This paper presents a performance evaluation and optimization method of an air preheater based on routine
operation data measured onsite at LANCO-UPCL, Nagarjuna thermal power plant Padubidri, Karnataka, India. The work
focuses on the performance of Regenerative type air pre heater (model LAP 13494/2200). The performances were
evaluated before and after radial sector plate clearance adjustments with air preheater tests, and improvement is seen
along with air preheater optimization.
This document discusses heat rate audits in thermal power plants. It aims to identify causes of efficiency losses that increase heat rate. Some key points:
- Heat rate is the amount of heat input (fuel) required per unit of power generated and impacts generation costs. Lower heat rates reduce costs.
- Losses occur in the boiler, turbine, condenser/feedwater systems, circulating water system, and from electrical/steam auxiliaries.
- Common causes of higher heat rates include incomplete combustion, turbine erosion, condenser tube fouling, and electrical auxiliary inefficiencies.
- Tracking plant parameters and conducting monthly performance tests can identify losses and guide improvement efforts to lower heat rates.
The document provides an overview of the key components and processes involved in a thermal power plant. It discusses the basic principle of converting heat energy from fuel combustion into electrical energy through a steam turbine generator. The main components and processes described include the boiler, steam generation using a Rankine cycle, superheaters, reheater, economizer, turbine, condenser, and feedwater system. Auxiliary components to support combustion and power generation such as mills, fans, precipitators and the ash handling system are also outlined.
The Presentation discusses the Air-Heater Performance Indices and the Boiler Performance calculation. One can Calculate the air ingress in the air-heater and the boiler and losses incurred thereby. The presentation also describes in details about the boiler efficiency and its calculation.
This document provides an overview and descriptions of the key components of an air preheater used at the Mongduong 2 560 MW Coal Fired Power Plant. It describes the rotor assembly, rotor seals, rotor drive unit, support and guide bearings, lube oil circulation unit, retractable sootblowers, water washing device, and fire fighting system. The air preheater transfers heat from flue gas to incoming combustion air using rotating heat transfer elements to increase the air temperature prior to combustion.
Performance evaluation and optimization of air preheater in thermal power plantIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study on optimizing the performance of an air preheater at a thermal power plant in India. The study evaluated the performance of a Ljungstrom air preheater (model LAP 13494/2200) before and after adjusting radial sector plate clearances. Key findings include:
- Performance metrics like air leakage, gas side efficiency, and X-ratio were calculated from temperature and gas composition measurements taken at the air preheater inlet and outlet.
- Adjusting the radial sector plate clearances helped reduce air leakage and improve the air preheater's gas side efficiency.
The document discusses draft systems and fans used in boiler systems. It provides information on primary air systems, secondary air systems, induced draft fans and other auxiliary fans used in boilers. It describes the components and functioning of various fans including primary air fans, forced draft fans, induced draft fans. It also provides basics on different types of fans, fan performance curves, impact of speed on flow, pressure and power, and use of variable speed drives to control fan speed and improve efficiency.
The presentation is for the engineers of HIRA POWER PLANT,. The complete calculations for calculation of boiler efficiency are described in the presentation
The document discusses a regenerative air preheater (GAH) used at a power plant. It contains specifications for the GAH such as its size, heating surface areas, temperatures, and pressure drops. The GAH uses a rotating cylinder filled with heating elements to transfer heat from flue gases to combustion air. It helps increase boiler efficiency. However, leakage of air through the seals is an inherent issue. The document examines various paths and causes of leakage, including thermal expansion differences between the hot and cold ends of the rotor. It notes the importance of properly setting seals to account for this "turn down" and minimizing gaps between sealing surfaces. Excessive leakage reduces efficiency and increases heat rate and power consumption.
This document discusses heat rate audits in thermal power plants. It aims to identify causes of efficiency losses that increase heat rate. Some key points:
- Heat rate is the amount of heat input (fuel) required per unit of power generated and impacts generation costs. Lower heat rates reduce costs.
- Losses occur in the boiler, turbine, condenser/feedwater systems, circulating water system, and from electrical/steam auxiliaries.
- Common causes of higher heat rates include incomplete combustion, turbine erosion, condenser tube fouling, and electrical auxiliary inefficiencies.
- Tracking plant parameters and conducting monthly performance tests can identify losses and guide improvement efforts to lower heat rates.
The document provides an overview of the key components and processes involved in a thermal power plant. It discusses the basic principle of converting heat energy from fuel combustion into electrical energy through a steam turbine generator. The main components and processes described include the boiler, steam generation using a Rankine cycle, superheaters, reheater, economizer, turbine, condenser, and feedwater system. Auxiliary components to support combustion and power generation such as mills, fans, precipitators and the ash handling system are also outlined.
The Presentation discusses the Air-Heater Performance Indices and the Boiler Performance calculation. One can Calculate the air ingress in the air-heater and the boiler and losses incurred thereby. The presentation also describes in details about the boiler efficiency and its calculation.
This document provides an overview and descriptions of the key components of an air preheater used at the Mongduong 2 560 MW Coal Fired Power Plant. It describes the rotor assembly, rotor seals, rotor drive unit, support and guide bearings, lube oil circulation unit, retractable sootblowers, water washing device, and fire fighting system. The air preheater transfers heat from flue gas to incoming combustion air using rotating heat transfer elements to increase the air temperature prior to combustion.
Performance evaluation and optimization of air preheater in thermal power plantIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study on optimizing the performance of an air preheater at a thermal power plant in India. The study evaluated the performance of a Ljungstrom air preheater (model LAP 13494/2200) before and after adjusting radial sector plate clearances. Key findings include:
- Performance metrics like air leakage, gas side efficiency, and X-ratio were calculated from temperature and gas composition measurements taken at the air preheater inlet and outlet.
- Adjusting the radial sector plate clearances helped reduce air leakage and improve the air preheater's gas side efficiency.
The document discusses draft systems and fans used in boiler systems. It provides information on primary air systems, secondary air systems, induced draft fans and other auxiliary fans used in boilers. It describes the components and functioning of various fans including primary air fans, forced draft fans, induced draft fans. It also provides basics on different types of fans, fan performance curves, impact of speed on flow, pressure and power, and use of variable speed drives to control fan speed and improve efficiency.
The presentation is for the engineers of HIRA POWER PLANT,. The complete calculations for calculation of boiler efficiency are described in the presentation
The document discusses a regenerative air preheater (GAH) used at a power plant. It contains specifications for the GAH such as its size, heating surface areas, temperatures, and pressure drops. The GAH uses a rotating cylinder filled with heating elements to transfer heat from flue gases to combustion air. It helps increase boiler efficiency. However, leakage of air through the seals is an inherent issue. The document examines various paths and causes of leakage, including thermal expansion differences between the hot and cold ends of the rotor. It notes the importance of properly setting seals to account for this "turn down" and minimizing gaps between sealing surfaces. Excessive leakage reduces efficiency and increases heat rate and power consumption.
the presentation describes in details about the feed water and condensate heaters used in Thermal Power Stations or elsewhere. The performance parameters of the heaters are also described in details.
This document is a seminar report submitted by Mr. Ganesh Vasant Nirgude to the University of Pune on supercritical technology in power plants. It includes a certificate from the college confirming Mr. Nirgude presented the seminar. The report contains an introduction on the basic Rankine cycle and efficiency factors. It also discusses supercritical Rankine cycles, design aspects of supercritical boilers, material selection challenges, and advances in supercritical technology for the future in India.
Improve plant heat rate with feedwater heater controlHossam Zein
This document discusses improving thermal efficiency in power plants by optimizing feedwater heater performance and control. It contains the following key points:
1. Small deviations in heat rate can have large impacts on annual fuel costs, so precise control of feedwater heater levels is important for efficiency. Poor level control leads to heat losses.
2. Feedwater heaters use extraction steam to preheat feedwater and improve boiler efficiency. Accurate level control ensures optimal heat transfer. Instrument errors can degrade performance.
