© 2014 •
12
Graphene-on-SiC
2011
2012
2013
2014
Source: Yole Développement
2015
2016

13. Where to focus the graphene R&D efforts?
1. Demonstration of new concepts/new applications/fundamental studies
 Better understanding of fundamental physics in 2D materials
 Better understanding of the basic processes during graphene production and processing crucial to
speed-up the development of graphene applications
 Possible discovery of a killer application for graphene
2. Demonstration of graphene potential by the realization of “super-performing” lab devices
 Help to keep the strong interest in graphene technologies
3. Development of low-cost and scalable manufacturing methods for high-quality graphene
 Enabling the availability of cost-effective high-quality material
 Development of suitable transfer techniques and functionalization methods
4. Process stabilization, achieving reproducible quality, high manufacturing yields…
 Prepare the conditions for transfer of graphene technologies to the mass production
5. Standardization and quality control
 Higher standardization in graphene technology (terms used…)
 Better quality control (defined quality control factors, availability of suitable characterization tools…)
© 2014 •
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14. Organizations providing funding for graphene
research
Country
Organization
WEB site
Main funded
activities
Japan
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
www.jsps.go.jp
Universities & governmental
Japan
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Purpose oriented funding
Japan
New Energy an Industrial Technology Development
Organization (NEDO)
www.nedo.go.jp
Industrial
UK
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
(EPSRC)
www.epsrc.ac.uk
R&D in engineering and the
physical sciences
EU
European Commission - Graphene Flagship
http://graphene-flagship.eu/
Fundamental and applied
research
NL
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXX
Fundamental and applied
research
France
ANR (French national Research Agency)
www.agence-nationale-recherche.fr
Fundamental and applied
research
South Korea
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXX
Fundamental and applied
research
USA
XXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXX
Cutting-edge semiconductor
research
USA
Department of Advanced Research Projects Agency
www.darpa.mil
High frequency applications
USA
National Science Foundation
www.nsf.gov
Fundamental and applied
research
USA
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXX
Military applications
Examples of organizations providing funding for graphene research
© 2014 •
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Yole Développement

15. R&D projects related to graphene applications
in opto & electronics
Project name
Project keywords
Project leader
Funding
institution
Budget
allocation
Term of
project
Continuously tunable Dual Color DFB
Laser System for characterization of
epitaxial graphene devices at THz
frequencies
THz graphene devices
Royal Holloway,
University of
London
EPSRC
£XXXXX
02/2013 –
09/2013
Electrochemical Energy Storage with
Graphene-Enabled Materials
Energy Storage
The University of
Manchester
EPSRC
XXXXXX
02/2013 –
01/2018
XXXXXXXXXXXX
Roll-to-roll
XXXXXXXXX (UK)
EC 7th FWP
€6,900,000
XXXXXX
Graphene Flexible Electronics and
Optoelectronics
Flexible Electronics and Optoelectronics
University of
Cambridge
EPSRC
£2,957,286
02/2013 –
01/2018
GRAPHTED
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXX(UK)
EPSRC
£2,290,948
xxxxxx
METROGRAPH
Metrology of the Quantum Hall Effect in
Graphene
Annealsys (FR)
ANR
€XXXXXX
11/2011 –
10/2014
Nano-RF
Development of CNT & graphene based
advanced component technologies for wireless
applications. Wafer scale epitaxial graphene
on SiC
XXXXXXXX(FR)
EC 7th FWP
€XXXXX
XXXXXX
New manufacturable approaches to
the deposition and patterning of
graphene materials
Graphene deposition and patterning
University of Exeter
(UK)
EPSRC
£1,125,790
02/2013 –
01/2016
Transparent organic electronics based
on graphene
XXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXX(UK)
EPSRC
xxxxxxx
10/2011 –
09/2014
Examples of R&D projects on graphene for electronic applications
© 2014 •
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Yole Développement

