This document summarizes a study on optimizing the performance of an air preheater at a thermal power plant in India. The study evaluated the performance of a Ljungstrom air preheater (model LAP 13494/2200) before and after adjusting radial sector plate clearances. Key findings include:
- Performance metrics like air leakage, gas side efficiency, and X-ratio were calculated from temperature and gas composition measurements taken at the air preheater inlet and outlet.
- Adjusting the radial sector plate clearances helped reduce air leakage and improve the air preheater's gas side efficiency.
The Presentation discusses the Air-Heater Performance Indices and the Boiler Performance calculation. One can Calculate the air ingress in the air-heater and the boiler and losses incurred thereby. The presentation also describes in details about the boiler efficiency and its calculation.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF AIR PREHEATER IN THERMAL POWER PLANTIAEME Publication
This paper presents a performance evaluation and optimization method of an air preheater based on routine
operation data measured onsite at LANCO-UPCL, Nagarjuna thermal power plant Padubidri, Karnataka, India. The work
focuses on the performance of Regenerative type air pre heater (model LAP 13494/2200). The performances were
evaluated before and after radial sector plate clearance adjustments with air preheater tests, and improvement is seen
along with air preheater optimization.
The Presentation discusses the Air-Heater Performance Indices and the Boiler Performance calculation. One can Calculate the air ingress in the air-heater and the boiler and losses incurred thereby. The presentation also describes in details about the boiler efficiency and its calculation.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF AIR PREHEATER IN THERMAL POWER PLANTIAEME Publication
This paper presents a performance evaluation and optimization method of an air preheater based on routine
operation data measured onsite at LANCO-UPCL, Nagarjuna thermal power plant Padubidri, Karnataka, India. The work
focuses on the performance of Regenerative type air pre heater (model LAP 13494/2200). The performances were
evaluated before and after radial sector plate clearance adjustments with air preheater tests, and improvement is seen
along with air preheater optimization.
Water steam Circuit in Supercritical Boiler for 660MW Power PlantHareesh VS
An animated presentation over Complete water steam circulation in a super critical boiler with flow chart. The water-steam path through various Systems (High pressure & Low pressure systems) in boiler for a 660MW thermal power plat, and also indicates the temperature and pressure variations after flowing through individual systems. Watch Live Presentation on YouTube: http://youtu.be/snIVrTmI4bM
The writeup details the Heat Balance of BHEL 210 MW Turbine Cycle. The Input and Output steam condition of Turbines, Extractions, Deaerator, LP Heaters, Condensers etc have been computed as per the specifications of the turbine manufacturer
The Presentation describes the basics about the Efficiency and performance of a steam based power plant. It also describes how the heat rate of the power plant is important from the point of view of fuel savings.
Effect of Coal Quality and Performance of Coal pulverisers / MillsManohar Tatwawadi
The presentation discusses about the change in performance parameters of a pulveriser due to change in coal quality and the measurement of performance and troubleshooting of coal firing system as a whole.
The presentation deals with the most complex and fundamental process in a CFBC boiler. i.e., Combustion. Provides an insight into the various features in a CFBC boilers which are incorporated to enhance cpmbustion.
210 MW Turbine Cycle Heat Rate includes all parameters of Steam and Condensate at various inlets and outlets of HP, IP and LP Turbines, Condenser and also takes into consideration the regenerative HP, IP/LP Heaters in the Turbine Cycle. Well Illustrated with all diagrams.
Changing Best Practices in Flue Gas AnalysisYokogawa1
Zirconium Oxide and Catalytic Bead sensor based analyzers have been the primary means of flue gas analysis for control and safety. The recently published API-556 has highlighted several considerations when using these technologies that were not commonly known throughout the industry. This webinar will explain the theory of operation of tunable diode laser spectrometers and the application thereof to gas fired reformers, boilers, & heaters as a layer of protection during startup and efficiency diagnostic during operation.
During this webinar recording, you will learn:
-What is the purpose of flue gas?
