Work can be any activity requiring effort, while employment refers to work done in exchange for payment. Unemployment occurs when people seeking paid work cannot find suitable jobs. Reasons for unemployment include recessions, business closures, technological changes, and fewer jobs in agriculture. The government aims to reduce unemployment through benefits, retraining programs, and encouraging job creation and sharing. The labor force comprises those available for work, including the employed and unemployed but not retired, in education, or not wishing to work.

1. People at Work

2. Work
 Work is defined as any activity which
requires effort. E.g. Doing your homework.

3. Employment
 Employment is work carried out in
return for payment. E.g. Working in a
shop or babysitting for neighbours.

4. Work vs. Employment
Cooking dinner at home Fireman putting out fire
Washing the clothes Doctor on call
Doing your Homework Chef cooking food in bar
Mowing the Lawn Rooney playing for Man Utd.

5. Unemployment
 Many people who want to work for
payment are unable to find suitable
employment.
 These people are said to be unemployed

6. Reasons for Unemployment
 The recession
 Some business close down because of
the competition from other Irish or foreign
firms
 Improvements in technology
 Drop in the number of people employed in
agriculture in rural areas

7. Reducing Unemployment
 Irish people could buy more Irish-produced
goods and thereby create more Irish jobs
 Irish people could start their own business
 People could work less overtime
 People who wish could be given the opportunity
to job-share

8. Labour Force
 The labour force consists of all people
who are available to work.
 The total number of people in Ireland who
are available for work.

9. Labour Force includes:
 People who are employed
 People who are unemployed

10. It does not include:
 People who are retired
 People who are still in education
 Those who do not wish to work outside the
home

11. Government Involvement
How does the Government help
unemployed people?
 Unemployment benefit is paid to
unemployed people
 Back-to-work programs are organised by
SOLAS.

12.  Re-training programmes are organised by
VECs.
 Additional Benefits such as medical cards
and rent allowance may be available to
the unemployed.

13. Employees vs. Employers
 Employees: are people who work for
others in exchange for payment.

14.  Employers: are people who hire others to
do the work for them in return for payment

15. Employees Rights and Responsibilities
RIGHTS RESPONSIBILITIES
 Receive Fair Wage  Honest and Trustworthy
 safe and healthy working  Employee should do a
conditions fair day’s work
 Join a trade union  Be on time for work
 Receive correct holidays  Respect the property of
the employer
 Treated the same as
other employees

16. Organisation of the Workplace
Organisation Structures
 An organisation structure shows the chain
of authority in the firm from the owners
right down to the most junior employees.

17. TESCO ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE

18. Types of Jobs and Skills
 Skills –
All employees of the firm will have certain
tasks to perform within their department

19. Professionals
Semi-skilled Skills Skilled
Unskilled

20. Services
Creative Manual
Jobs
Administrative Clerical
Technical