This document discusses personal grooming and hygiene for residents. It addresses the importance of grooming for self-image and outlines the role of nurse aides in assisting residents with their daily hygiene needs such as bathing, oral care, hair care, nail care, shaving and dressing. The document provides guidance on appropriate techniques and safety considerations for various grooming tasks to promote residents' independence, well-being and self-esteem.

1. PERSONNAL GROOMING AND HYGIENE

2. Personal grooming is importantPersonal grooming is important
for a positive self-image and everyfor a positive self-image and every
effort should be made to encourageeffort should be made to encourage
and assist the resident to maintain aand assist the resident to maintain a
pleasing and attractive appearance.pleasing and attractive appearance.
Personal Care And Grooming:Personal Care And Grooming:
Relationship To Self-EsteemRelationship To Self-Esteem
IntroductionIntroduction
(continued)(continued)

3. 9.09.0 Provide for the resident’s personalProvide for the resident’s personal
care and grooming needs andcare and grooming needs and
identify the role of the nurse aideidentify the role of the nurse aide
in meeting these needs.in meeting these needs.
9.19.1 List the daily hygienic needs of anList the daily hygienic needs of an
individual.individual.

4. Daily Hygiene NeedsDaily Hygiene Needs
 BathingBathing
 Skin careSkin care
 Back careBack care
 OralOral
hygienehygiene
 ShavingShaving
 ShampooingShampooing
hairhair
 Hair careHair care
 Nail careNail care
 Perineal carePerineal care
 Dressing andDressing and
undressingundressing

5. 9.1.19.1.1 Describe factors that affect aDescribe factors that affect a
resident’s personal hygieneresident’s personal hygiene
practices.practices.

6. Factors That Affect Hygiene PracticesFactors That Affect Hygiene Practices
 CultureCulture
 Family PracticesFamily Practices
 IllnessIllness
 Individual preferencesIndividual preferences
 Bath in morning or before going toBath in morning or before going to
bedbed
 Frequency of bathing, shavingFrequency of bathing, shaving
 Shampooing hair daily or weeklyShampooing hair daily or weekly

7. Factors That Affect Hygiene PracticesFactors That Affect Hygiene Practices
(continued)(continued)
 EconomicsEconomics
 Unable to affordUnable to afford
deodorant, shampoo,deodorant, shampoo,
etc.etc.
 Unable to affordUnable to afford
utilitiesutilities

8. 9.1.29.1.2 Discuss the role of the nurseDiscuss the role of the nurse
aide and how personal care canaide and how personal care can
be used to promote self-esteembe used to promote self-esteem
and well-being.and well-being.

9. Personal Care and Grooming:Personal Care and Grooming:
Role of the Nurse AideRole of the Nurse Aide
 Assist to follow theirAssist to follow their
personal hygiene practices personal hygiene practices
 Encourage to do as much ofEncourage to do as much of
their daily care as possible their daily care as possible
 Assist residents to selectAssist residents to select
their own clothing their own clothing

10. Personal Care and Grooming:Personal Care and Grooming:
Role of the Nurse AideRole of the Nurse Aide
(continued)(continued)
 Promote independence and selfPromote independence and self
esteem esteem
 Encourage use of deodorant,Encourage use of deodorant,
perfume, aftershave lotion, andperfume, aftershave lotion, and
cosmeticscosmetics
 Be patient and encouragingBe patient and encouraging

12. 9.29.2 Define and discuss oral hygiene.Define and discuss oral hygiene.

13. Oral HygieneOral Hygiene
 Definition: measures used toDefinition: measures used to
keep mouth and teeth cleankeep mouth and teeth clean
and free of microorganismsand free of microorganisms

14. Oral HygieneOral Hygiene
(continued)(continued)
 PurposePurpose
 Prevent odorsPrevent odors
 Prevent infectionsPrevent infections
 Prevent tooth decay andPrevent tooth decay and
loss of teethloss of teeth
 Prevent gum diseasePrevent gum disease
 Increase comfortIncrease comfort
 Enhance taste of foodEnhance taste of food

15. Oral HygieneOral Hygiene
(continued)(continued)
 Oral hygiene is provided:Oral hygiene is provided:
 Before breakfastBefore breakfast
 After mealsAfter meals
 At bedtimeAt bedtime
 Other times as requestedOther times as requested
or necessaryor necessary

16. Oral HygieneOral Hygiene
(continued)(continued)
 Observations to report:Observations to report:
 Foul mouth odorsFoul mouth odors
 BleedingBleeding
 Loose or broken teeth orLoose or broken teeth or
denturesdentures
 Sores in or around mouthSores in or around mouth
 Coated tongueCoated tongue
 Complaints of painComplaints of pain

17. 9.2.19.2.1 List seven principles to practiceList seven principles to practice
when brushing teeth.when brushing teeth.