3. Two case studies show how unreliable level controls increased annual fuel costs by $243,000 in one plant and led to excessive heater bypasses in another. Updating controls provided paybacks of 1
This document discusses the calculation of heat rate and turbine cylinder efficiency for a 210 MW KWU turbine cycle. It describes the enthalpy method used to calculate heat rate, which involves measuring steam and flow parameters at various points and using steam tables to determine enthalpy values. The calculation is done in four parts: measurements, enthalpy calculations, determining hot reheat flow, and the final heat rate calculation. Turbine cylinder efficiency is also calculated using enthalpy drop methods by determining actual and theoretical enthalpy changes across the high pressure turbine. Standard methods and typical heat rates for different capacity turbines are also listed.
This document describes the thermal power cycle of a steam turbine power plant. It includes diagrams of the boiler, turbines, condenser and other components. It discusses the efficiencies of the boiler (86.5%), high pressure turbine (81.11%), intermediate pressure turbine (89.83%) and low pressure turbine (85%). It states that the overall steam cycle efficiency is 40%, with 60% of heat being removed by the condenser. Losses at each stage are also outlined.
Waste heat recovery involves capturing heat from hot exhaust gases or streams and reusing it for other industrial processes. There are various types of equipment for waste heat recovery including recuperators, regenerators, heat wheels, heat pipes, economizers, plate heat exchangers, run around coil exchangers, waste heat boilers, and heat pumps. The quality and quantity of recoverable waste heat depends on factors like temperature, flow rate, and temperature difference. Recovering waste heat can provide significant fuel savings and monetary benefits through reduced energy costs.
An air preheater is a heat exchanger that heats incoming combustion air by transferring heat from the flue gases before they are exhausted to the atmosphere. This improves boiler efficiency. There are two main types: recuperative, which uses stationary heat transfer surfaces, and regenerative, which uses rotating heat transfer surfaces. Proper operation and maintenance is important to minimize issues like air leakage, erosion, corrosion, plugging, and fouling that can reduce the air preheater's effectiveness over time. Regular inspection and cleaning helps maintain high performance.
This document lists various boiler and turbine emergencies and provides instructions on actions to take in response to each emergency. It covers issues like low or high drum levels, fan trips, temperature deviations, pressure changes, pump trips, fires and more. The instructions emphasize safeguarding equipment, investigating causes, monitoring key parameters and load reductions as needed.
Types of air preheaters and its advantagesPreeti Agarwal
A very basic word to word meaning is a device used to heat the air before further use is called as Air Preheater. They are also recognized as air heaters or air-heating pipe. It is designed to exchange heat energy with desuperheaters. Desuperheater is a Device which is been used to reduce the temperature of the steam in a high heat generation plants where large amount of heat energy or steam is released in the atmosphere.
Improving boiler efficiency by using air preheaterNetha Jashuva
Abstract: Air pre-heater is a heat transfer surface in which air temperature is raised by transferring heat from other media such as flue gas .Hot air is necessary for rapid combustion in the furnace and also for drying coal in milling plants. So an essential boiler accessory which serves this purpose is air pre-heater. The air pre-heater are not essential for operation of steam generator, but they are used where a study of cost indicates that money can be saved or efficient combustion can be obtained by their use. The decision for its adoption can be made when the financial advantages is weighed against the capital cost of heater in the present paper we have taken up the operation and performance analysis of LJUNGSTROM AIRPREHEATER27VITM 1900 of 2x210 MW capacity Rayalaseema Thermal Power Plant, Kalamala and compare with Rothemuhle air pre-heater. In analysis of performance preventive measures for corrosion of heating elements has been studied, and also air heater leakage, corrected gas outlet temperature and finally gas efficiency has been calculated.
This document describes the methodology for conducting an energy audit of a turbine cycle. It discusses collecting data on steam and water cycle parameters, measuring turbine efficiency, identifying factors that affect heat rate, and evaluating the performance of feedwater heaters. The key steps involve collecting design specifications and operational data, measuring temperatures, pressures, flows, and outputs, calculating turbine efficiency using enthalpy methods, identifying reasons for deviations from design performance, and analyzing factors like steam conditions, condenser performance, heat exchanger fouling that affect the heat rate.
The Presentation describes the basics about the Efficiency and performance of a steam based power plant. It also describes how the heat rate of the power plant is important from the point of view of fuel savings.
Supercritical power plants operate at higher temperatures and pressures than traditional subcritical coal plants, resulting in higher efficiencies of up to 46% and lower emissions. Supercritical plants use once-through boiler/turbine systems that exceed temperatures of 1075°F, compared to 850°F for subcritical plants. Benefits include reduced fuel and emissions costs. Modern supercritical plants have efficiencies over 45% and use proven emissions controls to reduce nitrogen oxide, sulfur oxide, particulate, and mercury emissions.
This document discusses the performance calculation and monitoring of feedwater heaters in thermal power plants. There are three key variables used to monitor feedwater heater efficiency: terminal temperature difference (TTD), drain cooler approach (DCA), and feedwater temperature rise (TR). The TTD measures how close the outlet water temperature is to the saturation temperature, and a higher TTD indicates poorer performance. The DCA measures how close the drain outlet temperature is to the inlet water temperature, and a higher DCA can cause damage. These variables are calculated and trended monthly to monitor heater performance and identify any issues.
The document discusses points related to sub critical and super critical boiler design, including boiler design parameters, chemical treatment systems, operation, feedwater systems, boiler control, and startup curves. It provides explanations of sub critical and super critical boiler technologies, comparing drum type sub critical boilers to drumless super critical boilers. Key differences in operation and response to load changes are highlighted.
boiler accessories, basics of economizer, types of economizer, air preheater, types of air preheater, reheater, basics of superheater, types of superheater.
The document provides instructions for various operations at a thermal power plant, including:
1) Charging the PRDS system and opening associated valves.
2) Opening valves in the cooling water system and starting the cooling water pump.
3) Heating the deaerator and establishing feedwater flow to the boiler by regulating valves.
4) Starting the boiler feed pumps and monitoring associated parameters.
5) Charging the main steam lines and monitoring drum level and flue gas temperatures.
6) Building condenser vacuum by opening air vents and valves, starting the ejectors, and admitting gland sealing steam.
This document discusses energy auditing of boilers. It describes the requirements of an efficient boiler and outlines two methods for evaluating boiler efficiency: the direct method which compares energy input and output, and the indirect method which accounts for losses. Key measurements are outlined for both methods. Factors affecting boiler performance are also summarized such as cleaning, water treatment, and fuel quality.
Boiler Efficiency Improvement through Analysis of Lossesijsrd.com
Thermal is the main source for power generation in India. The percentage of thermal power generation as compare to other sources is 65 %. The main objective of thermal power plant is to fulfill the energy demands of the market and to achieve these demands; plant requires technical availability with the parts reliability and maintenance strategy. This paper deals with the determination of current operating efficiency of Boiler and calculates major losses for Vindhyachal Super thermal power plant (India) of 210 MW units. Then identify the causes of performance degradation. Also find the major causes of heat losses by Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) and recommends its appropriate strategy to reduce major losses. The aim of performance monitoring is continuous evaluation of degradation i.e. decrease in performance of the steam boiler. These data enable additional information which is helpful in problem identification, improvement of boiler performance and making economic decisions about maintenance schedule.
The document discusses two recipe card designs created by Jess & Callum. It summarizes the key strengths and weaknesses of the designs. One strength is that the bright colors and bold fonts would appeal to their target demographic. However, a weakness is that there seems to be too much information crammed into one page, which could confuse readers. The second part discusses the author's preferred design of the two they created. They used wooden textures and chains to depict a Texas Mexican burrito. Ingredients and methods are clearly listed in a separate font for separation. While the design mostly works, the author notes some areas for improvement like better filling the information boxes.
http://mindpersuasion.com/
Creating anything requires action on your part. The best way to learn is to fail. If you want to make things happen quicker, fail more often. Learn More: http://mindpersuasion.com/income-stream-generator/
the presentation describes in details about the feed water and condensate heaters used in Thermal Power Stations or elsewhere. The performance parameters of the heaters are also described in details.
This document is a seminar report submitted by Mr. Ganesh Vasant Nirgude to the University of Pune on supercritical technology in power plants. It includes a certificate from the college confirming Mr. Nirgude presented the seminar. The report contains an introduction on the basic Rankine cycle and efficiency factors. It also discusses supercritical Rankine cycles, design aspects of supercritical boilers, material selection challenges, and advances in supercritical technology for the future in India.