16. Main graphene R&D institutions
Split per geographical area
© 2014 •
16

17. Graphene Flagship (EU)
The Graphene Flagship is a 10-year research program funded by the European Commission, the
EU member states and program participants, with a budget of €1 billion. It brings together
academia and industry to create new disruptive technologies based on graphene and related
layered materials.
•
Coordinator: Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg, Sweden (Prof. Jari Kinaret)
•
The EU’s biggest research initiative ever:
–
Budget: €1 billion
–
61 academic and 14 industrial research groups with hundreds of scientists across 17 European countries
–
The consortium will be extended with another 20-30 groups through a competitive call. The total volume of the call is
over M€ 9 EC funding, which must be spent during the CP-CSA period, i.e., before 31 March 2016. The call closes 5
Feb 2014.
•
Started: October 2013
•
Two separate phases:
–
A 30 month ramp-up phase under the 7th Framework Program (October 1, 2013 – March 31, 2016) with a total
European Commission funding of 54 millions euro
–
Steady state phase under the Horizon 2020 Program (April 1, 2016-) with expected European Commission funding of
50 millions euro per year.
•
WEB site: http://graphene-flagship.eu/
•
Graphene Flagship is implemented as 16 work packages (WPs), 11 on specific science and technology
topics and 5 on operative management aspects
© 2014 •
17

18. Company profiles
List of companies
Name
Country
Founded
Company type
Business Model
XXXXXX
USA
1882
Public
Material supplier
(Specialty chemicals
and performance
materials company)
XXXXXXXX
USA
2011
Privately Held
Material supplier
XXXXXXX
NO
2012
Privately Held
Technology
Innovator
xxxxxxxxxxx
USA
1982
Public
Material supplier
Equipment maker
Products/Services
Comments
• Graphene nanoplatelets-based
additives for Li-ion batteries
Silicon-graphene composite material
GaAs nanowires on graphene
substrate
• XXXXXXX
• XXXXXXXXX
The company
operates Graphene
Supermarket®.
XXXXXXXXXXXX
USA
Privately Held
Material supplier
XXXXXX
JP
Privately Held
Material and
equipment supplier
XXXXXXXX
UK
2013
Privately Held
Material supplier
• XXXXXXXX
• XXXXXXXXXXX
Parent company:
Graphene Platform
XXXXXXXX
KR
2012
Privately Held
Material supplier
Equipment maker
Consultancy
• CVD graphene
• Graphene CVD system and other
tools
Spin-off from Seoul
National University
© 2014 •
18
• CVD graphene
• Graphene transfer services
• R&D Raman tools

19. Compound Semiconductors reports from YOLE
Bulk & freestanding
GaN
New!
Sapphire for
Display, Defense,
Consumer…
Diamonds
New!
Sapphire for LED
Status of the LED
Industry
SiC Market 2013
SiC Market
New!
LED Packaging
New!
III-V Epitaxy Substrates
& Equipment Market
Sapphire
CoSim+
LED Front End
Manufacturing
Technologies
© 2014 •
19
GaAs Wafer Market
& Applications
UV LED MARKET

20. Yole Activities
MEDIA
REPORTS
CONSULTING
News portal/Technology magazines/
Webcasts/Communication services
Market & technology/Patent
Investigation/Reverse costing
Market research/Technology
& Strategy/Patent Investigation/
Reverse costing
www.yole.fr
YOLE FINANCE
M&A/ Due Diligence/ Fundraising/
Technology brokerage
www.yolefinance.fr
SISTER COMPANY
Reverse engineering & costing/
Cost simulation tools
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22. Our Offices & Contact Information
Europe Office
• Yves Devigne, Europe Business Development Manager,
Cell: 33 6 75 80 08 25 - Email: devigne@yole.fr
• David Jourdan, Headquarter Sales Coordination & Customer Service,
Tel: 33 472 83 01 90, Email: jourdan@yole.fr
USA Office
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Phone: (650) 931 2552 - Cell: (408) 839 7178 - Email: mclaughlin@yole.fr
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Japan Office
• For custom research: Yutaka Katano, General Manager, Yole Japan & President, Yole K.K.
Phone: (81) 362 693 457 - Cell: (81) 80 3440 6466 - Fax: (81) 362 693 448 - Email: katano@yole.fr
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Email: onozawa@yole.fr
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