18. Principles For Brushing TeethPrinciples For Brushing Teeth
 Hold brush at 45 degree angleHold brush at 45 degree angle
 Use circular motion to brush teethUse circular motion to brush teeth
 Brush well where teeth and gumsBrush well where teeth and gums
meetmeet
 Brush all surfacesBrush all surfaces
 Brush upper teeth firstBrush upper teeth first
 Brush gentlyBrush gently
 Offer diluted mouth washOffer diluted mouth wash

19. Special Mouth Care ProductsSpecial Mouth Care Products
 SwabsSwabs
 Toothettes:Toothettes:
 usually soaked inusually soaked in
mouthwash or plain watermouthwash or plain water
 hydrogen peroxide, salthydrogen peroxide, salt
water solution if specifiedwater solution if specified
on care planon care plan
 Petroleum jelly for dry lipsPetroleum jelly for dry lips

20. 9.2.29.2.2 Discuss the care of a resident’sDiscuss the care of a resident’s
dentures.dentures.

21. Denture CareDenture Care
 Handle carefully – expensive toHandle carefully – expensive to
replacereplace
 Clean as often as natural teethClean as often as natural teeth
 Protect from loss or breakageProtect from loss or breakage
 Store safely, when out ofStore safely, when out of
mouth, in labeled containermouth, in labeled container
 Never use hot water, which canNever use hot water, which can
warp dentureswarp dentures

22. Denture CareDenture Care
(continued)(continued)
 Store dry, in water or in specialStore dry, in water or in special
solutionsolution
 For long term storage, putFor long term storage, put
container holding dentures incontainer holding dentures in
bedside standbedside stand

24. 9.39.3 Demonstrate the procedure forDemonstrate the procedure for
assisting the resident with oralassisting the resident with oral
hygiene.hygiene.

25. 9.49.4 Demonstrate the procedure forDemonstrate the procedure for
providing mouth care.providing mouth care.

26. 9.59.5 Demonstrate the procedure forDemonstrate the procedure for
providing mouth care for theproviding mouth care for the
unconscious resident.unconscious resident.

27. 9.69.6 Demonstrate assisting withDemonstrate assisting with
denture care.denture care.

29. 9.79.7 Discuss the care of the resident’sDiscuss the care of the resident’s
nails and feet.nails and feet.

30.  Requires daily cleaning andRequires daily cleaning and
trimming of fingernails andtrimming of fingernails and
toenails as neededtoenails as needed
 Maintain nails by keepingMaintain nails by keeping
nails:nails:
 shortshort
 cleanclean
 free of rough edgesfree of rough edges
Nail CareNail Care

31. 9.7.19.7.1 List three purposes of nail andList three purposes of nail and
foot care.foot care.

32.  PurposePurpose
 Prevent infectionPrevent infection
 Prevent injuryPrevent injury
 Prevent odorsPrevent odors
Nail CareNail Care
(continued)(continued)

33. 9.7.29.7.2 Identify factors to be consideredIdentify factors to be considered
when giving a resident nail care.when giving a resident nail care.

34.  Easier to trim and clean afterEasier to trim and clean after
soakingsoaking
 Nail clipper used to cut andNail clipper used to cut and
trim nailstrim nails
 Clip nails straight acrossClip nails straight across
 Softened cuticle can be pushedSoftened cuticle can be pushed
back with orange stickback with orange stickNail Care: Factors To ConsiderNail Care: Factors To Consider

35.  Use file or emery board to smoothUse file or emery board to smooth
rough edgesrough edges
 Use care not to injure skin whenUse care not to injure skin when
clippingclippingNail Care: Factors To ConsiderNail Care: Factors To Consider
(continued)(continued)

36.  Diabetics and residents withDiabetics and residents with
circulatory problems will have theircirculatory problems will have their
nails trimmed only by a licensednails trimmed only by a licensed
nurse or podiatristnurse or podiatrist
 Review resident care plan and checkReview resident care plan and check
with supervisor prior to trimmingwith supervisor prior to trimming
nailsnails
Nail Care: Factors To ConsiderNail Care: Factors To Consider
(continued)(continued)

37. 9.7.39.7.3 Identify factors to be consideredIdentify factors to be considered
when giving a resident foot care.when giving a resident foot care.