Improve plant heat rate with feedwater heater controlHossam Zein
This document discusses improving thermal efficiency in power plants by optimizing feedwater heater performance and control. It contains the following key points:
1. Small deviations in heat rate can have large impacts on annual fuel costs, so precise control of feedwater heater levels is important for efficiency. Poor level control leads to heat losses.
2. Feedwater heaters use extraction steam to preheat feedwater and improve boiler efficiency. Accurate level control ensures optimal heat transfer. Instrument errors can degrade performance.
3. Two case studies show how unreliable level controls increased annual fuel costs by $243,000 in one plant and led to excessive heater bypasses in another. Updating controls provided paybacks of 1
This document discusses the calculation of heat rate and turbine cylinder efficiency for a 210 MW KWU turbine cycle. It describes the enthalpy method used to calculate heat rate, which involves measuring steam and flow parameters at various points and using steam tables to determine enthalpy values. The calculation is done in four parts: measurements, enthalpy calculations, determining hot reheat flow, and the final heat rate calculation. Turbine cylinder efficiency is also calculated using enthalpy drop methods by determining actual and theoretical enthalpy changes across the high pressure turbine. Standard methods and typical heat rates for different capacity turbines are also listed.
This document describes the thermal power cycle of a steam turbine power plant. It includes diagrams of the boiler, turbines, condenser and other components. It discusses the efficiencies of the boiler (86.5%), high pressure turbine (81.11%), intermediate pressure turbine (89.83%) and low pressure turbine (85%). It states that the overall steam cycle efficiency is 40%, with 60% of heat being removed by the condenser. Losses at each stage are also outlined.
Waste heat recovery involves capturing heat from hot exhaust gases or streams and reusing it for other industrial processes. There are various types of equipment for waste heat recovery including recuperators, regenerators, heat wheels, heat pipes, economizers, plate heat exchangers, run around coil exchangers, waste heat boilers, and heat pumps. The quality and quantity of recoverable waste heat depends on factors like temperature, flow rate, and temperature difference. Recovering waste heat can provide significant fuel savings and monetary benefits through reduced energy costs.
An air preheater is a heat exchanger that heats incoming combustion air by transferring heat from the flue gases before they are exhausted to the atmosphere. This improves boiler efficiency. There are two main types: recuperative, which uses stationary heat transfer surfaces, and regenerative, which uses rotating heat transfer surfaces. Proper operation and maintenance is important to minimize issues like air leakage, erosion, corrosion, plugging, and fouling that can reduce the air preheater's effectiveness over time. Regular inspection and cleaning helps maintain high performance.
This document lists various boiler and turbine emergencies and provides instructions on actions to take in response to each emergency. It covers issues like low or high drum levels, fan trips, temperature deviations, pressure changes, pump trips, fires and more. The instructions emphasize safeguarding equipment, investigating causes, monitoring key parameters and load reductions as needed.
Types of air preheaters and its advantagesPreeti Agarwal
A very basic word to word meaning is a device used to heat the air before further use is called as Air Preheater. They are also recognized as air heaters or air-heating pipe. It is designed to exchange heat energy with desuperheaters. Desuperheater is a Device which is been used to reduce the temperature of the steam in a high heat generation plants where large amount of heat energy or steam is released in the atmosphere.
Improving boiler efficiency by using air preheaterNetha Jashuva
Abstract: Air pre-heater is a heat transfer surface in which air temperature is raised by transferring heat from other media such as flue gas .Hot air is necessary for rapid combustion in the furnace and also for drying coal in milling plants. So an essential boiler accessory which serves this purpose is air pre-heater. The air pre-heater are not essential for operation of steam generator, but they are used where a study of cost indicates that money can be saved or efficient combustion can be obtained by their use. The decision for its adoption can be made when the financial advantages is weighed against the capital cost of heater in the present paper we have taken up the operation and performance analysis of LJUNGSTROM AIRPREHEATER27VITM 1900 of 2x210 MW capacity Rayalaseema Thermal Power Plant, Kalamala and compare with Rothemuhle air pre-heater. In analysis of performance preventive measures for corrosion of heating elements has been studied, and also air heater leakage, corrected gas outlet temperature and finally gas efficiency has been calculated.
This document describes the methodology for conducting an energy audit of a turbine cycle. It discusses collecting data on steam and water cycle parameters, measuring turbine efficiency, identifying factors that affect heat rate, and evaluating the performance of feedwater heaters. The key steps involve collecting design specifications and operational data, measuring temperatures, pressures, flows, and outputs, calculating turbine efficiency using enthalpy methods, identifying reasons for deviations from design performance, and analyzing factors like steam conditions, condenser performance, heat exchanger fouling that affect the heat rate.
The Presentation describes the basics about the Efficiency and performance of a steam based power plant. It also describes how the heat rate of the power plant is important from the point of view of fuel savings.
Supercritical power plants operate at higher temperatures and pressures than traditional subcritical coal plants, resulting in higher efficiencies of up to 46% and lower emissions. Supercritical plants use once-through boiler/turbine systems that exceed temperatures of 1075°F, compared to 850°F for subcritical plants. Benefits include reduced fuel and emissions costs. Modern supercritical plants have efficiencies over 45% and use proven emissions controls to reduce nitrogen oxide, sulfur oxide, particulate, and mercury emissions.
This document discusses the performance calculation and monitoring of feedwater heaters in thermal power plants. There are three key variables used to monitor feedwater heater efficiency: terminal temperature difference (TTD), drain cooler approach (DCA), and feedwater temperature rise (TR). The TTD measures how close the outlet water temperature is to the saturation temperature, and a higher TTD indicates poorer performance. The DCA measures how close the drain outlet temperature is to the inlet water temperature, and a higher DCA can cause damage. These variables are calculated and trended monthly to monitor heater performance and identify any issues.
The document discusses points related to sub critical and super critical boiler design, including boiler design parameters, chemical treatment systems, operation, feedwater systems, boiler control, and startup curves. It provides explanations of sub critical and super critical boiler technologies, comparing drum type sub critical boilers to drumless super critical boilers. Key differences in operation and response to load changes are highlighted.
boiler accessories, basics of economizer, types of economizer, air preheater, types of air preheater, reheater, basics of superheater, types of superheater.
The document provides instructions for various operations at a thermal power plant, including:
1) Charging the PRDS system and opening associated valves.
2) Opening valves in the cooling water system and starting the cooling water pump.
3) Heating the deaerator and establishing feedwater flow to the boiler by regulating valves.
4) Starting the boiler feed pumps and monitoring associated parameters.
5) Charging the main steam lines and monitoring drum level and flue gas temperatures.
6) Building condenser vacuum by opening air vents and valves, starting the ejectors, and admitting gland sealing steam.
This document discusses energy auditing of boilers. It describes the requirements of an efficient boiler and outlines two methods for evaluating boiler efficiency: the direct method which compares energy input and output, and the indirect method which accounts for losses. Key measurements are outlined for both methods. Factors affecting boiler performance are also summarized such as cleaning, water treatment, and fuel quality.
Boiler Efficiency Improvement through Analysis of Lossesijsrd.com
Thermal is the main source for power generation in India. The percentage of thermal power generation as compare to other sources is 65 %. The main objective of thermal power plant is to fulfill the energy demands of the market and to achieve these demands; plant requires technical availability with the parts reliability and maintenance strategy. This paper deals with the determination of current operating efficiency of Boiler and calculates major losses for Vindhyachal Super thermal power plant (India) of 210 MW units. Then identify the causes of performance degradation. Also find the major causes of heat losses by Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) and recommends its appropriate strategy to reduce major losses. The aim of performance monitoring is continuous evaluation of degradation i.e. decrease in performance of the steam boiler. These data enable additional information which is helpful in problem identification, improvement of boiler performance and making economic decisions about maintenance schedule.
