IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Traffic crashes kill more than 1.2 million people every year. While most traffic safety initiatives tend to focus on behavioral approaches -- such as helmet- and seatbelt-wearing campaigns -- there’s an undervalued approach to making the world’s roads safer: good urban design.
CITIES SAFER BY DESIGN is a global reference guide to help cities save lives from traffic fatalities through improved street design and smart urban development.
In a world of rapidly increasing urbanization, striving to develop more livable cities, the city’s streets designing and planning should be high on the agenda for policymakers, city planners and other practitioners, as well as researchers. Designing streets is not as easy as it might originally seem, however, done correctly it means that one third of the city was designed successfully with an immense impact on the rest of the city. The key challenge in developing sustainable and fulfilling streets is to develop an integrated approach in planning them, where it is necessary to consider all aspects involved. Meanwhile, efforts devoted to this topic vary considerably from place to place. Thus, this paper aims at discussing the main elements involved in designing streets for a livable city, in a comprehensive approach including pedestrians, vehicles, and parking areas.
Guest presentation by Brett Little of PTV Group (all rights reserved by PTV Group - reproduced with permission).
www.ptvgroup.com
www.its.leeds.ac.uk/courses/masters/programme-structure/#tabs-4
Traffic crashes kill more than 1.2 million people every year. While most traffic safety initiatives tend to focus on behavioral approaches -- such as helmet- and seatbelt-wearing campaigns -- there’s an undervalued approach to making the world’s roads safer: good urban design.
CITIES SAFER BY DESIGN is a global reference guide to help cities save lives from traffic fatalities through improved street design and smart urban development.
In a world of rapidly increasing urbanization, striving to develop more livable cities, the city’s streets designing and planning should be high on the agenda for policymakers, city planners and other practitioners, as well as researchers. Designing streets is not as easy as it might originally seem, however, done correctly it means that one third of the city was designed successfully with an immense impact on the rest of the city. The key challenge in developing sustainable and fulfilling streets is to develop an integrated approach in planning them, where it is necessary to consider all aspects involved. Meanwhile, efforts devoted to this topic vary considerably from place to place. Thus, this paper aims at discussing the main elements involved in designing streets for a livable city, in a comprehensive approach including pedestrians, vehicles, and parking areas.
Guest presentation by Brett Little of PTV Group (all rights reserved by PTV Group - reproduced with permission).
www.ptvgroup.com
www.its.leeds.ac.uk/courses/masters/programme-structure/#tabs-4
Paper makes an attempt to showcase role and importance of making roads in making urban areas safer, productive, effective, efficient better places to live and work by avoiding colossal loss of life and property due to large accidents taking place on such roads. It also brings out context, issues and options which can help in making urban roads safer. Global experiences have also been included to showcase the best practices.
This presentation talks about the basics of transportation planning. The transportation jargons that are used like ROW, Carriage way etc. It also talks about the Road hierarchy, Intersections, Road Capacity and Level of Service.
By Geetam Tiwari, Transportation Research and Injury Prevention Program (TRIPP), Chair and Associate Professor, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (New Delhi, India)
Transportation planning is an integral part of overall urban planning and needs systematic approach.
Travel demand estimation is an important part of comprehensive transportation planning process.
However, planning does not end by predicting travel demand.
The ultimate aim of urban transport planning is to generate alternatives for improving transportation system to meet future demand and selecting the best alternative after proper evaluation.
This PPT is based on urban transportation system. Name of this ppt is Urban mass transit system. Different types of mass transportation system are described in this powerpoint presentation.
Conceptualizing Sustainable Transportation for City of Pune, India.IJERA Editor
Pune the second largest city of Maharashtra state of Indian union is witnessing large scale urban sprawl and its
negative ramifications in last couple of decades. Urban sprawl is defined as dispersed and discontinuous
suburban land development associated with low population densities and high auto dependence. This
phenomenon is adversely affecting sustainability of the city because of its negative environmental, social and
economic impacts. It saps local resources, destroys open space and farmland, and increases the energy
consumption of mobility by promoting long travel distances. Another problem is high levels of traffic
congestion and harmful emissions causing environmental pollution. There is a plethora of research that sought
to address the issue of urban sustainability and combat sprawl; little has been done on developing analytical
tools that could be used to assess the future of urban sustainability for Indian cities and for Pune in particular.
