This document discusses the evaluation of semi-solid dosage forms. It defines semi-solids and classifies them into different types including ointments, creams, pastes, poultices, gels, and plasters. It describes the key characteristics and uses of each type. The document also covers important ingredients for semi-solids, including bases, and methods for evaluating different properties of semi-solids like penetration rate, absorption, rheology, biological testing, drug content, viscosity, and spreadability.

1. EVALUATION OF SEMI SOLID
DOSAGE FORMS
Presented By
Pooja Swaminathan

2. DEFINITION

3. CLASSIFICATION

4. TYPES OF SEMI-SOLIDS
1. OINTMENTS
Ointments are homogenous, translucent, viscous,
semi-solid preparation intended for external
application to skin or mucous membranes. Ointment
may be medicated or not.
 USES
 Emollient,
 Application for active ingredients to the skin,
 Occulsive

5. 2. CREAMS
Viscous semi-solid emulsion with opaque appearance as
contrasted with translucent ointments.
Consistency depends on whether the cream is W/O or
O/W.
W/O CREAMS O/W CREAMS
Contain lipophilic
emulsifying agent
Contains O/W emulsifying
agent
Used as emollient or as
cleansing agent
O/W creams are elegant
drug delivery system

6. 3. PASTES
 Contains high percentage of insoluble solid (usually 50% or more)
 Pastes are usually prepared by incorporating solids directly into a
congealed system by levigation with a portion of base to form paste
like mass.
 They have good adhesion on skin and less greasy.

7. 4. POULTICES
 They are solid masses of solid matter applied to skin in order to,
reduce inflammation & in some cases to act as a counter irritant.
 Poultices must retain heat for a considerable time.
 After heating the preparation, it is spread on dressing & applied to
the affected area.
 E.g: Kaolin poultice (B.P.C)

8. 5. GELS & JELLIES
 Gels are semi solid system in which liquid phase
is constrained with a 3-D polymeric matrix having a high degree of
physical or chemical cross linking.
 Gels are aqueous colloidal system of hydrated forms of insoluble
medicaments.
 Jellies are transparent or translucent non greasy semisolid & contain
more water than gels.
 USES:
It is used for medication, lubrication & carrier for spermicidal agents
to be used intra vaginally with diaphragm.

9. 6. PLASTERS
 Plasters are solid or semi solid masses made by
incorporating medicaments in the resinous or waxy
bases which are melted or spread on suitable baking
material.
They are generously used to,
 Afford protections & medicinal support.
 Furnish on occlusive & macerating action.
 Bring medications in to close contact with the surface of
skin.

10. INGREDIENTS FOR SEMISOLID

11. SEMISOLID BASES
 It is one of the most important ingredients used in the
formulation of semisolid dosage form.
 Ointments base do not merely acts as the carrier of the
medicaments, but they also control the extent of absorption of
medicaments incorporated with them.

12. EVALUATION OF SEMISOLIDS
Evaluation of
OINTMENTS
PENETRATION
Rate of release of
medicaments
Absorption of
medicaments into
blood stream
Irritant effect

15. Evaluation of
CREAMS
Rheology
Biological
Testing
Sensitivity

17. Evaluation of
PASTE
Abrasiveness
Particle Size
Rheology
pH of the product
Foaming Character

20. Evaluation Of
GELS
Drug Content
Homogeneity of Drug Content
Measurement of pH
Viscosity
Spreadability
Extrudability

23. THANK
YOU