38.  Wash feet using warm waterWash feet using warm water
and mild soapand mild soap
 Dry feet carefully, especiallyDry feet carefully, especially
between the toesbetween the toes
 Apply lotion to tops andApply lotion to tops and
bottoms of feet only, notbottoms of feet only, not
between the toesbetween the toes
Factors To Consider In Foot CareFactors To Consider In Foot Care

39.  Check feet daily for:Check feet daily for:
 redness, warmth or constant painredness, warmth or constant pain
 numbness or tinglingnumbness or tingling
 dry, cracked skindry, cracked skin
 swellingswelling
 blisters, cuts, scratches or other soresblisters, cuts, scratches or other sores
 ingrown toenails, corns, callusesingrown toenails, corns, calluses
Factors To Consider In Foot CareFactors To Consider In Foot Care
(continued)(continued)

40. Factors To Consider In Foot CareFactors To Consider In Foot Care
(continued)(continued)
 Do not use a heatingDo not use a heating
pad on resident’s feetpad on resident’s feet
 Keep footwear on;Keep footwear on;
residents never goresidents never go
barefootbarefoot
 Change socks and shoesChange socks and shoes
dailydaily

41. Factors To Consider In Foot CareFactors To Consider In Foot Care
(continued)(continued)
 Foot injuries andFoot injuries and
infections can lead toinfections can lead to
gangrene andgangrene and
amputation, especially inamputation, especially in
diabeticsdiabetics
 Notify supervisorNotify supervisor
immediately of anyimmediately of any
unusual observations ofunusual observations of
the feetthe feet

43. 9.89.8 Demonstrate cleaning andDemonstrate cleaning and
trimming a resident’s nails.trimming a resident’s nails.

44. 9.99.9 Demonstrate foot care.Demonstrate foot care.

46. 9.109.10 Discuss the nurse aide’sDiscuss the nurse aide’s
responsibility in assisting theresponsibility in assisting the
resident with shaving.resident with shaving.

47. Assisting Resident With ShavingAssisting Resident With Shaving
 Daily activity forDaily activity for
menmen
 Promotes:Promotes:
 Physical comfortPhysical comfort
 Psychological well-Psychological well-
beingbeing

48. 9.10.19.10.1 Review the factors to considerReview the factors to consider
when shaving a resident.when shaving a resident.

49. Assisting Resident With ShavingAssisting Resident With Shaving
 Factors to consider:Factors to consider:
 Electric razor provides greatestElectric razor provides greatest
safetysafety
 Use own equipment or a disposableUse own equipment or a disposable
safety razorsafety razor
 Soften beard and skin prior toSoften beard and skin prior to
shavingshaving

50. Assisting Resident With ShavingAssisting Resident With Shaving
(continued)(continued)
 Factors to consider (continued):Factors to consider (continued):
 Use care not to cut or irritate skinUse care not to cut or irritate skin
while shavingwhile shaving
 Shave in direction hair growsShave in direction hair grows
 Do not use electric razors whenDo not use electric razors when
oxygen in useoxygen in use

52. 9.119.11 Demonstrate assisting theDemonstrate assisting the
resident with shaving.resident with shaving.

54. 9.129.12 Describe ways to assist theDescribe ways to assist the
resident with hair care.resident with hair care.

55. Hair CareHair Care
 Hair care includesHair care includes
 Daily brushingDaily brushing
and combingand combing
 StylingStyling
 ShampooingShampooing

56. 9.12.19.12.1 Review factors to consider forReview factors to consider for
daily hair care.daily hair care.

57. Factors To Consider ForFactors To Consider For
Daily Hair CareDaily Hair Care
 Because hair style isBecause hair style is
personal preference, askpersonal preference, ask
about styleabout style
 Make brushing andMake brushing and
combing part of morningcombing part of morning
carecare

58. Factors To Consider ForFactors To Consider For
Daily Hair CareDaily Hair Care
(continued)(continued)
 Protect resident’sProtect resident’s
clothing by placingclothing by placing
towel around shoulderstowel around shoulders
 Cover pillow withCover pillow with
towel for residentstowel for residents
confined to bedconfined to bed

59. Factors To Consider ForFactors To Consider For
Daily Hair CareDaily Hair Care
(continued)(continued)
 Brushing hair:Brushing hair:
 refreshes residentrefreshes resident
 improves moraleimproves morale
 stimulates circulationstimulates circulation
 distributes natural oils evenlydistributes natural oils evenly
 removes lint and dustremoves lint and dust
 Handle hair gently when brushingHandle hair gently when brushing
or combingor combing