This paper explores that how particular land use development patterns or the expansion of the current urban
transportation infrastructure are likely to impact urban sustainability.
This is an identification of current issues in Panadura Bus Terminal and a proposal to redesign it in a most effective manner. The project is coordinated by Department of Transport and Logistics Management of University of Moratuwa.
Treatability study of cetp wastewater using physico chemical process-a case s...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Paper makes an attempt to showcase role and importance of making roads in making urban areas safer, productive, effective, efficient better places to live and work by avoiding colossal loss of life and property due to large accidents taking place on such roads. It also brings out context, issues and options which can help in making urban roads safer. Global experiences have also been included to showcase the best practices.
This presentation talks about the basics of transportation planning. The transportation jargons that are used like ROW, Carriage way etc. It also talks about the Road hierarchy, Intersections, Road Capacity and Level of Service.
By Geetam Tiwari, Transportation Research and Injury Prevention Program (TRIPP), Chair and Associate Professor, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (New Delhi, India)
Transportation planning is an integral part of overall urban planning and needs systematic approach.
Travel demand estimation is an important part of comprehensive transportation planning process.
However, planning does not end by predicting travel demand.
The ultimate aim of urban transport planning is to generate alternatives for improving transportation system to meet future demand and selecting the best alternative after proper evaluation.
This PPT is based on urban transportation system. Name of this ppt is Urban mass transit system. Different types of mass transportation system are described in this powerpoint presentation.
Conceptualizing Sustainable Transportation for City of Pune, India.IJERA Editor
Pune the second largest city of Maharashtra state of Indian union is witnessing large scale urban sprawl and its
negative ramifications in last couple of decades. Urban sprawl is defined as dispersed and discontinuous
suburban land development associated with low population densities and high auto dependence. This
phenomenon is adversely affecting sustainability of the city because of its negative environmental, social and
economic impacts. It saps local resources, destroys open space and farmland, and increases the energy
consumption of mobility by promoting long travel distances. Another problem is high levels of traffic
congestion and harmful emissions causing environmental pollution. There is a plethora of research that sought
to address the issue of urban sustainability and combat sprawl; little has been done on developing analytical
tools that could be used to assess the future of urban sustainability for Indian cities and for Pune in particular.
This paper explores that how particular land use development patterns or the expansion of the current urban
transportation infrastructure are likely to impact urban sustainability.
This is an identification of current issues in Panadura Bus Terminal and a proposal to redesign it in a most effective manner. The project is coordinated by Department of Transport and Logistics Management of University of Moratuwa.
Treatability study of cetp wastewater using physico chemical process-a case s...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Utilization of pulverized plastic in cement concrete as fine aggregateeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Authorization mechanism for multiparty data sharing in social networkeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Signal classification of second order cyclostationarity signals using bt scld...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Conceptual design of injection mould tool for main body part of an air inflatoreSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Design and implementation of path planning algorithm for wheeled mobile robot...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Data detection with a progressive parallel ici canceller in mimo ofdmeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Simulation of pedestrian at intersection in urban congested areaeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Sustainable Urban Corridors in Khartoum Case of Mohammed Najeeb StreetDr. Amarjeet Singh
This article aims at measuring the sustainability of the streets of Khartoum using the Pedestrian Environmental Quality Index (P.E.Q.I.). This index has six categories: Intersection safety; traffic; street design; perceived safety; land use; and perceived walkability. Each category has several items. As a case study, Mohammed Najeeb main street is studied since it represents main streets in Khartoum. Results show that the sustainability standard of the studied street is below average (40%). Conclusions are written. And recommendations are drawn.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Services Model of Microlet Public Transport Based on Characteristics Movement...AM Publications
Mode of transport in the form of urban transportation has a very urgent role in supporting the growth and the development of a city.Microlet is the only public transportation owned by the city of Palu in performing services for users,this public transportation is increasingly unpopular and users tend to be abandoned because of the easeness to get it is very difficult in a sense; where waiting place is not clear, there is no certainty of a long waiting, the negotiations of travel destination and the time required for travelling can not be predicted. The research objective is to create a model that is suitable to be applied based on the people movement characteristics, with the hope of such urban transportation is still able to survive and operate as stackholdersdemands (user, operator / driver and government) and at the end people tend to choose public transportation as an option main mode of transportation in supporting their daily activities. The method of analysis used in modelling the transport trajectory is superimpose method with consideration of; land use patterns, the movement pattern of passengers urban transportation, population density, the service area andthe road networkcharacteristics.Based on the analysis of the division of three zones studied region, then the application of fixed rute is still can be carried out in zone 2 as a downtown area that includes 4 districts namely; West Palusubdistrict, Tatanga, South Palu and East Palu, while the two other zones, namely zone 1 and zone 3 as connector to the city center, city transportation routes can be applied in accordance with the national road that crosses the area of the zone.
DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABLE URBAN TRANSPORT STRATEGIES FOR SALEM CITYIAEME Publication
Urban planning as majorly practiced in India is mainly concerned with the development of land in cities. Urban traffic congestion being a major problem in large cities which has a negative impact on mobility, environment, local economy and quality of life. The aim of this thesis is to develop an efficient transport with good and better facility for the Salem city. The roads and public transportation areas should be developed and maintained clean. Salem was a municipal town till 2007 and is developed to city in 2008 with heavy area expansion to more than ten times. A detail including all the elements like sustainable urban transport strategies for Salem city is not carried out in the past. To achieve this, development of Salem should meet all the three strategies i.e. social, economic and environmental sustainability goals. Hence sustainable development for Salem city is necessary.
Abstract
Most of the urban metropolitan cities are facing traffic problems due delay and overcrowding. Recently the growth of population
increased unusually because of the development and employment in metropolitan cities. Generally, road transportation is the
major approach of convey which connects the villages, towns, cities, metropolitan regions, states and whole country in to the
system establishing an innovative communiqué. It improves the entire nation development, environment surroundings and socio
economic customs developments. Additionally the special advantages of the highway transport individual have been facing
unusual troubles owing to the need of its suitable organization, refurbish & preservation. With the unusual predicament of road
transport, traffic delay and overcrowding are the rising troubles in the urban region. Various authentic problems and solutions of
traffic delay and overcrowding have been discussed in this paper.
Keywords: Cities, Approach, Highway, Population, Nation
Traffic and travel are the two worst gifts of the urbanization. We remain invariably mobile but always becoming victim of traffic. Indian roads remain most unsafe with an accident reported @55 seconds and somebody losing precious life @3.5 minutes. Indian roads are known to be the second largest killer. Cities are facing multiple, often conflicting challenges, with fast changing options of urban travel and mobility. Considering the entire context of travel and traffic , road safety remains largely a complex and vexed issue driven by; unpredictable behaviour of road users; large number of old and outdated vehicles using roads; callous driving; lack of respect for other road users; limited space under roads; poor and outdated road geometry; encroachment on road space; mixing of passenger and good traffic; lack of understanding and respect for traffic rules; outdated rules and regulations;; poor road infrastructure; lack of availability of trained manpower; disconnect between road safety and urban planning; inadequate availability of dedicated funds ; multiplicity of agencies; delayed delivery of justice etc. Considering , role and importance of urban India in; housing large proportion of national population; making India a 5 trillion economy; generating large employment; eradicating poverty and ushering prosperity; providing quality infrastructure etc. For making urban settlements operationally efficient, economically vibrant, socially inclusive, and environmentally sustainable; urban roads need to be made safe to walk and drive. Priority of planning must shift from -planning for people from planning for vehicles— shifting from promoting accessibility rather than mobility.
