The document discusses several key topics in perception including selective attention, perceptual organization, depth perception, perceptual constancy, and perceptual set. Specifically, it addresses how perceptual organization involves grouping stimuli into meaningful wholes based on Gestalt principles like proximity, similarity, and closure. It also describes how depth perception allows us to see objects in three dimensions using both binocular and monocular cues like retinal disparity, relative size, and linear perspective. Finally, it discusses the concept of perceptual set and how prior knowledge and expectations can influence what we perceive.

1. Chapter 6 Perception

2. Perception Selective Attention focus of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus

3. Perceptual Organization- Gestalt Visual Capture tendency for vision to dominate the other senses Grouping the perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups

4. Perceptual Organization- Gestalt Gestalt - an organized whole tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes Grouping Principles proximity - group nearby figures together similarity - group figures that are similar continuity - perceive continuous patterns closure - fill in gaps connectedness - spots, lines and areas are seen as unit when connected

5. Perceptual Organization Figure and Ground organization of the visual field into objects (figures) that stand out from their surroundings (ground)

6. Perceptual Organization- Grouping Principles

7. Perceptual Organization- Grouping Principles Gestalt grouping principles are at work here.

8. Perceptual Organization- Depth Perception Depth Perception ability to see objects in three dimensions allows us to judge distance Binocular cues retinal disparity images from the two eyes differ closer the object, the larger the disparity convergence neuromuscular cue two eyes move inward for near objects

9. Perceptual Organization-Depth Perception Visual Cliff

10. Perceptual Organization-Depth Perception Monocular Cues relative size smaller image is more distant interposition closer object blocks distant object relative clarity hazy object seen as more distant texture coarse --> close fine --> distant

11. Perceptual Organization-Depth Perception Relative Size

12. Perceptual Organization-Depth Perception

13. Perceptual Organization-Depth Perception Monocular Cues (cont.) relative height higher objects seen as more distant relative motion closer objects seem to move faster linear perspective parallel lines converge with distance relative brightness closer objects appear brighter

14. Perceptual Organization-Depth Perception Perspective Techniques

15. Perceptual Constancy perceiving objects as unchanging despite changes in retinal image color shape size

16. Perceptual Organization-Muller-Lyer Illusion

17. Perceptual Organization- Size-Distance Relationship

18. Perceptual Organization-Brightness Contrast

19. Sensory Restriction- Blakemore & Cooper, 1970 Kittens raised without exposure to horizontal lines later had difficulty perceiving horizontal bars.

20. Perceptual Interpretation Perceptual Adaptation (vision) ability to adjust to an artificially displaced visual field prism glasses Perceptual Set a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another

21. Perceptual Set- Schemas What you see in the center is influenced by perceptual set

22. Perceptual Set- Schemas Flying Saucers or Clouds?

23. Perceptual Set- Human Factors

24. Perception without Sensation? Extrasensory Perception controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input telepathy clairvoyance precognition Parapsychology the study of paranormal phenomena ESP psychokinesis