This document describes the thermal power cycle of a steam turbine power plant. It includes diagrams of the boiler, turbines, condenser and other components. It discusses the efficiencies of the boiler (86.5%), high pressure turbine (81.11%), intermediate pressure turbine (89.83%) and low pressure turbine (85%). It states that the overall steam cycle efficiency is 40%, with 60% of heat being removed by the condenser. Losses at each stage are also outlined.

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Thermal Power Cycle Schemetic
S
T
A
C
K
DRUM
FURNACE
SH
RH
ECON
A
P
H
A
P
H
PA FANS FD FANS
ID FANS
HOT PA
HEADER
COLD PA
HEADER
BUNKER,
RCF & CM
ESP
ESP
HP
HEATERS
LP
HEATERS,
EJECTOR,
GS
COOLER
CON
HP IP
LP
GEN
DEAIRATOR
FEED TANK
Boiler Feed Pumps
CEP
210 MW
P-130, T- 540
P-28, T- 320
P-24, T- 535
P-1.32, T- 180
P-0.0889, T- 43
P-0.0889, T- 43
P-22, T- 43
CW in,
T- 30
CW out,
T- 41
T- 156T- 167
P-150 T- 173
T- 255
T- 340
P-145
T- 340

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B
o
i
l
e
r
s

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Turbines

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Efficiency = Output / Input
Input - Losses
Input
Efficiency
Efficiency
100 - Losses
100

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Losses in Boiler & Efficiency
(As per Designer
Heat Supplied to
Turbine (Output)
Heat Lost
in hot flue
gasses = 6%
Other Losses
1 Moisture in Fuel 1.2%.
2 Moisture in Air 0.1%
3 Hydrogen in Fuel 5.00%
4 Radiation Loss 0.2%.
Heat Lost in Unburnt in Fly
and Bottom Ash = 0.4%
Total Heat
Input = 100%
Boiler Efficiency = 86.5%
Excess Air
Loss = 0.75%

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HP Turbine Efficiency
Inlet Steam
130kg/sq.cm
5350C
Outlet Steam
30kg/sq.cm.
2800C
HP Turbine Efficiency
= 81.11%

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IP Turbine Efficiency
Inlet Steam
27kg/sq.cm.
5350C
Outlet Steam
1.2kg/sq.cm.
2000C
IP Turbine Efficiency
= 89.83%

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LP Turbine Efficiency
Inlet Steam from IPT
0.09 kg/sq.cm. abs 470C
Outlet Steam to condenser
1.2kg/sq.cm.
2000C
LP Turbine Efficiency
= 85%

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Turbine Efficiencies
(Design Efficiencies)

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Turbine Losses

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Turbine Losses contd…

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1. Copper Losses (I2R)
2. Iron Losses
3. Other Losses
All the above losses account to 2%
Hence the Generator Efficiency = 98%

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Steam Cycle Efficiency
Water
Steam
Turbine
Heat Energy
Energy Converted to
Electrical Energy = 40%
100%
Cycle Efficiency = 40%
Heat Taken
away in
Condenser
= 60%

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S
T
A
C
K
DRUM
FURNACE
SH
RH
ECON
A
P
H
A
P
H
PA FANS FD FANS
ID FANS
HOT PA
HEADER
COLD PA
HEADER
BUNKER,
RCF & CM
ESP
ESP
HP
HEATERS
LP
HEATERS,
EJECTOR,
GS
COOLER
CONDE
NSER
HP IP
LP
GEN
DEAIRATOR
FEED TANK
Boiler Feed Pumps
CEP
HOT PRIMARY AIR
HOT SECONDARY AIR
Stn. Aux-
51 Kcal
-
Heat Rejected
962 Kcal
Total Turbine
Losses includes
Heat Rejected - 1185
Kcal
Energy Input
to Turbine
2065 Kcal
Stack Loss
122 Kcal
Total Boiler Losses -
331 Kcal
Total Boiler Input -
2396 Kcal
Design Turbine Heat Rate - GTHR - 2065 Kcal/Kwh
and Gross Unit Heat Rate- GUHR - 2396 Kcal/Kwh
* Any amount of energy or heat/Coal/Water going out of cycle is increasing the heat rate.

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