-The evolution of flue gas Analyzers
-Industry standards and recommended practices on the application of different types of instruments
Water steam Circuit in Supercritical Boiler for 660MW Power PlantHareesh VS
An animated presentation over Complete water steam circulation in a super critical boiler with flow chart. The water-steam path through various Systems (High pressure & Low pressure systems) in boiler for a 660MW thermal power plat, and also indicates the temperature and pressure variations after flowing through individual systems. Watch Live Presentation on YouTube: http://youtu.be/snIVrTmI4bM
The writeup details the Heat Balance of BHEL 210 MW Turbine Cycle. The Input and Output steam condition of Turbines, Extractions, Deaerator, LP Heaters, Condensers etc have been computed as per the specifications of the turbine manufacturer
The Presentation describes the basics about the Efficiency and performance of a steam based power plant. It also describes how the heat rate of the power plant is important from the point of view of fuel savings.
Effect of Coal Quality and Performance of Coal pulverisers / MillsManohar Tatwawadi
The presentation discusses about the change in performance parameters of a pulveriser due to change in coal quality and the measurement of performance and troubleshooting of coal firing system as a whole.
The presentation deals with the most complex and fundamental process in a CFBC boiler. i.e., Combustion. Provides an insight into the various features in a CFBC boilers which are incorporated to enhance cpmbustion.
210 MW Turbine Cycle Heat Rate includes all parameters of Steam and Condensate at various inlets and outlets of HP, IP and LP Turbines, Condenser and also takes into consideration the regenerative HP, IP/LP Heaters in the Turbine Cycle. Well Illustrated with all diagrams.
Changing Best Practices in Flue Gas AnalysisYokogawa1
Zirconium Oxide and Catalytic Bead sensor based analyzers have been the primary means of flue gas analysis for control and safety. The recently published API-556 has highlighted several considerations when using these technologies that were not commonly known throughout the industry. This webinar will explain the theory of operation of tunable diode laser spectrometers and the application thereof to gas fired reformers, boilers, & heaters as a layer of protection during startup and efficiency diagnostic during operation.
During this webinar recording, you will learn:
-What is the purpose of flue gas?
-The evolution of flue gas Analyzers
-Industry standards and recommended practices on the application of different types of instruments
ABSTRACT
Heat/light/electrical energy is out today’s necessity and has scarcity also. Energy conservation is key requirement of any industry at all times.
In general, industries use heat energy for conservation of raw material to finished product. The source of heat energy is generally saturated or super heated steam. The steam generation is common use one boiler with carity of fuels. Whatever may be the fuel the generation should be as economy as possible which adds to the product cost. Further the usage of steam and recycling steam condensate back to boiler is an art depending on plant layouts.
In this project the steam generator is water tube boiler fired with rice husk. The steam is transferred to the tyre/tube moulds where tyres/tubes are cured while the heat is rejected to the tyres the condensate forms and this condensate is put back to the boiler. While doing so the steam is also stopped back to boiler without rejecting complete heat to the product. This gets flashed into atmosphere at feed water tank. The science of separation of condensate from steam saves energy. Better the separation more the fuel conservation.
In the steam generator the fuel is burnt to heat the water and form steam. This fuel burnt flue gas carries lot of energy, out through chimney. Prior to exhausting through the heat left in flue need to be recovered, through heat recovery mechanisms’. In this project an air-preheater condensate heat recovery unit is the major energy consuming station.
Pressure Relief Systems Vol 2
Causes of Relief Situations
This Volume 2 is a guide to the qualitative identification of common causes of overpressure in process equipment. It cannot be exhaustive; the process engineer and relief systems team should look for any credible situation in addition to those given in this Part which could lead to a need for pressure relief (a relief situation).