The document discusses two recipe card designs created by Jess & Callum. It summarizes the key strengths and weaknesses of the designs. One strength is that the bright colors and bold fonts would appeal to their target demographic. However, a weakness is that there seems to be too much information crammed into one page, which could confuse readers. The second part discusses the author's preferred design of the two they created. They used wooden textures and chains to depict a Texas Mexican burrito. Ingredients and methods are clearly listed in a separate font for separation. While the design mostly works, the author notes some areas for improvement like better filling the information boxes.
http://mindpersuasion.com/
Creating anything requires action on your part. The best way to learn is to fail. If you want to make things happen quicker, fail more often. Learn More: http://mindpersuasion.com/income-stream-generator/
http://mindpersuasion.com/
If you want to maximize your life, you need to have both a worthy destination, and the freedom to explore along the way. Learn More: http://mindpersuasion.com/tools/
http://mindpersuasion.com/
The reason people quit is they have too much motivation, and not enough momentum. If you want to keep going, no matter what, focus on building momentum rather than motivation. Learn More: http://mindpersuasion.com/tools/
Eric Peng, a US astronomer, was offered a faculty position in 2007 at Peking University in Beijing after a brief conversation. China is attracting many foreign researchers with generous research funding and opportunities. The government has plans to increase research funding to 2.5% of GDP by 2020. Initiatives like the 1000 Talents Plan have been successful in recruiting international scientists. While challenges remain, such as bureaucracy and censorship, many foreign researchers are able to gain autonomy and pursue their own research goals and projects in China.
This document summarizes information about the Bratislava Logistics Park located in Slovakia. It includes four phases providing a total of 151,000 square meters of warehouse space. Phase I and II were completed in 2008 and provided 68,000 square meters across two halls. Phases III and IV will add 83,000 more square meters across two additional halls between 2011-2015. The park is situated near major highways with close proximity to several cities, providing logistics solutions for companies operating in Slovakia and Central Europe.
1) The document discusses the branding strategy for an indie rock band called The Silent Film.
2) Key elements of the branding include using a black and white aesthetic across the album cover, website, digital packaging, and music video to create a consistent look that matches the rebellious image of the band.
3) Stereotypes of the indie rock genre were followed with the members portrayed in a rugged, uncaring manner through their clothing, poses, and facial expressions.
Shri Ajay Chandrakar serves as the Parliamentary Affairs Minister of Chhattisgarh. He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. As Parliamentary Affairs Minister, he oversees the day-to-day working of the parliamentary system and organizes consultative committee meetings with members of Parliament. He also holds the position of Rural Development Minister, Public Health, Family Welfare and Medical Education Minister. Additionally, he organizes youth parliamentary competitions in schools and colleges across the state in his role.
Un estudiante le escribe una carta a su maestra Mirta agradeciéndole por todo su apoyo y paciencia durante el tiempo que ha pasado en la escuela. El estudiante aprecia a Mirta y a todo el personal por hacerlo sentir como un miembro más del grupo a pesar de las dificultades. Les desea a todos un feliz día.
Jason R. Williamson is a Zone Retail Marketing Manager for Subaru of America's Atlanta Zone. He has over 15 years of experience in marketing and sales roles within Subaru, including positions as a Regional Product Training Manager, Zone Dealer Training Manager, and multiple District Sales Manager roles. He holds a Bachelor's degree in Business Administration from Auburn University and volunteers with several animal welfare organizations.
El documento presenta una ficha de estudio para un estudiante sobre los animales. La ficha incluye instrucciones para que el estudiante coloree y clasifique dibujos de animales según sus características como pelaje, plumas, patas, hábitat y tipo de alimento, y para que ordene y una los dibujos correspondientes.
An economiser is a device that increases the temperature of feed water using waste heat from flue gases leaving the boiler. It consists of vertical cast iron or steel pipes through which feed water flows and is heated by hot flue gases passing over the pipes. This preheats the feed water, reducing fuel consumption and increasing boiler efficiency. However, economisers also cause a pressure drop in flue gases. An air preheater similarly uses waste heat to preheat combustion air entering the furnace, improving combustion and efficiency but requiring forced draught.
The document discusses rotary regenerative air preheaters used in power plant boilers. It describes the components, construction, operation, maintenance checks, and safety devices of these air preheaters. The key points are:
1) Rotary regenerative air preheaters recover waste heat from boiler flue gases to preheat combustion air, improving boiler efficiency. They contain a rotating matrix that alternately passes through gas and air passages to transfer heat.
2) Components include a rotor, bearings, housing, connecting plates, seals, and a drive unit. Safety devices detect fires and overheating using thermocouples or infrared sensors.
3) Regular maintenance checks include inspecting oil levels,
IRJET- Optimization and CFD Analysis on Profile Elements of Regenerative Rota...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the optimization and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of different profile elements in a regenerative rotary air preheater. It begins with an introduction to rotary air preheaters and describes the various profile types used as heat transfer elements. Experimental measurements from a coal-fired power plant are presented. CFD models of five profile elements are analyzed to determine their outlet air and flue gas temperatures. The results show that the advanced clear element profile provides the best performance with higher air outlet temperature and lower flue gas outlet temperature compared to other profiles.
This document summarizes the key components and operation of a gas turbine located at the Panipat Refinery. It includes 5 gas turbines made by BHEL/GE that are MS 6000 single shaft design units with a base load capacity of 30.77 MW each. The major components discussed include the compressor, combustors, turbine section, casings, bearings, and cooling/sealing systems. It also provides details on the basic principles of how a gas turbine works by continuously drawing in air, compressing it, adding fuel to increase its energy, directing the high pressure gas to expand through a turbine, and exhausting the low pressure gas.
IRJET-Numerical Investigation on Performance of VCR System using Shell and Tu...IRJET Journal
This document discusses numerically investigating the performance of a vapor compression refrigeration (VCR) system using different types of heat exchangers. It aims to replace an existing double pipe heat exchanger (DPHE) with a shell and tube heat exchanger (STHE) to improve efficiency. CFD analysis is conducted on both heat exchangers to compare their coefficient of performance (COP). The DPHE currently used has low efficiency, so a STHE is proposed as it has higher efficiency and requires less area. Helical baffles within the STHE may provide further improvements.
Thermal Analysis and Optimization of a regenerator in a Solar Stirling engineRohith Jayaram
This document analyzes and optimizes the regenerator of a solar Stirling engine. It aims to minimize various losses in the regenerator that reduce engine efficiency. These losses include fluid friction, reheat, conduction through the matrix, temperature swing, and shuttle conduction. The document models heat transfer and fluid flow through the regenerator. It calculates expressions for each loss type based on regenerator geometry, material properties, and operating parameters. The objective is to determine optimal values for properties like wire diameter, porosity, and material to maximize heat transfer while minimizing losses and pressure drop through the regenerator matrix.
IRJET- CFD Analysis and Optimization of Heat Transfer Basket Element Profiles...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses CFD analysis and optimization of heat transfer basket element profiles in a Ljungstrom Air Preheater.
2) The analysis found that the Notched Corrugated profile provided lower flue gas outlet temperatures and higher air outlet temperatures compared to other profiles, improving heat transfer efficiency.
3) Temperature contour results from the CFD analysis showed how temperatures are distributed from the hot flue gases to the cold inlet air within the different element profiles.
Combined Air Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Water Dispenser SystemsIRJET Journal
This document describes a combined air refrigeration, air conditioning, and water dispenser system. The system uses a common compressor and condenser to provide refrigeration, cooling, and chilled water from a single unit. This aims to provide these functions more compactly and with lower electrical consumption than separate units. The system works by using a refrigerant to absorb heat in low-temperature areas (evaporators) and reject it to a condenser. A back pressure valve and diffuser valve help control refrigerant flow between the different evaporator sections. Performance is analyzed using Cool Pack software to optimize design and operation factors like space, cost, and efficiency.
Analysis of turbocharger performance for jet assisted vertical takeoff and la...Ijrdt Journal
This paper gives a brief analysis on the performance parameters of a Turbocharger, by fabricating a separate combustion chamber and mocking the working of a jet engine. Parameters such as variation of specific heat, dimensionless flow parameters, variation of turbulence, conductivity, thrust developed etc are studied using simulation of the model, and compared with the actual working of the prototype. It can be conveniently proposed from the experiment that turbocharger can be used effectively for developing vertical take-off assist.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Thermal analysis of cooling effect on gas turbine bladeeSAT Journals
This document analyzes the film cooling technique used to cool gas turbine blades where temperatures exceed 1122 K. It finds that the thermal efficiency of a cooled gas turbine is slightly lower than an uncooled one due to the decreased turbine inlet temperature from cooling. However, cooling is necessary to increase blade life as temperatures rise above 1123K. The document also examines how increasing the overall pressure ratio further decreases the net power output of cooled gas turbines.