If cities are known to be the motive force for promoting the economy , then transportation emrges most critical for any community/city/ nation to remain effectice, efficient and productive. Transportation is becoming complex due to large varieties of vehicles occupying the road space. Categories of vehicles include fast, slow, mechanised, non-mechanised, animal/ fossil fuel driven vehicles. Looking at the entire context, traffic and travel have emerged as the two worst gifts of urbanisation. However, travel remian the most unproductive and most polluting activity when undertaken by fossil fuel driven. vehicles. City becoming source of global warming and having large carbon footprints can be attributed to the manner people are made to travel. Genesis of major transportation problems remains the way cities are planned, developed and managed.. Focus on planning for vrhilces and promoting mobility remains the major causes for transportation related problems. Paper looks at the options of making transportation more sustainable by planning for people and promoting accessibility. In additios, using technology,planning as a medium and promoting decentralized planning have been defined as the mechanism for minimising traffic related issues and reducing loss of human life on the roads, known to be one of the largest killers globally..Text also looks at few of the global.good practices to make urban roads safe and sustainable
Cohesive City: Built Environment and Active TransportIJLT EMAS
Cotemporary development has transformed the city
structure and urban fabric. Several studies in public health
domain contemplate premeditated active transport as one of the
major decisive factor in enhancing urban dwellers’ quality of
life. Active transport and human powered transportation
includes walking, cycling and variants such as cycle rickshaws,
skateboards, push scooters, hand carts, etc. These modes provide
both transportation and recreation and are especially important
for short trips that form the largest share of trips in urban areas.
Since the built environment is the setting in which the use of
active transport manifests, if a sufficient condition is not
provided, it may deprive the individuals of any opportunity for
the activity to occur at all. This is why it is important to study the
built environment as a factor of walkability and develop
knowledge about creating urban environments that are
conducive for active transport. This paper discusses active
transport factors at various levels. Further, the paper dwells on
investigating the attributes of built environment at the street and
building level.
Key Words: Built
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
a leading international journal for publication of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Engineering and Science. IRJES is a open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community and industry for the submission of half of original research and applications.
Similar to Pedestrian priority in urban area and usefulness (20)
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Online aptitude test management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The purpose of on-line aptitude test system is to take online test in an efficient manner and no time wasting for checking the paper. The main objective of on-line aptitude test system is to efficiently evaluate the candidate thoroughly through a fully automated system that not only saves lot of time but also gives fast results. For students they give papers according to their convenience and time and there is no need of using extra thing like paper, pen etc. This can be used in educational institutions as well as in corporate world. Can be used anywhere any time as it is a web based application (user Location doesn’t matter). No restriction that examiner has to be present when the candidate takes the test.
Every time when lecturers/professors need to conduct examinations they have to sit down think about the questions and then create a whole new set of questions for each and every exam. In some cases the professor may want to give an open book online exam that is the student can take the exam any time anywhere, but the student might have to answer the questions in a limited time period. The professor may want to change the sequence of questions for every student. The problem that a student has is whenever a date for the exam is declared the student has to take it and there is no way he can take it at some other time. This project will create an interface for the examiner to create and store questions in a repository. It will also create an interface for the student to take examinations at his convenience and the questions and/or exams may be timed. Thereby creating an application which can be used by examiners and examinee’s simultaneously.
Examination System is very useful for Teachers/Professors. As in the teaching profession, you are responsible for writing question papers. In the conventional method, you write the question paper on paper, keep question papers separate from answers and all this information you have to keep in a locker to avoid unauthorized access. Using the Examination System you can create a question paper and everything will be written to a single exam file in encrypted format. You can set the General and Administrator password to avoid unauthorized access to your question paper. Every time you start the examination, the program shuffles all the questions and selects them randomly from the database, which reduces the chances of memorizing the questions.