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Thermal analysis of cooling effect on gas turbine bladeeSAT Journals
Abstract Performance of a gas turbine is mainly depends on various parameters e.g. ambient temperature, compressor pressure ratio, turbine inlet temperature etc. The most important parameter to increase the life of the turbine blade is the cooling of the blade, which is necessary after reaching a certain temperature of the gases passing through the blades. Various types of cooling models are available for a turbine blade cooling. The power output of a gas turbine depends on the mass flow rate through it. This is precisely the reason why on hot days, when air is less dense, power output falls off. This paper is to analyze the film cooling technique that was developed to cool gases in the initial stages of the turbine blades, where temperature is very high (>1122 K). It is found that the thermal efficiency of a cooled gas turbine is less as compare to the uncooled gas turbine for the same input conditions. The reason is that the temperature at the inlet of the turbine is decreased due to cooling and the work produced by the turbine is slightly decreased. It is also found that the power consumption of the cool inlet air is of considerable concern since it decreases the net power output of gas turbine. In addition, net power decreases on increasing the overall pressure ratio. Furthermore, the reviewed works revealed that the efficiency of the cooled gas turbine largely depends on the inlet temperature of the turbine and previous research said that the temperature above 1123K, require cooling of the blade. Keywords: Gas turbine, Turbine blade cooling, film cooling technique, Thermal Efficiency
Improving boiler efficiency by using air preheaterNetha Jashuva
Abstract: Air pre-heater is a heat transfer surface in which air temperature is raised by transferring heat from other media such as flue gas .Hot air is necessary for rapid combustion in the furnace and also for drying coal in milling plants. So an essential boiler accessory which serves this purpose is air pre-heater. The air pre-heater are not essential for operation of steam generator, but they are used where a study of cost indicates that money can be saved or efficient combustion can be obtained by their use. The decision for its adoption can be made when the financial advantages is weighed against the capital cost of heater in the present paper we have taken up the operation and performance analysis of LJUNGSTROM AIRPREHEATER27VITM 1900 of 2x210 MW capacity Rayalaseema Thermal Power Plant, Kalamala and compare with Rothemuhle air pre-heater. In analysis of performance preventive measures for corrosion of heating elements has been studied, and also air heater leakage, corrected gas outlet temperature and finally gas efficiency has been calculated.
Analysis of turbocharger performance for jet assisted vertical takeoff and la...Ijrdt Journal
This paper gives a brief analysis on the performance parameters of a Turbocharger, by fabricating a separate combustion chamber and mocking the working of a jet engine. Parameters such as variation of specific heat, dimensionless flow parameters, variation of turbulence, conductivity, thrust developed etc are studied using simulation of the model, and compared with the actual working of the prototype. It can be conveniently proposed from the experiment that turbocharger can be used effectively for developing vertical take-off assist.
MULTIPHASE SIMULATION OF AUTOMOTIVE HVAC EVAPORATOR USING R134A AND R1234YF R...IAEME Publication
This paper presents a multiphase simulation of evaporator in automotive air conditioningsystem was done by using R134a and R1234yf as working fluid (refrigerants) to know the
performance parameters. A CFD model was built to simulate the multiphase flow and the Thermalanalysis is carried out for the evaporator by using R134a and R1234yf refrigerants with constantmass flow rate. The results obtained after the simulation areexpressed in the figures of volumes
fraction, temperature, velocity of refrigerants. The CFD simulation was compared with both therefrigerants. And it was also thus conforming that the CFD model was successful in reproducingthe heat and mass transfer process in HVACevaporator using R134a and R1234yf refrigerants
An air pre-heater is a general term to describe any device designed to heat air before another
process (for example, combustion in a boiler) with the primary objective of increasing the thermal efficiency of
the process of the flue gas in a regenerative pre-heater. This project analysis how operation parameters of a
regenerative air preheater can be optimized in order to increase its efficiency and consequently the overall
efficiency of a boiler. As mention in phase-1 project the case study of RAPH is implemented in this work for the
reduction in air leakage by 30% and in order to improve the efficiency of RAPH-2 in Unit-I, TPS-I (Expansion)
of the Regenerative Air Pre-Heater was improved by reducing the leakage of air into flue gas in the RAPH, and
i t is minimized by replacing the ordinary radial seals into “Flexible Seals” and also by proper maintenance of
the RAPH and it is implemented for the experimental analysis. For this purpose, the RAPH in thermal power
station -1 expansion at neyveli is considered and studied for a period and suitable remedies have been
suggested.
EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF ADIABATIC FILM COOLING EFFECTIVEN...IAEME Publication
This study aims at investigating the film cooling effectiveness using both experimentally and numerically for the scaled up gas turbine blade leading edge compound angle model. A compound angle gas turbine blade leading edge model having the five rows of holes, one at stagnation line, two rows of holes at 30 degrees on either side of stagnation line and two rows of holes at 60 degrees on either side of stagnation line. Each row has the five holes at a pitch of 21mm with the varied hole angles of 0, 30, 45, 55 and 60 degrees oriented with the stream line direction.
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
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A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
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UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
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4. Demo
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Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
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Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
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2. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Management ICCTEM
17 – 19, July 2014, Mysore, Karnataka, India
made of common carbon steel. The metal weight of one air preheater is approximately 620 tons, including 465 tons for
the rotor assembly (about 75 percent of the total weight). The air preheater is tri
The model LAP 13494/2200 tri-sector rotary air preheater as shown in Fig
exchanger. Specially corrugated heating elements are tightly placed in the sector compartment of the rotor. The rotor
turns at a speed of 0.99 rpm and is divided into gas channels and air channels. The air side is mad
channels and secondary air channels. When gas flows through the rotor, it releases heat and delivers it to the heating
elements and then the gas temperature drops; when the heated elements turn to the air side, the air passing through them
is heated and its temperature is increased. By continuing maintaining such a circulation, the heat exchange is achieved
between gas and air.
Fig. 1: Trisector rotary air preheater and its important
2.1 Heating Elements
Heating elements are made of carbon steel sheets with special corrugations formed by pressing; the hot end
heating assemblies are profiled in accordance with shapes and sizes of individual sub
by alternately piling up notched undulation sheets with vertical undulations and inclined turbulent corrugations and
sheets only with the same inclined corrugations one by one as shown in Fig 2. All the assemblies of both hot and cold
end heating elements are fastened by welding flat b
23
tri-sector type [10].
Fig. 1 is a counter flow regenerative heat
parts [10]
sub-modules. Each assembly is formed
ed bars and angle steels together [3].
-2014
made of primary air
3. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Management ICCTEM
2.2 Sealing System
17 – 19, July 2014, Mysore, Karnataka, India
Fig. 2: Heating Elements
Usually air leaks in to the gas in the air preheater due to pressure differences. This leakage air decreases the
flue gas temperature without extracting the heat.
requirement that the rotating parts should have some working clearance between the static parts to avoid any
interference between them. Here, in air preheaters, rotors are constructed to have high
thermal expansion and these gaps are close with the flexible seal leaves. Major types of seals used in power plant.
• Radial seals
• Axial seals
• Bypass seals
• Circumferential seals
To reduce the air leakage seals are provided. It is an implied
The main purpose of these seals is to reduce the
the Air pre heater.[6]
3. EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP AND PROCEDURE
3.1 Principle of Operation
Air preheater performance test is conducted on rotary regenerative
air preheaters. Various performance indices like air preheater leakage, gas side efficiency, X
this test. A single carbon steel tube with portable gas analyzer and digital thermomete
evaluation.
3.2 Test Procedure
The Instruments used are: Gas analyzer, Digital thermometer, static probe.
3.2.1 Test Set Up – Operating Conditions of Test Runs
Test runs are conducted at an easily repeatable level at
number of mills in service and same total air levels as previous tests. The operating conditions for each test run are as
follows.
a. No furnace or air heater soot blowing is done during the test.
b. Unit operation is kept steady for at least 60 minutes prior to the test.
24
higher clearance to take care of
leakage between the gas and air. Fig 3. Shows sealing system of
Fig. 3: Sealing System
air preheater to improve the efficiency of the
X-ratio are determined using
thermometer is used for performance
defined baseline conditions at full load with same
ion -2014
er r
4. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Management ICCTEM -2014
17 – 19, July 2014, Mysore, Karnataka, India
25
c. Steam coil Air heaters (SCAPH) steam supply is kept isolated and gas recirculation dampers if any, are tightly
shut.
d. No mill change over is done during the test.