Study and Design of Engine Cooling System with Distilled Water as a Coolant f...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on designing an engine cooling system with distilled water as coolant for a Formula Student race car. It discusses the components and working of automotive radiators, objectives of the cooling system design, material selection considerations, and key design parameters. The study determines the mass flow rate of air through the radiator will be 2.807 kg/sec and the radiator effectiveness is 0.40 based on given specifications of the Formula Student engine and car. References on automotive radiator performance and analysis are also provided.
This document summarizes the design of an air conditioning system for cooling the cabin of a truck using an air refrigeration cycle. The system uses a turbocharger and waste exhaust gases from the truck engine. Atmospheric air is compressed using the turbocharger and sent to an intercooler to reduce its temperature. It is then expanded in a turbo-expander to further lower its temperature before being supplied to the truck cabin. Thermodynamic and heat transfer analyses are presented to evaluate the performance of the system components and the cooling capacity. The results show that the air refrigeration cycle can provide enough cooling to lower the truck cabin temperature by 10-15°C without significantly impacting engine performance.
This document summarizes the development of a small 50W class Stirling engine. Key points include:
- A gamma type Stirling engine was designed with a simple moving-tube heat exchanger and Rhombic mechanism. The target was 50W output at 4000rpm.
- Performance tests without load used air and showed the engine could run. Higher heat exchanger performance and lower mechanical losses are needed to reach targets.
- Mechanical loss measurements under pressure found friction torque increased linearly with speed. The viscosity coefficient was determined to be 2.03×10-4 (Nms).
IRJET- Performance Analysis of Automobile RadiatorIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the performance of an automobile radiator at different air velocities. It begins with background on radiator design and operation. Assumptions are made to simplify the heat transfer analysis. Calculations are shown to determine the Nusselt number, heat transfer coefficient, fin efficiency, and overall heat transfer coefficient at varying air velocities and Reynolds numbers. Graphs illustrate trends such as Nusselt number and heat transfer coefficient increasing with Reynolds number. The analysis concludes that the radiator dimensions are suitable and cooling remains effective even at higher vehicle speeds, though fin efficiency decreases slightly with increasing Reynolds number.
This document discusses various types of equipment that can be used to recover waste heat, including recuperators, regenerators, heat wheels, heat pipes, economizers, shell and tube heat exchangers, plate heat exchangers, and run around coil exchangers. It provides details on the design and operation of each type of equipment and examples of common industrial applications where they are used, such as recovering heat from boiler flue gases, furnaces, dryers, and other processes to improve energy efficiency.
Experimental Investigation on Heat Transfer of Cylindrical Oblique Fin Micro-...IRJET Journal
This document describes an experimental investigation into the heat transfer performance of cylindrical oblique fin micro-channel heat exchangers for automotive engine cooling systems. The study compares a straight fin micro-channel heat exchanger to one with 12 degree oblique fins. Experiments were conducted on a test rig to determine the heat transfer coefficient, effectiveness, and pressure drop of the two designs under various air and water flow rates. The results showed that the oblique fin micro-channel heat exchanger achieved higher heat transfer efficiency and a smaller size than the straight fin design, demonstrating its potential to improve engine cooling system performance and reduce radiator size in automobiles.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
The document discusses closed cycle gas power plants. It begins with an introduction that defines closed cycle systems as those where a working gas like air is compressed, heated, expanded through a turbine to produce power, cooled, and recycled through the system. It then discusses the main components of closed cycle plants including compressors, combustion chambers, turbines, generators, and intercoolers. The working principle involves isentropic compression, constant pressure heating, isentropic expansion in the turbine, and constant pressure cooling. Key improvements discussed include higher operating temperatures through improved materials and cooling, and cycle modifications like regeneration to increase efficiency. Advantages are high efficiency while disadvantages include greater complexity versus open cycle plants.
IRJET- Performance Analysis of IC Engine with Introduction of HTC MaterialIRJET Journal
This document discusses coating engine components with highly thermal conducting (HTC) materials to improve heat transfer and reduce operating temperatures. It analyzes coating the exhaust valve, inlet valve, cylinder head, and valve seats with sintered copper. Thermal analysis using FEM software shows coating can reduce maximum temperatures from 451°C to 373°C on the valve and 435°C on the valve seat. This allows engines to operate at higher RPMs within safe temperature ranges and reduces harmful emissions produced at high temperatures. The document concludes coating high heat areas improves heat transfer and dissipation, enhancing engine performance and efficiency.
A Survey On Heat Transfer Of Air Cooled Internal Combustion Engine Various Fi...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses heat transfer in air-cooled internal combustion engines. It focuses on improving heat transfer rates through the cooling fins on cylinder blocks.
2) Various fin geometries and materials have been studied through experiments and computational fluid dynamics simulations. Triangular, elliptical, and perforated fins have shown improvements over traditional rectangular fins.
3) Key factors that affect heat transfer include fin geometry, number of fins, fin pitch, material properties, ambient conditions, and airflow velocity. Optimizing these parameters can enhance an engine's cooling ability while reducing overall weight.
Similar to PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF AIR PREHEATER IN THERMAL POWER PLANT (20)
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Generative AI Use cases applications solutions and implementation.pdfmahaffeycheryld
Generative AI solutions encompass a range of capabilities from content creation to complex problem-solving across industries. Implementing generative AI involves identifying specific business needs, developing tailored AI models using techniques like GANs and VAEs, and integrating these models into existing workflows. Data quality and continuous model refinement are crucial for effective implementation. Businesses must also consider ethical implications and ensure transparency in AI decision-making. Generative AI's implementation aims to enhance efficiency, creativity, and innovation by leveraging autonomous generation and sophisticated learning algorithms to meet diverse business challenges.
https://www.leewayhertz.com/generative-ai-use-cases-and-applications/
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Discover the latest insights on Data Driven Maintenance with our comprehensive webinar presentation. Learn about traditional maintenance challenges, the right approach to utilizing data, and the benefits of adopting a Data Driven Maintenance strategy. Explore real-world examples, industry best practices, and innovative solutions like FMECA and the D3M model. This presentation, led by expert Jules Oudmans, is essential for asset owners looking to optimize their maintenance processes and leverage digital technologies for improved efficiency and performance. Download now to stay ahead in the evolving maintenance landscape.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...bijceesjournal
Using data from 41 years in Patna’ India’ the study’s goal is to analyze the trends of how often it rains on a weekly, seasonal, and annual basis (1981−2020). First, utilizing the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve and the relationship by statistically analyzing rainfall’ the historical rainfall data set for Patna’ India’ during a 41 year period (1981−2020), was evaluated for its quality. Changes in the hydrologic cycle as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions are expected to induce variations in the intensity, length, and frequency of precipitation events. One strategy to lessen vulnerability is to quantify probable changes and adapt to them. Techniques such as log-normal, normal, and Gumbel are used (EV-I). Distributions were created with durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, and 24 h and return times of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 100 years. There were also mathematical correlations discovered between rainfall and recurrence interval.
Findings: Based on findings, the Gumbel approach produced the highest intensity values, whereas the other approaches produced values that were close to each other. The data indicates that 461.9 mm of rain fell during the monsoon season’s 301st week. However, it was found that the 29th week had the greatest average rainfall, 92.6 mm. With 952.6 mm on average, the monsoon season saw the highest rainfall. Calculations revealed that the yearly rainfall averaged 1171.1 mm. Using Weibull’s method, the study was subsequently expanded to examine rainfall distribution at different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Rainfall and recurrence interval mathematical correlations were also developed. Further regression analysis revealed that short wave irrigation, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, relative humidity, and temperature all had a substantial influence on rainfall.
Originality and value: The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information to policymakers in making appropriate decisions in managing and minimizing floods in the study area.