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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PEDESTRIAN PRIORITY IN URBAN AREA AND USEFULNESS
TOWARDS COMMUNITY
Prof.Sejal S. Bhagat1
, Er. Manoj L. Patel 2
, Er. Palak S. Shah3
1
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Civil, Sarvajanik College of Engg. & Tech, Gujarat, India
2
PG Student, Civil Engineering, Sarvajanik College of Engg. & Tech., Gujarat, India
3
PG Student, Civil Engineering, Sarvajanik College of Engg. & Tech, Gujarat, India
Abstract
Transportation network has become nerve of any city, the paradox here is that though meant for human travel, these roads hardly
provide any quality space for those who are without vehicles (well known as pedestrian). Due to the ambiguous position of non-
motorized travel in an urban transportation system, the transportation conditions for non-motorized travel are getting worse in
cities, which illustrate the urgent need for the improvement for same. There is a requirement of combining traffic issues with
pedestrian in a comprehensive manner and will make it an important part of road design. Preservation of nature, opportunities
for cultural interface, a resource conserving environment with workable public transit and more occasions for walking should be
prime objectives of urban planners. For urban development, pedestrian system should be well designed, safe and convenient. The
Pedestrian Zone is the primary component of every street in a city. It is not only a zone to ensure smooth, comfortable, conflict
free movement of pedestrians and public transport users, but also an area which shapes social interactions, safety and quality of
life of people in a city. Pedestrian priority thus becomes a major and a very important phenomenon for urban development which
in a way helps quality of life in an urban area. With the increase in population and keeping in view the world pedestrian scenario,
this paper will bring some notices to facilities required, mode of travels to be looked upon and other such major issues are
discussed.
Key Words: Pedestrian Importance, Non motorized transport, Pedestrian Facility and Movement, Urban Scenario
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1. INTRODUCTION
Almost half of the world’s road traffic fatalities occur in
developing countries and pedestrian fatality share at the
national level is 13%. Whereas metropolitan cities like New
Delhi, Mangalore and Kolkata have a pedestrian fatality
share greater than 40%, as per CAI-Asia.(Clean Air
Initiative) Environmental friendly towns are intended to be
largely car free, with pedestrian’s environments. In another
aspect, CO2 emissions from road transport have increased at
7.75% per year as per CAI-Asia in 2011. Due to congestion
and delay, Liquid fuel consumption rate in transport sector
is 28% of the total petroleum product consumption in India
(Planning Commission). So this issue will be needed to be
addressed and efficient planning would be required in this
area.
[Source: Reference[1, 4]
]
Pedestrian characteristics: Pedestrian’s characteristics can
be divided into various groups such as it can be divided
according to physical space required, walking ability,
walking speed depends on age, gender, physical condition.
Activities: There are various activities occur in the walkway
area like vendors doing business, shopping, parking,
construction and other social activities.
MAIN PRINCIPLES:
[A] Mobility - An Obstruction free, safe, comfortable and
continuous walking zone must be ensured for pedestrians on
all roads of the city.
[B] Ecology: - Usage of Pervious Paving to build Natural
Drainage Systems - Reduce Heat Island Effect by increasing
paving reflectivity
[C] Safety/Comfort - Provide accessibility ramps and
tactile paving for the Handicapped- Continuous and uniform
walking area- Trees and high-albedo materials to ensure
optimal climatic comfort.
[Source: Reference[3]
]
1.1 Role of Non Motorized Modes of Travels
Currently, most urban transportation planning studies in
developing countries trends to concentrate on facilities for
motorized transport(public & private). the proliferation of
motorization leads to increase traffic congestion,
environmental deterioration and traffic accidents. Non
motorized transport (NMT) is one of the effective alternates
to alleviate negative aspects of motorization. The non
motorized mode of travel consist of pedestrian movements,
bicycles, cycle rickshaws and animal drawn vehicles. non
motorized modes use indigenously available human and
animal energy, are non polluting, safe & user friendly. they
involved low cost for operations. this modes are an ideal
options for trip length up to 5 km and are convenient in
congested area and for shopping and school trips.
Waking is perhaps the most fundamental mode of transport
for short distances and next reliable mode seems to be the
bicycles. while pedestrian and bicycle friendly facilities are
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necessary, quality urban environment ensuring safety,
proximity and access are also essential to maximize non
motorized travel. Extensive intermixing of non motorized
and motorized traffic on urban roads leads to traffic
congestion increase in journey time and in accidents. the
safety of pedestrian and bicyclist deteriorates as motorized
increases.