The test run duration will be the time required to complete two traverses for temperature and gas analysis. Two
separate test crews should sample the gas inlet and outlet ducts simultaneously.
3.2.2 Traverse locations – Gas side
a. The gas inlet traverse plane should be located as close as possible to the air heater inlet. This is done to ensure
that any air ingress from the intervening duct/ expansion joints is not included in air heater performance
assessment.
b. The gas outlet traverse plane should be located at a suitable distance downstream the air heater to allow mixing
of the flow to reduce temperature and o2 stratification. However, it should not be located downstream of other
equipment or access ways that might contribute to air ingress.
3.2.3 Traverse locations – Airside
a. The air inlet traverse plane should be located after any air heating coils and as close as possible to the air heater
inlet. Since the entering air temperature is usually uniform, a single probe with 2 or 3 temperature measurement
points is adequate.
b. The air outlet traverse plane should be located at a suitable distance downstream the air heater to allow mixing
of the flow to reduce the gas stratification as shown in Fig 4.
Fig. 4: Traverse location- airside [10]
3.2.4 Ports and Probes
Typical test port and probe used for the test is shown in Fig 5.
Fig. 5: Ports and Probes [10]
5. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Management ICCTEM -2014
17 – 19, July 2014, Mysore, Karnataka, India
( O gl O ge
) * 0.9 * 100
* ( −
)
AL Tgl Tae
( Tge −
Tgnl
)
Tge Tae
= (3)
26
Tubes numbered 1,2, 3 are carbon steel 3/8” OD tubes and tube no. 4 is carbon steel 12-15 mm OD. Tubes
numbered 1, 2 3 are for gas sampling while tube no. 4 is for carrying thermocouple wires for temperature measurement.
d is the flue gas duct width at the test cross-section.
3.2.5 Flue Gas Composition Temperature
A representative value of flue gas composition (O2 / CO2/ CO) is obtained by grid sampling of the flue gas at
multiple points in a plane perpendicular to the flow at air heater inlet and outlet using a portable gas analyzer. Two
complete sets of data are collected for each traverse plane during each test run to ensure data repeatability.
A typical cross section of the flue gas duct with an 18- point grid is shown in Fig 6. Along with a typical probe.
Each dot indicates a sampling point for measurement of gas composition and temperature.
Fig. 6: Cross section of Flue gas duct [10]
Flue gas samples are drawn by a vacuum pump from the test grid probes and sent to a portable gas analyzer
through a gas conditioning system. Similarly, a representative value of temperature is obtained by grid measurement of
flue gas temperature at multiple points in a plane perpendicular to the flow at air heater inlet and outlet using multi point
probes.
A single tube probe with portable analyzer can also be used for traversing duct cross section. Marking / etching
is done on the sampling tube at d/6, d/2 5d/6, if d is the duct depth. The probe is inserted in each port samples are
drawn at different depths as per markings. Temperatures of flue gas are also measured at the same locations using a
similar single tube temperature probe.
Fig. 7: Gas Analyzer
Fig 7 shows typical gas analyzer used in the test to measure oxygen percentage in the flue gas. After completing
the testing of all the ports of a air preheater, calculations can be done as per the following formulae.
Air leakage
(21 2
)
2 2
O gl
−
−
= (1)
+
=
Tgnl Tgl
100
(2)
Gas side Efficiency GSE = (Temp drop/ Temp head)*100
*100
( )
GSE
−
W out
air
W
ga sin
X− ratio =
6. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Management ICCTEM -2014
17 – 19, July 2014, Mysore, Karnataka, India
−
T Tgnl
7. (1583.9 * 32.94) + (504.11 * 39.83)
27
ga
−
iT out T n
X ratio
gas air
− =
sin
(4)
Weighted air inlet temperature
=
9. (6)
Total air flow= primary air flow + secondary airflow
(7)
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The experiments were conducted on a Ljungstrom air preheater. After determining the performance indices like
air leakage, GSE, X-ratio, using data from Table 1, radial Sector plate clearance is adjusted manually to improve the
efficiency of air preheater.