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Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
2. Proceedings of the 2nd
International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Management ICCTEM
made of common carbon steel. The metal weight of one air preheater is approximately 620 tons, including 465 tons for
the rotor assembly (about 75 percent of the total weight). The air preheater is tri
The model LAP 13494/2200 tri-sector rotary air preheater as shown in Fig
exchanger. Specially corrugated heating elements are tightly placed in the sector compartment of the rotor. The rotor
turns at a speed of 0.99 rpm and is divided into gas channels and air channels. The air side is mad
channels and secondary air channels. When gas flows through the rotor, it releases heat and delivers it to the heating
elements and then the gas temperature drops; when the heated elements turn to the air side, the air passing through them
is heated and its temperature is increased. By continuing maintaining such a circulation, the heat exchange is achieved
between gas and air.
Fig. 1: Trisector rotary air preheater and its important
2.1 Heating Elements
Heating elements are made of carbon steel sheets with special corrugations formed by pressing; the hot end
heating assemblies are profiled in accordance with shapes and sizes of individual sub
by alternately piling up notched undulation sheets with vertical undulations and inclined turbulent corrugations and
sheets only with the same inclined corrugations one by one as shown in Fig 2. All the assemblies of both hot and cold
end heating elements are fastened by welding flat b
International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Management ICCTEM
17 – 19, July 2014, Mysore, Karnataka, India
23
made of common carbon steel. The metal weight of one air preheater is approximately 620 tons, including 465 tons for
the rotor assembly (about 75 percent of the total weight). The air preheater is tri-sector type [10].
sector rotary air preheater as shown in Fig. 1 is a counter flow regenerative heat
exchanger. Specially corrugated heating elements are tightly placed in the sector compartment of the rotor. The rotor
turns at a speed of 0.99 rpm and is divided into gas channels and air channels. The air side is mad
channels and secondary air channels. When gas flows through the rotor, it releases heat and delivers it to the heating
elements and then the gas temperature drops; when the heated elements turn to the air side, the air passing through them
is heated and its temperature is increased. By continuing maintaining such a circulation, the heat exchange is achieved
Trisector rotary air preheater and its important parts [10]
Heating elements are made of carbon steel sheets with special corrugations formed by pressing; the hot end
heating assemblies are profiled in accordance with shapes and sizes of individual sub-modules. Each assembly is formed
ed undulation sheets with vertical undulations and inclined turbulent corrugations and
sheets only with the same inclined corrugations one by one as shown in Fig 2. All the assemblies of both hot and cold
end heating elements are fastened by welding flat bars and angle steels together [3].
International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Management ICCTEM -2014
19, July 2014, Mysore, Karnataka, India
made of common carbon steel. The metal weight of one air preheater is approximately 620 tons, including 465 tons for
1 is a counter flow regenerative heat
exchanger. Specially corrugated heating elements are tightly placed in the sector compartment of the rotor. The rotor
turns at a speed of 0.99 rpm and is divided into gas channels and air channels. The air side is made of primary air
channels and secondary air channels. When gas flows through the rotor, it releases heat and delivers it to the heating
elements and then the gas temperature drops; when the heated elements turn to the air side, the air passing through them
is heated and its temperature is increased. By continuing maintaining such a circulation, the heat exchange is achieved
Heating elements are made of carbon steel sheets with special corrugations formed by pressing; the hot end
modules. Each assembly is formed
ed undulation sheets with vertical undulations and inclined turbulent corrugations and
sheets only with the same inclined corrugations one by one as shown in Fig 2. All the assemblies of both hot and cold
3. Proceedings of the 2nd
International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Management ICCTEM
2.2 Sealing System
Usually air leaks in to the gas in the air preheater due to pressure differences. This leakage air decreases the
flue gas temperature without extracting the heat.
requirement that the rotating parts should have some working clearance between the static parts to avoid any
interference between them. Here, in air preheaters, rotors are constructed to have high
thermal expansion and these gaps are close with the flexible seal leaves. Major types of seals used in power plant.
• Radial seals
• Axial seals
• Bypass seals
• Circumferential seals
The main purpose of these seals is to reduce the
the Air pre heater.[6]
3. EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP AND PROCEDURE
3.1 Principle of Operation
Air preheater performance test is conducted on rotary regenerative
air preheaters. Various performance indices like air preheater leakage, gas side efficiency, X
this test. A single carbon steel tube with portable gas analyzer and digital thermomete
evaluation.
3.2 Test Procedure
The Instruments used are: Gas analyzer, Digital thermometer, static probe.
3.2.1 Test Set Up – Operating Conditions of Test Runs
Test runs are conducted at an easily repeatable level at
number of mills in service and same total air levels as previous tests. The operating conditions for each test run are as
follows.
a. No furnace or air heater soot blowing is done during the test.
b. Unit operation is kept steady for at least 60 minutes prior to the test.
International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Management ICCTEM
17 – 19, July 2014, Mysore, Karnataka, India
24
Fig. 2: Heating Elements
Usually air leaks in to the gas in the air preheater due to pressure differences. This leakage air decreases the
flue gas temperature without extracting the heat. To reduce the air leakage seals are provided. It is an implied
requirement that the rotating parts should have some working clearance between the static parts to avoid any
interference between them. Here, in air preheaters, rotors are constructed to have higher clearance to take care of
thermal expansion and these gaps are close with the flexible seal leaves. Major types of seals used in power plant.
The main purpose of these seals is to reduce the leakage between the gas and air. Fig 3. Shows sealing system of
Fig. 3: Sealing System
UP AND PROCEDURE
Air preheater performance test is conducted on rotary regenerative air preheater to improve the efficiency of the
air preheaters. Various performance indices like air preheater leakage, gas side efficiency, X-ratio are determined using
this test. A single carbon steel tube with portable gas analyzer and digital thermometer is used for performance
Gas analyzer, Digital thermometer, static probe.
Operating Conditions of Test Runs
Test runs are conducted at an easily repeatable level at defined baseline conditions at full load with same
number of mills in service and same total air levels as previous tests. The operating conditions for each test run are as
No furnace or air heater soot blowing is done during the test.
ion is kept steady for at least 60 minutes prior to the test.
International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Management ICCTEM -2014
19, July 2014, Mysore, Karnataka, India
Usually air leaks in to the gas in the air preheater due to pressure differences. This leakage air decreases the
reduce the air leakage seals are provided. It is an implied
requirement that the rotating parts should have some working clearance between the static parts to avoid any
er clearance to take care of
thermal expansion and these gaps are close with the flexible seal leaves. Major types of seals used in power plant.
leakage between the gas and air. Fig 3. Shows sealing system of
air preheater to improve the efficiency of the
ratio are determined using
r is used for performance
defined baseline conditions at full load with same
number of mills in service and same total air levels as previous tests. The operating conditions for each test run are as
4. Proceedings of the 2nd
International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Management ICCTEM -2014
17 – 19, July 2014, Mysore, Karnataka, India
25
c. Steam coil Air heaters (SCAPH) steam supply is kept isolated and gas recirculation dampers if any, are tightly
shut.
d. No mill change over is done during the test.
The test run duration will be the time required to complete two traverses for temperature and gas analysis. Two
separate test crews should sample the gas inlet and outlet ducts simultaneously.
3.2.2 Traverse locations – Gas side
a. The gas inlet traverse plane should be located as close as possible to the air heater inlet. This is done to ensure
that any air ingress from the intervening duct/ expansion joints is not included in air heater performance
assessment.
b. The gas outlet traverse plane should be located at a suitable distance downstream the air heater to allow mixing
of the flow to reduce temperature and o2 stratification. However, it should not be located downstream of other
equipment or access ways that might contribute to air ingress.
3.2.3 Traverse locations – Airside
a. The air inlet traverse plane should be located after any air heating coils and as close as possible to the air heater
inlet. Since the entering air temperature is usually uniform, a single probe with 2 or 3 temperature measurement
points is adequate.
b. The air outlet traverse plane should be located at a suitable distance downstream the air heater to allow mixing
of the flow to reduce the gas stratification as shown in Fig 4.
Fig. 4: Traverse location- airside [10]
3.2.4 Ports and Probes
Typical test port and probe used for the test is shown in Fig 5.