60. Factors To Consider ForFactors To Consider For
Daily Hair CareDaily Hair Care
(continued)(continued)
 Section hair and work on oneSection hair and work on one
area at a timearea at a time
 Note appearance of scalp andNote appearance of scalp and
hairhair
 Hair style should be ageHair style should be age
appropriateappropriate

61. Factors To Consider ForFactors To Consider For
Daily Hair CareDaily Hair Care
(continued)(continued)
 Residents are encouraged to do asResidents are encouraged to do as
much as possible for themselvesmuch as possible for themselves
 Comb and brush are cleaned afterComb and brush are cleaned after
useuse
 Combs and brushes are never sharedCombs and brushes are never shared

62. 9.12.29.12.2 Discuss considerations usedDiscuss considerations used
when shampooing a resident’swhen shampooing a resident’s
hair.hair.

63. Shampooing ConsiderationsShampooing Considerations
 Frequency individualizedFrequency individualized
 Resident’s shampoo,Resident’s shampoo,
conditioner and otherconditioner and other
hair care products arehair care products are
usedused
 Resident assisted toResident assisted to
beauty shop if availablebeauty shop if available

64. 9.12.39.12.3 List the various methods forList the various methods for
shampooing hair.shampooing hair.

65. Shampooing ConsiderationsShampooing Considerations
(continued)(continued)
 Methods of shampooing:Methods of shampooing:
 during showerduring shower
 at sinkat sink
 using stretcherusing stretcher
 in bedin bed

66. Shampooing ConsiderationsShampooing Considerations
(continued)(continued)
 Eyes and ears protectedEyes and ears protected
 Hair dried as fast asHair dried as fast as
possiblepossible
 Cold or drafty areasCold or drafty areas
eliminatedeliminated
 Female residents assistedFemale residents assisted
to curl or set hairto curl or set hair

67. Shampooing ConsiderationsShampooing Considerations
(continued)(continued)
 Barbers or beauticiansBarbers or beauticians
may be contacted bymay be contacted by
facility to care for hair offacility to care for hair of
residentsresidents
 Care plan to be checkedCare plan to be checked
for any specialfor any special
instructions prior toinstructions prior to
shampooingshampooing

69. 9.139.13 Demonstrate caring for theDemonstrate caring for the
residents’ hair.residents’ hair.

70. 9.149.14 Demonstrate shampooing hairDemonstrate shampooing hair
of resident who is in bed.of resident who is in bed.

72. 9.159.15 Identify the general principles ofIdentify the general principles of
dressing and undressing adressing and undressing a
resident.resident.

73. Dressing And UndressingDressing And Undressing
 Encourage resident toEncourage resident to
choose own clothingchoose own clothing
 Dress daily own clothingDress daily own clothing
and underwearand underwear
 Make sure clothes are inMake sure clothes are in
good repairgood repair

74. Dressing And UndressingDressing And Undressing
(continued)(continued)
 Dress weak or affected sideDress weak or affected side
firstfirst
 Undress weak or affectedUndress weak or affected
side lastside last
 Ensure clothing isEnsure clothing is
appropriate for weatherappropriate for weather
and environmentand environment

75. Dressing And UndressingDressing And Undressing
(continued)(continued)
 Encourage resident to wearEncourage resident to wear
clothing that matches andclothing that matches and
is clean and neatis clean and neat
 Dress should be ageDress should be age
appropriateappropriate
 Do not put clothing onDo not put clothing on
backwardsbackwards

76. Dressing And UndressingDressing And Undressing
(continued)(continued)
 Be gentleBe gentle
 Always be patientAlways be patient
and provide time forand provide time for
residents to do asresidents to do as
much as possible formuch as possible for
themselvesthemselves

78. 9.169.16 Demonstrate the procedure forDemonstrate the procedure for
dressing and undressing thedressing and undressing the
resident.resident.

80. 9.179.17 Identify the purposes of bathing aIdentify the purposes of bathing a
resident.resident.

81. Bathing ResidentBathing Resident
 Purpose of BathingPurpose of Bathing
 Removes perspiration,Removes perspiration,
dirt anddirt and
microorganismsmicroorganisms
 Stimulates circulationStimulates circulation
 Exercises body partsExercises body parts

82. Bathing ResidentBathing Resident
(continued)(continued)
 Purpose of BathingPurpose of Bathing (continued)(continued)
 Refreshes, relaxes andRefreshes, relaxes and
promotes physicalpromotes physical
comfortcomfort
 Removes odorsRemoves odors
 Allows for evaluation ofAllows for evaluation of
skin conditionskin condition

83. 9.17.19.17.1 Discuss the various methods ofDiscuss the various methods of
bathing a resident.bathing a resident.