The following parameters are obtained using gas analyzers and digital thermocouple before adjusting the sector
plate.
Table 1: Parameters before adjusting sector plate clearance
Parameters Values
Avg. Flue Gas Temp - APH In 331.33°C
Avg. Flue Gas Temp - APH out 136.03°C
Avg. Flue Gas O2 - APH Inlet 4.61 %
Avg. Flue Gas O2 - APH outlet 6.61 %
Avg. Primary Air to APH Temp In 39.83°C
Avg. Primary Air from APH Temp Out 289.62°C
Avg. Secondary Air to APH Temp In 32.94°C
Avg. Secondary Air to APH Temp out 298.47°C
Total Secondary Air Flow 1583.9ton/hr
Total Primary Air Flow 504.11ton/hr
Air Leakage
(6.61 4.61) * 0.9 * 100
(21 −
6.61)
−
=
AL = 12.5%
Total air flow = primary air flow + secondary airflow
= 504.11+1583.9
= 2088.01 ton/hr
Weighted air inlet temperature
(2088.01)
=
Tae= Tair in = 34.64°C
10. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Management ICCTEM
Weighted air outlet temperature
(1583.9 * 298.47) + (504
504.11 * 289.62)
0(2088. 1
=
Tair out= 296.33°C
12.5 (136.03 34.64)
Tgnl 136
(100)
+
+ −
=
Tgnl = 148.72°C
Gas side Efficiency GSE
(331.33 −
148
148.72)
(331.3 −
34
=
GSE = 61.54%
X-ratio
(331.33 −
148
148.72)
(296.33 −
34
=
X-ratio = 0.69
After finding performance indices, radial sector plate clearance is again adjusted manually
and Table 3 shows sector plate clearance values adjusted in different direction.
Table 2: Sector plate
Clearance (APH A side)
Reading
point
Distance between
and radial seal
Hot end Cold End
A 2.7
B 2.0
C 2.4
D 2.2
E 2.3
F 2.2
G 6.4
H 6.7
I 5.8
J 5.5
K 5.6
L 5.0
17 – 19, July 2014, Mysore, Karnataka, India
28
01)
136.03
* 100
34.64)
* 100
34.64)
at cold state.
Table 3: Sector plate
Clearance (APH B side)
sector plate
1.6
1.7
1.5
1.5
1.7
1.9
30.0
30.0
29.8
30.2
31.1
30.7
Reading
point
Distance between sector
plate and radial seal
Hot end
A 6.3
B 6.4
C 6.0
D 5.6
E 7.0
F 7.0
G 12.0
H 11.6
I 12.0
J 11.5
K 12.0
L 12.0
-2014
Table 2
earance Cold End
1.6
1.7
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.4
30.7
30.6
30.0
30.0
30.5
30.7
11. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Management ICCTEM
The following parameters are obtained using gas analyzers and digital
Table 4: Parameters after adjusting sector plate Clearance
Avg. Flue Gas Temp
Avg. Flue Gas Temp
Avg. Flue Gas O2
Avg. Flue Gas O2
Avg. Primary Air to APH Temp In
Avg. Primary Air from APH Temp Out
Avg. Secondary Air to APH Temp In
Avg. Secondary Air to APH Temp out
Total Secondary Air Flow
Total Primary Air Flow
-2014
After adjusting the sector plate clearance another set of data were collected as shown in Table 4. Using these
parameter again air leakage, efficiency and x
different results were obtained. And it is observed that air leakage decreased and efficiency increased gradually. By
adjusting the sector plate clearance optimized results were obtained. Using the parameters from Table 4 optimized results
were obtained.
4.1 Performance characteristics
4.1.1 Air leakage
The variation of Air leakage with various sector plate clearance adjustments is as shown in the following graph.
Fig 8 shows variation of air leakage for different trials. It s observed that
leakage is the indicator of the condition of the air preheater seals. After adjusting the radial seal sector plate clearance
air leakage decreased.