2. IMPORTANCE OF PEDESTRIAN
FACILITIES
Circulation of pedestrian is of vital importance's to the
modern metropolis. the city derives is vitality from the
interaction among people at places at business, assembly
and recreation. every trip be it by car, bus or train-begins
and ends as pedestrian movement. in urban area of
developing countries, the pedestrian trips constitutes a
significant portion of the total trips. Hence pedestrian traffic
management in Indian cities is a major concern deserving
serious attention regarding provision of pedestrian facilities.
formulation of an effecting process of managing pedestrian
traffic as an important element of the total urban
transportation system is essential.
2.1 Planning for Pedestrian Movement
Development should be arranged to enhance pedestrian
experience; easy access to building shelter from the
elements; securities and easy access to transit and
neighbouring services. priority should be accorded in the
design of routes used by school children, senior citizens,
physical challenged person and commuters. pedestrian
facilities should be continuous along all major streets and
highways. this should be direct and interconnect with all the
modes of transportation.
It is importance segregates the pedestrian from vehicular
traffic to reduced conflicts and accidents. the major facilities
for pedestrian on urban roads include sidewalks and
pedestrian crossing. the later comprises zebra crossings,
under passes and over bridges. until recently very little
studies has been directed towards observing pedestrian
behaviours and in using such data in the integrated design of
the road space with due attention of walking as traffic mode.
in consequences the traffic management of pedestrian leaves
must be desired.
The characteristics of pedestrian travel should be recognized
while designing pedestrian facilities. pedestrian traffic is
localized and is highly concentrated in retails and
commercials areas. Pedestrian trip purposes vary by location
and time of the day. pedestrian tend to keep walking
distances as short as possible. if the walking environment is
clean and attractive, the walking distance may be increased.
2.2 Sidewalks
Sidewalks are provided on most urban arterials, collector
street and in commercial and residential areas. however, the
quality and the width of sidewalks are often inadequate. it is
not uncommon to witness widening of carriageway on the
arterials at the expense of sidewalks. such a practice in
inadvisable, as the pedestrian tend to spill over to the
carriageway causing conflicts with the vehicular traffic. the
top surface of the sidewalk should be maintained clean, even
and free of dangerous holes, so as to encourage people to
use the sidewalk.
The capacity and serviceability of sidewalks in cities are
often impaired considerably due to cluttering of service
facilities are necessary, their location should be regulated to
reduce interface with pedestrian flow. the social
considerations of removal of hawkers from the sidewalks
defy an equitable solution which would be favourable to the
affected poor and at the same time are harmless to the traffic
situation. since a significant part of the urban population
seems to like the service rendered by the hawkers, it may be
desirable for the city authority to consider the possibility of
developing of low cost off-street market spaces near
crowded areas with relatively low daily/weekly rents so that
the number of hawkers on the sidewalks may be reduced.
some cities follow the policy of not permitting hawking on
footpaths with less than 2.7m width. the hawking stall width
is then restricted so that a minimum clear width of 1.5m is
available for pedestrian. the sidewalk should be segregated
by a raised kerb of 225mm height or be raised from road
level. it is observed that low footpaths of 100 to 150 mm
height above road level encourage better usage. provision of
guard railing at the kerb has been found effective in
preventing pedestrian from straying on to the carriageway.
this provision has also been used to channelize pedestrian
towards the designated crossings. when railing is provided,
the tendency of the hawkers to occupy the sidewalks is
discourage by the dominance of the pedestrian, the
improvement of sidewalks is perhaps the single most
important measure to be attended to by authorities
concerned with traffic management in many developing
country cities.
2.3 Pedestrian Crossings
Designated pedestrian crossings are necessary to ensure
safety of pedestrian wishing to cross busy urban roads. the
types of pedestrian crossings include: zebra crossing,
pedestrian underpass and pedestrian over bridge. while
zebra crossings and crossing at signalized intersections or
mid block crossing permit time segregation, grade separated
crossing such as under pass over bridge facilitate space
segregation.