84. Bathing ResidentBathing Resident
 Methods of BathingMethods of Bathing
 Partial bath Partial bath
 Complete bedComplete bed
bath bath
 Tub bath Tub bath
 Shower Shower

85. 9.17.29.17.2 Identify guidelines for bathingIdentify guidelines for bathing
a resident.a resident.

86. Guidelines for BathingGuidelines for Bathing
 Receive instructionsReceive instructions
from supervisorfrom supervisor
regarding method ofregarding method of
bathing and skin carebathing and skin care
products to useproducts to use
 Provide privacyProvide privacy
 Reduce drafts by closingReduce drafts by closing
windows, drapes andwindows, drapes and
doorsdoors

87. Guidelines for BathingGuidelines for Bathing
(continued)(continued)
 Use good body mechanicsUse good body mechanics
 Keep covered for warmth and privacyKeep covered for warmth and privacy
 Protect safety of resident:Protect safety of resident:
 never leave unattended in bathtubnever leave unattended in bathtub
or showeror shower
 take precautions to prevent slipstake precautions to prevent slips
and fallsand falls
 have temperature no higher thanhave temperature no higher than
105105°°F for tub or showerF for tub or shower

88. Guidelines for BathingGuidelines for Bathing
(continued)(continued)
 Rinse skin completely if not usingRinse skin completely if not using
no-rinse productno-rinse product
 Encourage to do as much asEncourage to do as much as
possible for selfpossible for self
 Pat skin dryPat skin dry
 Observe condition of skinObserve condition of skin

89. 9.17.39.17.3 Observe the condition of theObserve the condition of the
skin and report any unusualskin and report any unusual
observations.observations.

90. Skin Observations While BathingSkin Observations While Bathing
 Color of skin, lips, nailColor of skin, lips, nail
beds and sclera of eyesbeds and sclera of eyes
 Location and descriptionLocation and description
of rashesof rashes
 Dry skinDry skin
 Bruises or open areas onBruises or open areas on
skinskin

91. Skin Observations While BathingSkin Observations While Bathing
(continued)(continued)
 Pale or reddened areas,Pale or reddened areas,
especially over bonyespecially over bony
partsparts
 Drainage or bleedingDrainage or bleeding
from wounds orfrom wounds or
orificesorifices
 Skin temperatureSkin temperature
 Complaints of pain orComplaints of pain or
discomfortdiscomfort

93. 9.189.18 Demonstrate the procedure forDemonstrate the procedure for
giving a complete bed bath andgiving a complete bed bath and
partial bath.partial bath.

94. 9.199.19 Demonstrate the procedure forDemonstrate the procedure for
giving a tub bath or shower.giving a tub bath or shower.

96. 9.209.20 Discuss giving perineal care.Discuss giving perineal care.

97. Perineal CarePerineal Care
 Used to clean genital and anal areasUsed to clean genital and anal areas
 Prevents infectionPrevents infection
 Prevents odorsPrevents odors
 Promotes comfortPromotes comfort

98. Perineal CarePerineal Care
 Rules of medical asepsis andRules of medical asepsis and
Standard Precautions followedStandard Precautions followed
 Work from cleanest to dirtiest areaWork from cleanest to dirtiest area
(front to back)(front to back)
 urethral area – cleanesturethral area – cleanest
 anal area – dirtiestanal area – dirtiest

99. Perineal CarePerineal Care
(continued)(continued)
 Delicate area that needs special careDelicate area that needs special care
 Use warm waterUse warm water
 Wash gentlyWash gently
 Rinse wellRinse well
 Pat dryPat dry

101. 9.219.21 Demonstrate giving perinealDemonstrate giving perineal
care.care.

103. 9.229.22 Discuss giving a back rub.Discuss giving a back rub.

104. Giving A Back RubGiving A Back Rub
 Purpose Purpose
 Stimulate circulation Stimulate circulation
 Prevent skinPrevent skin
breakdown breakdown
 SoothingSoothing
 RefreshingRefreshing

105. Giving A Back RubGiving A Back Rub
(continued)(continued)
 Use a combination of strokesUse a combination of strokes
 Long, smooth strokes – relaxingLong, smooth strokes – relaxing
 Short, circular strokes – stimulatingShort, circular strokes – stimulating
 Use warmed lotion applied withUse warmed lotion applied with
palms of handspalms of hands
 Rub 3 - 5 minutesRub 3 - 5 minutes

107. 9.239.23 Demonstrate giving a back rub.Demonstrate giving a back rub.