Book 1 chapter 9 All India Institute of Local Self Government In this presentation of personal hygiene, environment hygiene has also been included Aspects we need to know, before we make the first impression, cleanliness, its types and various methods used have been described. By Dr. Chhavi Bajaj AIILSG

1. PERSONAL HYGIENE
DR. CHHAVI BAJAJ
AIILSG

2. First impression is
The last impression

3. Personal hygiene means keeping yourself
clean
Prevents diseases
Maintaining good Public relations
Inexpensive- not costly
Only cleanliness is required

4. Hair
Comb daily
Wash with shampoo twice a week
Massage scalp with a little oil
Coconut oil, almond oil
Tea tree oil- antifungal, prevents dandruff

5. Bathing
Scrub the body
Clean with soap
Axilla back neck needs care as well
Clean towel
Any soap is good.
In summers, Antiseptic soaps like dettol, neem have better results
In winters, oiling before bathing is good and expose to sun

6. Clothes
Not expensive but clean
Daily clean clothes, dried in sunlight
Under cloths should be changed and cleaned daily
Never use another person’s towel or hanky
Never share clothes
(includes family members and friends)

7. Shave
Shaving is usually done by a barber
This can be a source of infection if cleaning is not good
Clean brush
Razor boiled in water
Clean towel for face

8. Brush
Toothbrush with toothpaste
Brush two times in a day
All food should be removed
Rinse with water
All dental problems can be prevented this way

9. Eyes
Important for good vision
Wash eyes twice daily
Protect from smoke, dirt and sunlight
Do not share hanky or kajal
No flies near eyes

10. Fingers and toes
Always wear slippers outside the home
Not inside
Shoes in rainy season
Wash hand, clip nails
Small worms (hookworm) may enter through soil and get inside intestine
May lead to anaemia and could be very dangerous

11. Nails
Long nails can accumulate dirt
It is difficult to clean
May contain infections
Cut nails to avoid such infections
Wash hands with soap and water

12. Fingers
NEVER put fingers in eyes nose and ears
Not even with sticks and pins
They may get broken inside or harm these organs
To clean them use clean cloth or hanky
While coughing, cover your nose and mouth (wear a mask)
DO NOT spit

13. To stop spread of communicable diseases
Communicable diseases- those diseases which can be spread from one person
to another. Eg. cold, cough, tuberculosis, chicken pox, COVID 19
Do not share food, even with friends
Wash fruits and vegetables before use (Potassium permanganate)
Contaminated water to be avoided
Do not eat exposed food from market (Chole bhature)
Sweets with flies around them should not be eaten

14. Hygiene- the science of preserving and
promoting health
Health
Health is a state of complete Physical, Mental and Social well being, and not
merely just absence of disease or infirmity

15. Healthy Environment
Made up of- personal and environmental hygiene
Self + surrounding
Individual + community
Personal hygiene problem- skin diseases, scabies
Community hygiene problems- Air- Tuberculosis, COVID 19
Insect- Malaria, filaria
Water- Jaundice, diahorrea

16. Physical health
It includes discussion of health of different parts of body like
Eyes hands
Skin feet
Hair exercise
Ears posture
Teeth systems

17. Care of skin
Protective- Creates a physical barrier
Sensory- sensitive to touch heat cold pressure and pain
Heat regulation- body temperature
Excretory- Sweat glands
Vitamin D- helps in Vit D synthesis

18. Skin types
Normal skin baby skin
Dry skin in winters, apply cream
Oily skin in winters, no cream required
Combination a mixture of both, care to be taken as oily skin

19. Hygiene of skin
Outermost covering
Dust is present- sweat, bacteria, dead epithelial cells
May lead to infection or bad odour
Bathing is essential, once daily minimum
Clean soft towel after bathing + talcum powder

20. Bath
Keeps skin clean
Improves blood circulation
Sense of freshness to mind and body
Four types are
1. Cold bath
2. Warm bath
3. Hot bath
4. Oil bath

21. Protection of skin
1. Regular bath prevents boils, scabies
2. Oil bath in winters
3. Balanced diet Vitamin A
4. Mosquito net protection
5. Protective clothing to protect from chemical agents (gloves while using
acids, protects skin)
6. Cosmetics if there is no allergy, can be used

22. Care of hair
Condition of hair reflects nutritional status
In kwashiorkor golden brown colour of hair is due to protein deficiency
Thinning of hair- less nourishment
Loss of pigmentation- age related
And vitamin deficiency