Fig. 5: Ports and Probes [10]
5. Proceedings of the 2nd
International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Management ICCTEM -2014
17 – 19, July 2014, Mysore, Karnataka, India
26
Tubes numbered 1,2,& 3 are carbon steel 3/8” OD tubes and tube no. 4 is carbon steel 12-15 mm OD. Tubes
numbered 1, 2& 3 are for gas sampling while tube no. 4 is for carrying thermocouple wires for temperature measurement.
d is the flue gas duct width at the test cross-section.
3.2.5 Flue Gas Composition & Temperature
A representative value of flue gas composition (O2 / CO2/ CO) is obtained by grid sampling of the flue gas at
multiple points in a plane perpendicular to the flow at air heater inlet and outlet using a portable gas analyzer. Two
complete sets of data are collected for each traverse plane during each test run to ensure data repeatability.
A typical cross section of the flue gas duct with an 18- point grid is shown in Fig 6. Along with a typical probe.
Each dot indicates a sampling point for measurement of gas composition and temperature.
Fig. 6: Cross section of Flue gas duct [10]
Flue gas samples are drawn by a vacuum pump from the test grid probes and sent to a portable gas analyzer
through a gas conditioning system. Similarly, a representative value of temperature is obtained by grid measurement of
flue gas temperature at multiple points in a plane perpendicular to the flow at air heater inlet and outlet using multi point
probes.
A single tube probe with portable analyzer can also be used for traversing duct cross section. Marking / etching
is done on the sampling tube at d/6, d/2 & 5d/6, if d is the duct depth. The probe is inserted in each port & samples are
drawn at different depths as per markings. Temperatures of flue gas are also measured at the same locations using a
similar single tube temperature probe.
Fig. 7: Gas Analyzer
Fig 7 shows typical gas analyzer used in the test to measure oxygen percentage in the flue gas. After completing
the testing of all the ports of a air preheater, calculations can be done as per the following formulae.
Air leakage
)21(
100*9.0*)(
2
22
glO
geOglO
−
−
= (1)
Tgnl Tgl
TaeTglAL
+
−
=
100
)(*
(2)
Gas side Efficiency GSE = (Temp drop/ Temp head)*100
100*
)(
)(
TaeTge
TgnlTge
GSE
−
−
= (3)
insga
air
W
outW
ratioX =−
6. Proceedings of the 2nd
International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Management ICCTEM -2014
17 – 19, July 2014, Mysore, Karnataka, India
27
inToutT
TgnlT
ratioX
airgas
ga
−
−
=−
ins
(4)
Weighted air inlet temperature
=
ሺ܋܍ܛ ܚܑ܉ ܋܍ܛכܟܗܔ ܚܑ܉ ܑܜ܍ܔܖ ܘܕ܍ܜሻାሺܡܚ܉ܕܑܚܘ ܚܑ܉ ܡܚ܍ܕܑܚܘכܟܗܔ ܚܑ܉ ܑܜ܍ܔܖ ܘܕ܍ܜሻ
ܔ܉ܜܗ܂ ܚܑ܉ ܟܗܔ
(5)
Weighted air outlet temperature
=
ሺ܋܍ܛ ܚܑ܉ ܋܍ܛכܟܗܔ ܚܑ܉ ܜ܍ܔܜܝܗ ܘܕ܍ܜሻାሺܡܚ܉ܕܑܚܘ ܚܑ܉ ܡܚ܉ܕܑܚܘכܟܗܔ ܚܑ܉ ܜ܍ܔܜܝܗ ܘܕ܍ܜሻ
ܔ܉ܜܗ܂ ܚܑ܉ ܟܗܔ
(6)
Total air flow= primary air flow + secondary airflow
(7)
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The experiments were conducted on a Ljungstrom air preheater. After determining the performance indices like
air leakage, GSE, X-ratio, using data from Table 1, radial Sector plate clearance is adjusted manually to improve the
efficiency of air preheater.
The following parameters are obtained using gas analyzers and digital thermocouple before adjusting the sector
plate.
Table 1: Parameters before adjusting sector plate clearance
Parameters Values
Avg. Flue Gas Temp - APH In 331.33°C
Avg. Flue Gas Temp - APH out 136.03°C
Avg. Flue Gas O2 - APH Inlet 4.61 %
Avg. Flue Gas O2 - APH outlet 6.61 %
Avg. Primary Air to APH Temp In 39.83°C
Avg. Primary Air from APH Temp Out 289.62°C
Avg. Secondary Air to APH Temp In 32.94°C
Avg. Secondary Air to APH Temp out 298.47°C
Total Secondary Air Flow 1583.9ton/hr
Total Primary Air Flow 504.11ton/hr
Air Leakage
)61.621(
100*9.0*)61.461.6(
−
−
=
AL = 12.5%
Total air flow = primary air flow + secondary airflow
= 504.11+1583.9
= 2088.01 ton/hr
Weighted air inlet temperature
)01.2088(
)83.39*11.504()94.32*9.1583( +
=
Tae= Tair in = 34.64°C
7. Proceedings of the 2nd
International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Management ICCTEM
Weighted air outlet temperature
01.2088(
504()47.298*9.1583( +
=
Tair out= 296.33°C
Tgnl 136
)100(
)64.3403.136(5.12
+
−+
=
Tgnl = 148.72°C
Gas side Efficiency GSE
343.331(
14833.331(
−
−
=
GSE = 61.54%
X-ratio
3433.296(
14833.331(
−
−
=
X-ratio = 0.69
After finding performance indices, radial sector plate clearance is again adjusted manually
and Table 3 shows sector plate clearance values adjusted in different direction.
Table 2: Sector plate
Clearance (APH A side)
Reading
point
Distance between
and radial seal
Hot end Cold End
A 2.7
B 2.0
C 2.4
D 2.2
E 2.3
F 2.2
G 6.4
H 6.7
I 5.8
J 5.5
K 5.6
L 5.0
International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Management ICCTEM
17 – 19, July 2014, Mysore, Karnataka, India
28
)01
)62.289*11.504
03.136
100*
)64.34
)72.148
100*
)64.34
)72.148
After finding performance indices, radial sector plate clearance is again adjusted manually at cold state.
and Table 3 shows sector plate clearance values adjusted in different direction.
Sector plate Table 3: Sector plate
(APH A side) Clearance (APH B side)
Distance between sector plate
and radial seal
Cold End
1.6
1.7
1.5
1.5
1.7
1.9
30.0
30.0
29.8
30.2
31.1
30.7
Reading
point
Distance between sector
plate and radial seal
Hot end
A 6.3
B 6.4
C 6.0
D 5.6
E 7.0
F 7.0
G 12.0
H 11.6
I 12.0
J 11.5
K 12.0
L 12.0
International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Management ICCTEM -2014
19, July 2014, Mysore, Karnataka, India
at cold state. Table 2
earance (APH B side)
Distance between sector
plate and radial seal
Cold End
1.6
1.7
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.4
30.7
30.6
30.0
30.0
30.5
30.7
8. Proceedings of the 2nd
International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Management ICCTEM
The following parameters are obtained using gas analyzers and digital
Table 4: Parameters after adjusting sector plate Clearance
Avg. Flue Gas Temp
Avg. Flue Gas Temp
Avg. Flue Gas O2
Avg. Flue Gas O2
Avg. Primary Air to APH Temp In
Avg. Primary Air from APH Temp Out
Avg. Secondary Air to APH Temp In
Avg. Secondary Air to APH Temp out
Total Secondary Air Flow
Total Primary Air Flow
After adjusting the sector plate clearance another set of data were collected as shown in Table 4. Using these
parameter again air leakage, efficiency and x
different results were obtained. And it is observed that air leakage decreased and efficiency increased gradually. By
adjusting the sector plate clearance optimized results were obtained. Using the parameters from Table 4 optimized results
were obtained.
4.1 Performance characteristics
4.1.1 Air leakage
The variation of Air leakage with various sector plate clearance adjustments is as shown in the following graph.
Fig 8 shows variation of air leakage for different trials. It s observed that
leakage is the indicator of the condition of the air preheater seals. After adjusting the radial seal sector plate clearance
air leakage decreased.
Fig. 8: Air leakage for different trails of sector plate clearance adjustments
4.1.2 Gas side efficiency
Fig 9 shows variation of gas side efficiency for different trials. It is observed that gas side efficiency gradually
increased as the area between air to the gas side between the rotor and the air preheater housing decreases.
