We know how pharmacy is important. Pharmaceutices is the part of pharmacy. It is very essential for B.pharm & M. pharm students to know well about this topic. I am trying my best to present this topic, hopefully You will love this topic.
Historical background and development of profession of pharmacyRohit Kumar Trivedi
History and development of pharmacy profession
Historical background and development of profession of pharmacy
#rohitkumrtrivedi
B Pharma 1st semester pharmaceutics
In ancient India the sources of drugs were of vegetable, animal and mineral origin.(Ayurveda).They were prepared empirically by few experienced persons. Knowledge of that medical system was usually kept secret within a family (Folkore).There were no scientific methods of standardization of drugs.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND & DEVELOPMENT OF PROFESSION OF PHARMACYTeny Thomas
The following presentation deals with what the course of pharmacy is and what a pharmacist is. Also a short brief on the historical growth of the profession of pharmacy when related to education and industry is also discussed here. A detailed view on career in pharmacy is described lastly.
Liquid dosage forms: Advantages and disadvantages of liquid dosage forms. Excipients used in formulation of liquid dosage forms. Solubility enhancement techniques
Historical background and development of profession of pharmacy: History of profession of Pharmacy in India in relation to pharmacy education, industry and organization, Pharmacy as a career, Pharmacopoeias: Introduction to IP, BP, USP and Extra Pharmacopoeia.
Historical background and development of profession of pharmacyRohit Kumar Trivedi
History and development of pharmacy profession
Historical background and development of profession of pharmacy
#rohitkumrtrivedi
B Pharma 1st semester pharmaceutics
In ancient India the sources of drugs were of vegetable, animal and mineral origin.(Ayurveda).They were prepared empirically by few experienced persons. Knowledge of that medical system was usually kept secret within a family (Folkore).There were no scientific methods of standardization of drugs.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND & DEVELOPMENT OF PROFESSION OF PHARMACYTeny Thomas
The following presentation deals with what the course of pharmacy is and what a pharmacist is. Also a short brief on the historical growth of the profession of pharmacy when related to education and industry is also discussed here. A detailed view on career in pharmacy is described lastly.
Liquid dosage forms: Advantages and disadvantages of liquid dosage forms. Excipients used in formulation of liquid dosage forms. Solubility enhancement techniques
Historical background and development of profession of pharmacy: History of profession of Pharmacy in India in relation to pharmacy education, industry and organization, Pharmacy as a career, Pharmacopoeias: Introduction to IP, BP, USP and Extra Pharmacopoeia.
1. History Of Profession Of Pharmacy In India
It is the 1st Chapter under ER-2020 By PCI for Diploma in Pharmacy Students .
You can Increase Your Knowledge about the history of Pharmacy India . and also know about the history of India Health care systems with simple language
this ppt is used full all type of pharmacy students and faculty .
In this chapter we are learned
1.Definition Of Pharmaceutics
2.Scope Of Pharmaceutics
3.SCOPE AND POTENTIAL OF PHARMACY
4.History Of Profession Of Pharmacy In India
5.Drug Enquiry Committee
it is GTU based syllabus chapter and all the points are covered like... handling of prescription , etc... very helpful for pharmacy students...and its in easy language..
Semisolid dosage forms: Definitions, classification, mechanisms and factors influencing dermal penetration of drugs. Preparation of ointments, pastes, creams and gels. Excipients used in semi solid dosage forms. Evaluation of semi solid dosages forms
Pharmacopoeia: the word derives from the ancient Greek word pharmakon means drug & poeia- to make.
It is a legally binding collection, prepared by a national or regional authority& contains list of medicinal substances, crude drug & formulas for making preparation from them.
Career in pharmacy and scope of pharmacy. Pharma industry, Hospital pharmacy , Community Pharmacy, Teaching in Pharmacy, Sales & Marketing , Clinical research , Career in Regulatory Body, Biotechnology, Cosmetic, Food Industry etc.
Introduction to Pharmaceutical ChemistryPriti Kokate
Chapter No. 1 from pharmaceutical chemistry , updated syllabus notes as per MSBTE
1.Introduction to pharmaceutical chemistry
Topic covers following bits
#Scope
#Objective
#Sources & Types Of Errors
#Impurities in Pharmaceuticals
#Limit Test For
*Chloride
*Sulphate
*Iron
*Heavy Metal
*Arsenic
1. History Of Profession Of Pharmacy In India
It is the 1st Chapter under ER-2020 By PCI for Diploma in Pharmacy Students .