23. Care of teeth
Improvement of oral hygiene improves overall health
Good oral hygiene implies to sound teeth & healthy gums
Teeth helps in mastication (chewing) of food
Good apperance
Clear speech

24. Dental caries (cavities)

25. Periodontal diseases (gum problems)
Painless condition, often remains unnoticed, leads to loss of teeth (pyorrhoea)

26. Control and prevention of dental disease
1. Tooth brushing
2. Fluorides- not used in India anymore
3. Regular dental check-ups- every 6 months is required
4. Diet- More of fibrous fruit intake, less of sweets
5. Habits- Smoking, gutka, BBS
6. Care of denture-
● dentures should be removed at night
● After removal, mouthwash should be used
● and brush the denture
● Should be kept in a seperate box

27. TOOTH BRUSHING
● Brush twice daily
● Soft bristle brush
● Brush in vertical and circular motions
● Tongue cleaner and throat cleaning with warm water
● Electric toothbrush is also used nowadays

28. Care of eyes
EYES ARE THE WINDOW OF LEARNING
Problems that may occur
● Infections (conjunctivitis, trachoma, styes)
● Injuries
● Malnutrition
● Refraction defect (specs)
● Others (cataract, glaucoma)
ALL THE ABOVE CONDITION, IF NEGLECTED, MAY LEAD TO
VISUAL HANDICAPS AND BLINDNESS
Eye lens

29. Conjunctivitis
Nutrition deficiency
Eye injury
Cataract

30. Refraction Defects
MYOPIA
Good near vision
NEAR
SIGHTEDNESS
Specs required for
Distant objects

31. BLINDNESS
Causes of blindness
● Cataract
● Trachoma
● Corneal opacity
● Refraction error
● Glaucoma

32. GLAUCOMA
A group of eye conditions that can cause blindness.
With all types of glaucoma, the nerve connecting the eye to the brain is
damaged, usually due to high eye pressure.
The most common type of glaucoma (open-angle glaucoma) often has no
symptoms other than slow vision loss. Angle-closure glaucoma, although rare,
is a medical emergency and its symptoms include eye pain with nausea and
sudden visual disturbance.
Treatment includes eye drops, medication and surgery

33. Measures to prevent blindness
Early diagnosis
Good personal hygiene
Improvements in diet
Control of flies
Health education

34. Prevention
● Prevention and control of infection
○ Any discharge, redness and pain to be taken seriously
○ With early diagnosis, many diseases are preventable
○ Health education about clean towels
○ Health education about fly control
● Injuries-
○ Occupational
○ Crackers
○ While playing
○ charcoal , sand etc

35. ● Eye strains
○ Good light while studying
○ One and a half foot distance between book and eyes
○ Protect from sunlight, and UV rays
● Good diet
○ Deficiency of vitamin A- xerosis, keratomalacia, night blindness
○ Mass prophylaxis in 1970
○ Now a part of immunization
● Squint
○ Treatment is possible
● Regular check ups
○ For glasses and early detection of many diseases
● Hygiene of eye
○ Daily cleaning, and exercise
● Care of eye in newborn- silver nitrate solution
● Harmful practise- self treatment

36. Care of ears
Function of ear are hearing and equilibrium
● Otitis media
● Earache
● Discharge
● Foreign body
How to care
● Keep ear clean
● Remove excessive wax
● Protect from loud noise
● Prevent otitis media
● No foreign particles

37. Care of hands
Always keep clean
Before food
Nail biting habit should be corrected

38. Sleep
The body needs rest and sleep for maintenance of health
adults - 7 to 9 hours
Children- 12-14 hours

39. Exercise
● Tones up body
● Improves blood and lymph circulation
● Improves heart health
● Ventilates lungs
● Stimulates appetite
● Speeds up burning of glucose
● Improves coordination
● Sleep
● Reduces stress

40. Posture
Reduced low back pain
Fewer headaches
Increased energy levels
Less tension in your shoulders and neck
Decreased risk of abnormal wearing of the joint surfaces
Increased lung capacity
Improved circulation and digestion

41. Nutrition

42. Elimination
● Lungs emit Carbon dioxide
● Skin eliminates sweat
● Kidney urine
Constipation is best avoided by
● Improving diet
● Fluid intake
● Exercise
● Regular habits

43. Thank you