Fig. 9: Gas side efficiency for different trails of sector plate clearance adjustments
4.1.3 X-ratio
Fig 10 shows X-ratio for different trials. It is observed that
plate is adjusted. It indicates maximun heat is recovred in the air pre heater.
0
5
10
15
Airleakage
60
62
64
66
Gassideefficiency
International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Management ICCTEM
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29
The following parameters are obtained using gas analyzers and digital thermocouple after adjusting the sector plate.
Parameters after adjusting sector plate Clearance
Parameters Values
Avg. Flue Gas Temp - APH In 336°C
Avg. Flue Gas Temp - APH out 135.79°C
Avg. Flue Gas O2 - APH Inlet 4.19 %
Avg. Flue Gas O2 - APH outlet 5.4 %
Avg. Primary Air to APH Temp In 38.50°C
Avg. Primary Air from APH Temp Out 287.27°C
Avg. Secondary Air to APH Temp In 33.66°C
Avg. Secondary Air to APH Temp out 300.03°C
Total Secondary Air Flow 1593.03ton/hr
Total Primary Air Flow 508.5ton/hr
After adjusting the sector plate clearance another set of data were collected as shown in Table 4. Using these
parameter again air leakage, efficiency and x-ratio are calculated. Similarly for different set of clearance adjustment
different results were obtained. And it is observed that air leakage decreased and efficiency increased gradually. By
adjusting the sector plate clearance optimized results were obtained. Using the parameters from Table 4 optimized results
The variation of Air leakage with various sector plate clearance adjustments is as shown in the following graph.
Fig 8 shows variation of air leakage for different trials. It s observed that air leakage gradually decreased. Air
leakage is the indicator of the condition of the air preheater seals. After adjusting the radial seal sector plate clearance
Air leakage for different trails of sector plate clearance adjustments
Fig 9 shows variation of gas side efficiency for different trials. It is observed that gas side efficiency gradually
to the gas side between the rotor and the air preheater housing decreases.
Gas side efficiency for different trails of sector plate clearance adjustments
ratio for different trials. It is observed that X-ratio incresed as hot end and cold end radial sector
plate is adjusted. It indicates maximun heat is recovred in the air pre heater.
1 2 3
Trial No.
1 2 3
Trial No.
International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Management ICCTEM -2014
19, July 2014, Mysore, Karnataka, India
thermocouple after adjusting the sector plate.
After adjusting the sector plate clearance another set of data were collected as shown in Table 4. Using these
ratio are calculated. Similarly for different set of clearance adjustment
different results were obtained. And it is observed that air leakage decreased and efficiency increased gradually. By
adjusting the sector plate clearance optimized results were obtained. Using the parameters from Table 4 optimized results
The variation of Air leakage with various sector plate clearance adjustments is as shown in the following graph.
air leakage gradually decreased. Air
leakage is the indicator of the condition of the air preheater seals. After adjusting the radial seal sector plate clearance the
Fig 9 shows variation of gas side efficiency for different trials. It is observed that gas side efficiency gradually
to the gas side between the rotor and the air preheater housing decreases.
Gas side efficiency for different trails of sector plate clearance adjustments
ratio incresed as hot end and cold end radial sector
9. Proceedings of the 2nd
International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Management ICCTEM
Fig. 10: X-ratio for different trails of sector plate clearance adjustments
5. CONCLUSION
By reducing the area available for leakage from the air to the gas side between the rotor and the air preheater
housing by adjusting the radial sector plate reduces the air leakage and max efficiency can be obtained. And increase in x
ratio indicates maximum heat recovery in the Air preheater.
6. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank LANCO
for the technical support of this work.
7. NOMENCLATURE
AL = air heater leakage
O2 ge = percent O2 in gas entering air heater
O2 gl = percent O2 in gas leaving air heater
Tgnl = gas outlet temperature corrected for no
Tae = Temperature of air entering air heater
Tgl = Temperature of gas leaving air heater
LAP = Ljungström Air Preheater
GSE = Gas side efficiency
8. REFERENCES
Journal Papers
[1]. Mr. Vishwanath .H. H, Dr. Thammaiah Gowda , Mr. Ravi S.D “
Preheater” International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology
July 2013,
[2]. Bostjan Drobnic, Janez Oman. ― “A Numerical Model
Rotary Air Preheater”, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer
[3]. Staseik J.A., “Experimental studies of heat transfer and fluid flow across undulated heat exchanger surfaces”,
J. Heat Transfer. Vol. 41 Nos. 6-7,pp. 899
[4]. Larsen F. W., “Rapid Calculation of Temperature in a Regenerative Heat Exchanger Having Arbitrary Initial
Solid and Entering Fluid Temperatures
[5]. Wang .H,” Analysis on Thermal Stress Deformation of
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[6]. T.Skiepko, “Effect Of Reduction In Seal Clearances On Leakages In A Rotary Heat Exchanger
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[7]. Donald Q.Kern, “Process Heat Transfer
[8]. Stephen.Storm, john, Guffre, Andrea Zucchelli ”
Performance And Reliability” POWERGEN Europe 7
[9]. Sandira Alagic, Nikola Stocic,”Numerical Analysis
Pre-Heaters” Strojniški vestnik - Journal of Mechanical Engineering
Books
[10]. UPCL manuals & images.
0.66
0.68
0.7
0.72
0.74
X-Ratio
International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Management ICCTEM
17 – 19, July 2014, Mysore, Karnataka, India
30
ratio for different trails of sector plate clearance adjustments
the area available for leakage from the air to the gas side between the rotor and the air preheater
housing by adjusting the radial sector plate reduces the air leakage and max efficiency can be obtained. And increase in x
overy in the Air preheater.
The authors would like to thank LANCO-UPCL, Nagarjuna thermal power plant, Padubidri, Karnataka, India
in gas entering air heater
in gas leaving air heater
gas outlet temperature corrected for no leakage
Temperature of air entering air heater
air heater
Mr. Vishwanath .H. H, Dr. Thammaiah Gowda , Mr. Ravi S.D “Heat Transfer Analysis Of Recuperative Air
International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology
― “A Numerical Model for the Analyses of Heat Transfer
, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 49, pp .501–509, 2006.
Staseik J.A., “Experimental studies of heat transfer and fluid flow across undulated heat exchanger surfaces”,
7,pp. 899-914, 1998.
Rapid Calculation of Temperature in a Regenerative Heat Exchanger Having Arbitrary Initial
Solid and Entering Fluid Temperatures”, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer Vol.10, pp.149-168, 1967.
Analysis on Thermal Stress Deformation of Rotary Air-Preheater In a Thermal Power Plant
839 , 2009.
Effect Of Reduction In Seal Clearances On Leakages In A Rotary Heat Exchanger
559, 1989.
Process Heat Transfer”, Tata McGraw-Hill Publication, pp. 701, 2004.
Stephen.Storm, john, Guffre, Andrea Zucchelli ”Advancements With Regenerative Airheater Design,
POWERGEN Europe 7-9 June 2011.
Alagic, Nikola Stocic,”Numerical Analysis of Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow In Rotary Regenerative Air
Journal of Mechanical Engineering ,pp 411-417,2005
0.66
0.68
0.7
0.72
0.74
1 2 3
Trial No.
International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Management ICCTEM -2014
19, July 2014, Mysore, Karnataka, India
the area available for leakage from the air to the gas side between the rotor and the air preheater
housing by adjusting the radial sector plate reduces the air leakage and max efficiency can be obtained. And increase in x-
UPCL, Nagarjuna thermal power plant, Padubidri, Karnataka, India
Heat Transfer Analysis Of Recuperative Air
International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 2, Issue 7,
Heat Transfer and Leakages in A
509, 2006.
Staseik J.A., “Experimental studies of heat transfer and fluid flow across undulated heat exchanger surfaces”, Int.
Rapid Calculation of Temperature in a Regenerative Heat Exchanger Having Arbitrary Initial
168, 1967.
Preheater In a Thermal Power Plant”, Korean
Effect Of Reduction In Seal Clearances On Leakages In A Rotary Heat Exchanger”, Heat recovery
Advancements With Regenerative Airheater Design,
In Rotary Regenerative Air