You can Increase Your Knowledge about the history of Pharmacy India . and also know about the history of India Health care systems with simple language
this ppt is used full all type of pharmacy students and faculty .
In this chapter we are learned
1.Definition Of Pharmaceutics
2.Scope Of Pharmaceutics
3.SCOPE AND POTENTIAL OF PHARMACY
4.History Of Profession Of Pharmacy In India
5.Drug Enquiry Committee
it is GTU based syllabus chapter and all the points are covered like... handling of prescription , etc... very helpful for pharmacy students...and its in easy language..
Semisolid dosage forms: Definitions, classification, mechanisms and factors influencing dermal penetration of drugs. Preparation of ointments, pastes, creams and gels. Excipients used in semi solid dosage forms. Evaluation of semi solid dosages forms
Pharmacopoeia: the word derives from the ancient Greek word pharmakon means drug & poeia- to make.
It is a legally binding collection, prepared by a national or regional authority& contains list of medicinal substances, crude drug & formulas for making preparation from them.
Career in pharmacy and scope of pharmacy. Pharma industry, Hospital pharmacy , Community Pharmacy, Teaching in Pharmacy, Sales & Marketing , Clinical research , Career in Regulatory Body, Biotechnology, Cosmetic, Food Industry etc.
Introduction to Pharmaceutical ChemistryPriti Kokate
Chapter No. 1 from pharmaceutical chemistry , updated syllabus notes as per MSBTE
1.Introduction to pharmaceutical chemistry
Topic covers following bits
#Scope
#Objective
#Sources & Types Of Errors
#Impurities in Pharmaceuticals
#Limit Test For
*Chloride
*Sulphate
*Iron
*Heavy Metal
*Arsenic
pharmacy, the science and art concerned with the preparation and standardization of drugs. Its scope includes the cultivation of plants that are used as drugs, the synthesis of chemical compounds of medicinal value, and the analysis of medicinal agentshttps://labwork360.com/
History of Pharmacognosy and scope of pharmacognosy slide.docxEASY PHARMA STUDY
It defines the history and scope of pharmacognosy
if it is useful for you than please like it and if you need this than mail me on this nathankur031@gmail.com
Recombinant DNA Technology: A Tool for Genetic Engineering and Gene TherapyQuazi Istiaque Bari
Recombinant DNA technology is a technique that allows scientists to create new combinations of genetic material by inserting DNA fragments from different sources into a host organism. This can be useful for various purposes, such as studying genes, producing proteins, improving crops, and developing therapies. Recombinant DNA technology was first developed in the 1970s by researchers such as Paul Berg and Stanley Cohen.
The basic steps of recombinant DNA technology are:
- Isolation of the desired gene or DNA fragment from a donor organism using restriction enzymes, which cut DNA at specific sequences.
- Insertion of the gene or DNA fragment into a vector, which is a small DNA molecule that can replicate inside a host cell. Common vectors are plasmids, viruses, and yeast cells.
- Transformation or transfection of the vector into a host cell, which can be a bacterium, a yeast, or a mammalian cell. The host cell will then copy the vector along with the inserted gene or DNA fragment.
- Selection or screening of the host cells that contain the recombinant DNA, using methods such as antibiotic resistance, color change, or fluorescence.
- Expression of the gene or DNA fragment in the host cell, which may require additional modifications or inductions. The gene or DNA fragment may produce a protein, a RNA, or a trait that can be detected or harvested.
Recombinant DNA technology has many applications in biology, medicine, agriculture, and industry. Some examples are:
- Producing insulin, human growth hormone, vaccines, and other biopharmaceuticals using bacteria or mammalian cells.
- Creating transgenic animals or plants that have improved traits, such as disease resistance, growth rate, or nutritional value.
- Developing gene therapy, which involves introducing a normal or modified gene into a patient’s cells to treat a genetic disorder or disease.
- Studying gene function, regulation, and interaction using techniques such as gene knockout, gene knockin, or gene editing.
Line clearance is a critical process for pharmaceutical companies to ensure the safety and quality of their products. It involves a thorough inspection of equipment, materials, and the manufacturing area to remove any traces of the previous product or process. This helps prevent cross-contamination and ensures that the next product manufactured on the same line meets the required quality standards. Line clearance is an essential part of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and is a regulatory requirement in the pharmaceutical industry. Proper implementation of line clearance procedures can help companies minimize the risk of product recalls, ensure compliance with regulatory requirements, and safeguard the health and safety of patients.
Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) is a way to ensure that goods are consistently manufactured and regulated in accordance with quality standards. It is intended to reduce the hazards associated with pharmaceutical manufacturing that cannot be avoided by testing.
GMP encompasses all areas of manufacturing, including raw materials, buildings, and equipment, as well as personnel training and personal hygiene. For any step that potentially impacts the quality of the final output, detailed documented procedures are required. Every time a product is manufactured, there must be systems that give written evidence that the right processes are followed at each step of the production process.
Here are 10 Golden rules of GMP and their details.
total credit: PharmOut white paper
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or NSAIDs (pronounced en-saids), are the most prescribed medications for treating conditions such as arthritis. Most people are familiar with over-the-counter, nonprescription NSAIDs, such as aspirin and ibuprofen. NSAIDs are more than just pain relievers.
here you will find the Classification of NSAIDs & Mechanism of action of NSAIDs.
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Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or NSAIDs (pronounced en-saids), are the most prescribed medications for treating conditions such as arthritis. Most people are familiar with over-the-counter, nonprescription NSAIDs, such as aspirin and ibuprofen. NSAIDs are more than just pain relievers.
Here is the short note on NSAIDs. If any incorrect details provided here please correct it in the comment section. It will help you & me also
Immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, are glycoprotein molecules produced by plasma cells (white blood cells). They act as a critical part of the immune response by specifically recognizing and binding to particular antigens, such as bacteria or viruses, and aiding in their destruction.
There are five immunoglobulin classes (isotypes) of antibody molecules found in serum: IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE and IgD. They are distinguished by the type of heavy chain they contain
An allergy is an immune system response to a foreign substance that’s not typically harmful to your body. These foreign substances are called allergens. They can include certain foods, pollen, or pet dander.
Your immune system’s job is to keep you healthy by fighting harmful pathogens. It does this by attacking anything it thinks could put your body in danger. Depending on the allergen, this response may involve inflammation, sneezing, or a host of other symptoms.
Help this docx to know about Dopamine & Gaba receptors details. you all know Dopamine is an organic chemical of the catecholamine and phenethylamine families. It functions both as a hormone and a neurotransmitter.
Acetylcholine neurotransmitter with biosynthesis, storage, release with assoc...Quazi Istiaque Bari
acetylcholine synthesis, storage, release, mechanism of action, diseases, related factors, receptors, function of receptors & neurotransmitters & its functions
Toxicology is the scientific study of the adverse effects of chemical, physical, or biological agents on living organisms. It involves the identification, evaluation, and understanding of the toxicity of substances, including drugs, pesticides, industrial chemicals, and environmental pollutants. Toxicologists aim to assess the potential risks associated with exposure to these substances and to develop strategies to mitigate those risks.
Some of the key areas of toxicology include:
Mechanisms of toxicity: Toxicologists study how toxic substances interact with cells, tissues, and organs to cause harm. This includes understanding the chemical and biological mechanisms of toxicity, as well as the genetic and epigenetic factors that can influence susceptibility to toxicants.
Toxicity testing: Toxicologists use a variety of tests to evaluate the toxicity of substances, including in vitro assays, animal studies, and human clinical trials. They also use predictive models to estimate the potential toxicity of new chemicals and to assess the risks of exposure to existing substances.
Risk assessment: Toxicologists use data from toxicity testing to estimate the potential risks of exposure to a substance, taking into account factors such as dose, duration, and route of exposure. They also consider the variability in susceptibility among different populations, such as children, the elderly, and people with pre-existing health conditions.
Regulatory compliance: Toxicologists work with government agencies, industry, and other stakeholders to ensure that chemicals and other substances are safe for human and environmental health. They help develop regulations and guidelines for the use and disposal of hazardous substances, and they provide expert advice on issues related to toxicology and risk assessment.
The presentation is all about toxicology, toxic substances like arsenic, lead , chromium. its including arsenic poisoning symptoms, cause, diagnosis, mechanism of action of as toxicity, diagnosis of as, treatment. similarly to chromium and lead metals
I am Quazi istiaque Bari , here you can show the heart, which is the pumping organ of our body. it's very important to you. You can know about the heart, its various parts as well as its functions, various cardiovascular diseases, and their treatment.
