Cardiovascular System Anatomy

1. Cardiovascular System Anatomy
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High Healthy Vocations Institute
Presented by
Professional Nurse
Salah Nazar Abdulwahhab
M.Sc. Adult Nursing
‫م‬.‫إختصاص‬ ‫جامعي‬
‫الحمداني‬ ‫الوهاب‬ ‫عبد‬ ‫نزار‬ ‫صـالح‬
‫تمـريض‬ ‫علــوم‬ ‫ماجـستير‬(‫بالغين‬)
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2. Types of Blood Vessels
Arteries: transport blood away from the heart and typically carry oxygenated blood.
Veins: transport blood toward the heart and typically carry deoxygenated blood.
Capillaries: microscopic blood vessels that allow exchange between blood and
tissues.
All blood vessels have three layers, from the inside to outside
1. Tunica interna (intima)
2. Tunica media
3. Tunica externa (adventitia)
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3. Structure of Blood Vessels
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4. Characteristic of Blood Vessels
 Arteries pump blood around the body, so have the thickest muscular layers
(tunica media).
 Veins, with very little muscle in their walls in comparison to the arteries that
travel with them, the veins contain valves to prevent return of blood
 Capillaries are very small, with really thin walls, and often appear to have only a
tunica intima, just a circle of endothelial cells surrounding a lumen
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5. Major Arteries of the Head and Neck
 Common Carotid Artery
Extent: The origin of the right and left common carotid arteries differs. The right
common carotid artery arises from brachiocephalic trunk and left from arch of aorta.
Branches: Both the arteries end by dividing into: (External Carotid Artery and Internal
Carotid Artery)
 Subclavian Artery
Extent: On the left side, it directly arises from arch of aorta but on the right side,
from brachiocephalic trunk. At the level of the outer border of the first rib, it continues
as axillary artery in the axilla.
 Vertebral Artery
Extent: It arises from the upper surface of first part of subclavian artery
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7. Common Arteries of Thorax and Abdomen
 Aorta: It is one of the great vessels arising from
left ventricle and distributes the oxygenated
blood to all parts of the body consist of 3 part:
1. Ascending Aorta
Branches: Right and left coronary arteries
2. Arch of Aorta
Branches: Brachiocephalic artery, left common
carotid artery, left subclavian artery
3. Descending Thoracic Aorta
 Celiac Trunk
 Abdominal Aorta
 Superior Mesenteric
 Inferior Mesenteric
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8. Common Arteries of Upper Limb
ARTERIES OF UPPER LIMB
 Axillary Artery
 Brachial Artery
 Radial Artery
 Ulnar Artery
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9. Common Arteries of Lower Limb
ARTERIES OF LOWER LIMB
 Common Iliac Arteries
 Femoral Artery
 Popliteal Artery
 Anterior Tibial Artery
 Posterior Tibial Artery
 Plantar Arch
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10. Common Veins of the Head and Neck
Two divisions:
Superficial Veins
External Jugular veins
Anterior jugular veins
It drains blood from: Outside of the skull, Deep parts of the face
Deep Veins
Internal Jugulars veins: Drains blood from the head, brain, face & neck
Vertebral veins: Drain cervical vertebrae, spinal cord and small neck muscles
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12. Common Veins of Thorax and Upper Limb
VEINS OF THORAX
 Intercostal Veins
 Azygos Vein
 Hemiazygos Vein
 Accessory Hemiazygos Vein
 Superior Vena Cava
VEINS OF UPPER LIMB
 Basilic Vein
 Cephalic Vein
 Median Cubital Vein
 Axillary Vein
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13. Thorax and upper limb vein
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14. Common Veins of Abdomen and Lower Limb
VEINS OF ABDOMEN AND PELVIS
 Superior Mesenteric Vein
 Inferior Mesenteric Vein
 Portal Vein
 Inferior vena cava
VEINS OF LOWER LIMB
 Dorsal Venous Arch
 Saphenous Vein
 Popliteal vein
 Femoral Vein14

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16. Thank You
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