Fig. 8: Air leakage for different trails of sector plate clearance adjustments
4.1.2 Gas side efficiency
the
Fig 9 shows variation of gas side efficiency for different trials. It is observed that gas side efficiency gradually
increased as the area between air to the gas side between the rotor and the air preheater housing decreases.
12. Fig. 9: Gas side efficiency for different trails of sector plate clearance adjustments
4.1.3 X-ratio
Fig 10 shows X-ratio for different trials. It is observed that
plate is adjusted. It indicates maximun heat is recovred in the air pre heater.
17 – 19, July 2014, Mysore, Karnataka, India
29
thermocouple after adjusting the sector plate.
Parameters Values
- APH In 336°C
- APH out 135.79°C
- APH Inlet 4.19 %
- APH outlet 5.4 %
38.50°C
287.27°C
33.66°C
300.03°C
1593.03ton/hr
508.5ton/hr
x-ratio are calculated. Similarly for different set of clearance adjustment
air leakage gradually decreased. Air
X-ratio incresed as hot end and cold end radial sector
13. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Management ICCTEM
Fig. 10: X-ratio for different trails of sector plate clearance adjustments
5. CONCLUSION
By reducing the area available for leakage from the air to the gas side between the rotor and the air preheater
housing by adjusting the radial sector plate reduces the air leakage and max efficiency can be obtained. And increase in x
ratio indicates maximum heat recovery in the Air preheater.
6. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank LANCO
for the technical support of this work.
7. NOMENCLATURE
AL = air heater leakage
O2 ge = percent O2 in gas entering air heater
O2 gl = percent O2 in gas leaving air heater
Tgnl = gas outlet temperature corrected for no
Tae = Temperature of air entering air heater
Tgl = Temperature of gas leaving air heater
LAP = Ljungström Air Preheater
GSE = Gas side efficiency
8. REFERENCES
Journal Papers
[1]. Mr. Vishwanath .H. H, Dr. Thammaiah Gowda , Mr. Ravi S.D “
Preheater” International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology
July 2013,
[2]. Bostjan Drobnic, Janez Oman. “A Numerical Model
Rotary Air Preheater”, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer
[3]. Staseik J.A., “Experimental studies of heat transfer and fluid flow across undulated heat exchanger surfaces”,
J. Heat Transfer. Vol. 41 Nos. 6-7,pp. 899
[4]. Larsen F. W., “Rapid Calculation of Temperature in a Regenerative Heat Exchanger Having Arbitrary Initial
Solid and Entering Fluid Temperatures
[5]. Wang .H,” Analysis on Thermal Stress Deformation of
J. Chem. Eng., Vol. 26, 833-839 , 2009.
[6]. T.Skiepko, “Effect Of Reduction In Seal Clearances On Leakages In A Rotary Heat Exchanger
system CHP 9 (6), pp. 553-559, 1989.
[7]. Donald Q.Kern, “Process Heat Transfer
[8]. Stephen.Storm, john, Guffre, Andrea Zucchelli ”
Performance And Reliability” POWERGEN Europe 7
[9]. Sandira Alagic, Nikola Stocic,”Numerical Analysis
Pre-Heaters” Strojniški vestnik - Journal of Mechanical Engineering
Books
[10]. UPCL manuals images.
17 – 19, July 2014, Mysore, Karnataka, India
30
overy LANCO-UPCL, Nagarjuna thermal power plant, Padubidri, Karnataka, India
leakage
Heat Transfer Analysis Of Recuperative Air
for the Analyses of Heat Transfer
, 49, pp .501–509, 2006.
899-914, 1998.
Temperatures”, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer Vol.10, pp.149-168, 1967.
Rotary Air-Preheater In a Thermal Power Plant
Transfer”, Tata McGraw-Hill Publication, pp. 701, 2004.
Advancements With Regenerative Airheater Design,
7-9 June 2011.
of Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow In Rotary Regenerative Air
,pp 411-417,2005
-2014
x-
Vol. 2, Issue 7,
and Leakages in A
Int.
Plant”, Korean
Exchanger”, Heat recovery