Outlines are-
1. physiology and anatomy of the heart
2. Function of heart
3. Blood circulation
4. Diseases of the heart like heart attack, arrhythmia angina pectoris, heart failure, etc.
5. Healthy heart tips
hopefully, you get some general knowledge of heart through it, you will enjoy it surely. all the very best for what you are doing. may Allah bless you all.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
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Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
4. Pharmacy is the science and technique of preparing
and dispensing drugs. It is a health profession that
links health sciences with chemical sciences and aims
to ensure the safe and effective use of pharmaceutical
drugs.
It includes
Collection
Identification
Synthesis
Purification
Isolation
Quality control of medical substance
5.
6. The evolution of the profession of pharmacy can
be divided into five historical periods:
1. ANCIENT ERA-The beginning of time to AD
1600
2. EMPIRIC ERA-1600-1940
3. INDUSTRIALIZATION ERA-1940-1970
4. PATIENT CARE ERA-1970-present
5. BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GENETIC
ENGINEERING ERA-The new horizon
7. Used leaves, mud, and cool water to stop bleeding and heal
wounds
They used these methods by observing how animals heal
their wounds
Documented experiences of healing onto clay tablets which
provided the earliest known written record.
In Babylonia the earliest record of the practice of pharmacy
by the priest, pharmacist, and physician was kept. This is
where the science of drugs, organized pharmacy and
medicine had its beginnings.
Chinese used herbs
Hippocrates-The Father of Medicine
Theophrastus-The Father of Botany-early scientist.
Mithridate -Father of Toxicology-Studied the adverse effects
of plants.
8. Dioscorides-Father of Pharmacology. During the
Roman period.
Cosmos and Damien-Saints of Pharmacy and
Medicine-twins who represent the closeness of
medicine and pharmacy. Doctors would also find
medicines to treat patients.
After the fall of the Roman Empire, the division of
pharmacy and medicine evolved. Three major
advances in pharmacy occurred at this time: 1. The
formulary –a continuation of the documentation of the
knowledge of specific drug information to be used by
pharmacists. 2. Dosage form-drugs were no longer
harvested from herb gardens.
9. They were incorporated into sweetened dosage forms,
such as syrups, confections, and juleps, mixed with
sugar and honey. 3. pharmacy shop-first appeared in
Baghdad in about AD 762.
Between AD 1231 and 1240-The Holy Roman Emperor
Frederick II issued an edict regulating medicine. For
the first time, It legally recognized pharmacy as a
separate profession in Western Europe.
During the Renaissance period of the Middle Ages,
Pharmacy went through many changes. Pharmacy
became an independent profession. Pharmacy as a
profession achieved status and became socially
accepted. University education of pharmacists were
required. New chemical medicines were introduced
that gave pharmacists broader expertise.
10. The Pharmacopeia became a regulatory tool for
pharmacists.
Benjamin Franklin started the first hospital in 1751.
It had a pharmacy and the first hospital pharmacist
was Jonathan Roberts.
1821 The Philadelphia College of Pharmacy was
founded.
William Proctor-The father of American Pharmacy.
He devoted his time and attention to the
advancement of pharmacy. He owned an
apothecary shop.
The major contribution of pharmacists to science
was in the area of chemistry.
11. The development of manufacturing pharmacy began.
Rapid mass production of medicines followed.
Standardization, biologically prepared products,
complex chemical synthesis, and increased use of
parenteral medications were all part of this period.
12. The beginning of this era concentrated on
research to develop new medicines. Research
on medication s was done.
New drugs were developed. Had a lot of
adverse reactions to drugs so drug review and
monitoring resulted. Pharmacists began to
take a more hands on role in dispensing
medications and patient education.
13. Research in the area of biotechnology and gene
therapy is being conducted. Medications are being
produced through recombinant DNA technology.
New therapies for cancer, anemia, and hepatitis are
being introduced.
14. Pharmaceutics is the discipline of pharmacy that
deals with the process of turning a new chemical
entity (NCE) or old drugs into a medication to be
used safely and effectively by patients. It is also
called the science of dosage form design.
There are many chemicals with pharmacological
properties, but need special measures to help them
achieve therapeutically relevant amounts at their
sites of action. Pharmaceutics helps relate the
formulation of drugs to their delivery and
disposition in the body. Pharmaceutics deals with
the formulation of a pure drug substance into a
dosage form.
16. An understanding of basic physical pharmacy
Necessary for the effective design of dosage
form
Applied in biopharmaceutics
The design & formulation of medicines
Manufacture of medicines on both a small &
large scale
To know theraputices effect of a medicine