[a] Zebra Crossings
A zebra crossing is a cheapest device to provide a protected
crossing. zebra crossings are to be provided at the
intersections and at mid block location, if necessary. the
white strips and stop line forming the complete zebra
crossing should be provided in the interest of saving lives,
though the painting involves additional expenditure. the
British highway code requires that the vehicle driver should
give priority to pedestrian once he steps on the carriageway
on the designated crossing. the compliance of such a
stipulation is difficult rely on in developing countries with a
large population and low levels of literacy.
The presence of police personnel at these crossings leads to
better compliance. provisions of kerb railing for about 50m
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on either side of crossings helps to guide the pedestrian
traffic on the pedestrian crossings. zebra crossings with
pedestrian activated signal control are not very effective in
cities in developing countries due to misuse. pedestrian
refuges or traffic islands aid pedestrian to cross wide multi
lanes roads safely. the width of refuges should be at least
1.8m.
Fig -1: Railing & Pedestrian Crossings at Intersection
[b] Crossings at signalized intersections
Pedestrian crossing at signalized intersection are found to be
very effective however it is necessary to ensure provisions
of sufficient green time for the crossing pedestrian,
particularly crossing wide roads. the introductions of
flashing green signal to indicate the approach of the end of
the green time for pedestrian will be useful.
Central refuge & bollard may also be added as shown in
figure to enhance safety.
[C] Pedestrian Underpasses
Provision of a pedestrian underpass (sometimes referred as
subway in India) is an engineering measure towards
reduction of accidents. It involves high cost on construction
and maintenance. In this system, the vehicular movement is
at grade and the pedestrian movement is below in tunnels or
underground concourses. Pedestrian underpasses can be
constructed by the cut-and-cover method as done in Chennai
or by bored tunneling which is prohibitively expensive. The
advantage of the underpass include: complete elimination of
conflicts between pedestrian and vehicles at point of
crossing ; built in protection from sun and inclement
weather; least disturbance to normal cityscape; and
provision of direct linkage to existing underground systems
and major activities centers. The disadvantages are: high
cost of construction; need for changes in grade and
numerous entry points; loss of visual contact with the city
surroundings; and potential security problem. If a few well
designed shops are established along tunnel part of the
underpass, the cost of the underpass can be partially or fully
recovered. The entry/exit points of the underpass should be
made conspicuous and elegant so as to attract the user. This
can be done by attending to lighting, signage and
landscaping at the entry/exit. Multi-arm underpasses may be
considered at intersection with high volume of pedestrian
movements. This will be particularly effective if the
pedestrian volume at a signalized intersection requires a
cycle time of more than 150 sec.
When properly designed and maintained, a pedestrian
underpasses can effectively attract users and afford them a
protected crossing. On the other hand, an underpass not used
by pedestrian due to inappropriate location, inadequate
design, unimaginative access treatment, or unsatisfactory
perception by the intended user may turn out to be a liability
to the community.
A study of the effectiveness of pedestrian underpasses in
Chennai has revealed that,
A. a good underpass compliance can be expected only
when the traffic on the road is heavy and there is
continued police presence.
B. when the width of the carriageway is less then
20m, it is difficult to expect the pedestrian to use
the underpass.
C. pedestrian tends to avoid an underpass with long
ramps if the traffic on road is in the form of
platoons.
D. the alignment of the underpass tunnel and the
access points should be close to the desired lines of
the users.
Pedestrian violations at the underpass locations can be
reduced by the provision of median railing for about 50m on
either side of the centerline of the underpass.
[d] Pedestrian over Bridge
Pedestrian over bridges across roads have generally been
unsuccessful, relative to pedestrian underpasses or at-grade
crossings. people do not seem to mind walking down first,
and by the time they arrive at the other end, are not
conscious of the trouble of walking up. in contrast, When
they reach an over bridge, people hesitate to climb stairs and
look for alternatives. pedestrian over bridges are likely to be
successful only across railway tracks and across wide roads
with heavy traffic. provision of escalators would encourage
the aged and the children to use the over bridges. elevated
walkways may be found successful across roads opposite
railway stations.
Skywalks are an extension of idea of pedestrian over
bridges. it is an elevated walkway dedicated to the
pedestrian for accessing facilities. they have been used in
many cities in commercial areas to connect different
commercial centers. Minneapolis is reported to have the
longest network of skywalks connecting 69 blocks.
Mumbai is the first city in India to go in for skywalks on a
big way. they mainly aim at provide easy and safe access to
busy suburban railway stations by providing skywalks in
continuation of foot over bridges in the station. they have
planned to provide 50 skywalks in the metropolitan area at a
cost of about Rs.600crores. they will connect railway
stations of high concentration and commercial points to
destinations having heavy pedestrian flow some of them
have already been completed. other cities in India are also
planning for skywalks at important locations.
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3. PEDESTRIAN MALLS AND PEOPLE MOVER
SYSTEMS
As traffic grows to meet the capacity of the road space, the
quality of life in the CBD tends to suffer from the adverse
effects of motor traffic; smoke, noise, visual intrusion and
lack of safety. This is particularly evident in shopping
activities. Current trend is to declare certain areas in the
CBD as pedestrian malls (also known as pedestrian
precincts) as part of redevelopment, e.g., Coventry city
centre and stevenage town centre in the UK, and certain
areas in the historic part of Munich, Germany. A policy of
traffic restraints is followed to permit servicing of the shops
during the night hours. Exclusion of motorized vehicular
traffic in a large part of the city centre enhances the
environmental quality and the facilitation of comfortable
shopping leads to commercial benefits. For success of
pedestrianisation, good public transport facilities, especially
rail transit and convenient parking for private vehicles at the
periphery of pedestrian malls are essential.
People mover systems are those specially meant for
movement of car users from the fringe parking lots to the
activity centers. there are many variants to these systems,
including moving belts, minibuses, electric trains like those
in world fairs, and monorail systems. An integration of
people movers, shopping areas, parking garages can be
innovatively managed so as to revitalize the CBD area, at
the same time providing for various modes of traffic.
4. PEDESTRIAN DESIGN GUIDELINES
The Governing Body of Unified Traffic and Transportation
Infrastructure (Plg. & Engg.) Centre (UTTIPEC) under the
Chairmanship of Sh. Tejendra Khanna, Hon’ble Lt.
Governor has approved the “Pedestrian Design Guidelines”
on 20.11.09 as per the recommendation of the Working
Group for immediate implementation, enforcement and
uniform adoption by all the road owning agencies.
Working Group had made deliberations in its various
meetings with the members, experts and resource persons in
the field of Urban Planning and Design, who have
contributed towards formation and finalization of this
document. The document contains graphics, sketches,
photographs on each aspect apart from brief write ups, to
make it more user-friendly.
⇒ Streets are valuable public spaces as well as
movement corridors.
⇒ Design of Streets is a function of the Street
Hierarchy and Adjacent Land uses.
⇒ Certain Street Design Components are non-
negotiable.
⇒ These components and additional guidelines for
world class streets – have been outlined in this
document.
[Source: Reference[3]
]
4.1 Increased Pedestrian Design consideration
⇒ Increase in comfort for current walking population.
⇒ Comfortable last mile connectivity from MRTS Stations
– therefore increased ridership of buses and Metro.
⇒ Reduced dependency on the car, if shorter trips can be
made comfortably by foot.
⇒ More exercise, so better health for people walking.
⇒ Prioritization of public transport and non-motorized
private modes in street design
⇒ Reduced car use leading to reduced congestion and
pollution.
⇒ More equity in the provision of comfortable public
spaces and amenities to all sections of society.
[Source: Reference[2]
]
4.2 Essential Components of all streets
Fig -2: Essential Components of all Streets
There should be essential components of streets includes
Pedestrian sidewalks and crossings, Non motorized vehicles,
utilities, facility concern to physically challenged, Private
vehicles, Public toilets, Trees, Rain water harvesting, well
facilitate bus stops, etc. Each and everyone components
equally weighted and take care to get better pedestrian
responses in feedback. One single component will also
connected to single or more community in direct or indirect
way.