Pedestrians include people walking, using wheelchairs, strollers, or other mobility aids. It is important for pedestrians to be visible and avoid dangerous behavior. Drivers must watch for pedestrians, obey speed limits, and be prepared to stop. Bicyclists and skateboarders act as pedestrians on paths and must yield to others. Guidelines specify minimum sidewalk widths based on pedestrian volume. Many roads lack safe crossings for pedestrians. The study analyzes physical characteristics and user experiences of sidewalks on selected roads to assess quality and safety. Results could improve pedestrian safety, comfort, and the street environment.

1. SUBMITED BY- SUBMITED TO-
ANKIT SINGH DR. S.N. SACHDEVA
M.TECH (TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING) SECTION HEAD (TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING)
ROLL NUMBER- 3140715 DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
NIT KURUKSHETRA NIT KURUKSHETRA

2. Introduction to pedestrian
Pedestrians can generally be defined as persons
walking or jogging, persons using wheelchairs or
mobility aids, people walking their dogs, people with
children’s strollers, in-line skaters, and skateboarders.

3. Importance
 Importance for pedestrians
As a pedestrian, it is your responsibility to make yourself visible and avoid
dangerous behavior and situations. When possible, utilize the sidewalk if
not available you should walk against the flow of traffic.
 Importance for drivers
It is important for drivers to be aware of crossing pedestrians at all times,
whether they are in marked or unmarked crosswalks. Obey the posted speed
limit and always be prepared to stop for pedestrians who may not see or hear
you.
 Importance for Bicycles
Bicyclists share the responsibility of being both a pedestrian and a vehicle.
When on a pathway, a bicyclist takes on the role of a pedestrian. Even as a
pedestrian you must travel at a safe speed, follow posted signs, and yield to
other pedestrians.

4.  Importance for Skateboards
Unlike bicycles, skateboarders must always act as
pedestrians. This means skateboarders must take care and
yield to other pedestrians while maintaining a safe speed.
In some areas skateboarding is prohibited, so it is
important to be aware and follow the posted laws.

5. IRC GUIDELINES for sidewalk..
Requirements of pedestrian facilities and sidewalk have been covered partially in
some of the earlier IRC Standards for instance IRC: 70-1977 “GUIDELINES ON
REGULATION AND CONTROL OF MIXED TRAFFIC IN URBAN AREAS” and
IRC:86-1983 “GEOMETRIC DESIGN STANDARDS FOR URBAN ROADS IN
PLAINS”
AS PER IRC:103-1989
SIDEWALK OR FOOTPATH
 Provide on both side above the level of carriage way separated by non-mountable
kerb. The height of kerb at edge not more than height of non mountable kerb.
 Height of kerb at the edge usually should not exceeded to 150mm.
 Width of sidewalk depends upon the expected pedestrians flows as per the
following table.

6.  in shopping areas increased by 1m treated as dead width where as sidewalk
adjacent to building & fences taken as 0.5m for the area like heavy activity
residential area, bus stop, railway station should be suitably increased.
DESIGN LEVEL OF SERVICE FOR SIDEWALK
LOS A- pedestrian space > 4.9 m2/person. Flow rate 12 p/min./m.
LOS B- pedestrian space >3.3-4.9 m2/p. Flow rate 12-15 p/min./m.
LOS C- Pedestrian space > 1.9-3.3 m2/p. Flow rate 15-21 p/min./m.
LOS D-Pedestrian space >1.3-1.9 m2/p. Flow rate 21-27 p/min./m.

7. LOS E- Pedestrian space > 0.6-1.3 m2. Flow rate 27-45 p/min./m.
LOS F- Pedestrian space > 0.6 m2/p. Flow rate varies.

9. Wide roads have built without sidewalks or frequent crosswalks
and high-speed traffic makes these roadways particularly
deadly. In many areas ,intersections with crosswalks may be as
much as a kilometer apart, leading pedestrians with no safe way
to cross the street.

10. 10

11. Present condition of sidewalk

15. Objectives of the study
 To study the footpaths of main road
 To study the physical characteristics of footpaths like
footpath surface, footpath width, obstructions,
encroachment, continuity and potential for vehicle
conflict etc.
 To study the user characteristics of footpath like safety &
security, comfort and work environment etc.
 To bring out overall quality and safety assessment of
footpaths of selected roads & locations.
 To determine the share of pedestrians using footpaths
and adjoining carriage ways.

16. Scope the research
 This study can be conducted for any other city for improving
existing provisions for sidewalk or footpaths.
 We can considered some additional factors like purpose of
pedestrian trips, peak time of pedestrian movement on the
roads and level of services of footpath can also be included
for future study.
 The scope of the study can be enlarged by including more
numbers of roads more locations and more of cities.
 The use of footpath by pedestrians is also affected by the type
of traffic on the adjoining road. The same may also be
considered in future study.

17. Methodology of the research
Has 4 main steps.
 Selection of cities
 Selection of study locations in cities
 Data collection
 Data analysis
SELECTION OF CITIES
SELECTION OF CITIES
TYPE AND SIZE OF CITY
POPULATION
SPATIAL NATURE OF
CITY
EASE OF DATA
COLLECTION

18. SELECTION OF STUDY LOCATIONS
SELECTION OF STUDY
LOCATIONS
TYPE OF LOCATIONS
LAND USE
WALKING OPERATIONS
VEHICULAR INTERFERENCE
PRESENCE OF FRICTIONS

19. DATACOLLECTION
DATA COLLECTION
MANUALLY
PHOTOGRAPHY
PEDESTRIAN
VOLUME COUNT
FOOTPATH
WIDTH
KERB HEIGHT
FOOTPATH
LOCATIONS OF
TREES
ELECTRIC
POLES
CLEANLINESS
OBSTRUCTIONS

20. DATA ANALYSIS
In data analysis we analysis all characteristics physical and user
characteristics of footpath that we have collected from the site like
footpath is existing already at the site or not if yes then footpath
width, surface, obstructions, encroachment, continuity &
potential of vehicle conflict and in user characteristics are safety &
security, comfort and work environment and check whether they
are compatible for existing sidewalk quality & type of traffic with
some design standards given by IS:103-1989.

21. Discussion
 The main and biggest reasons of non provisions of sidewalk
constructions or pedestrian facilities that I have noticed we don’t give
equal importance to the road construction as well as to the sidewalk
construction.
 The reasons for inadequacy of footpath width are lack of spaces on the
sides of the carriage way due to less importance given to the pedestrian
facilities at the planning stage as well as lack of awareness about
pedestrian safety among engineers and planners.
 The footpath surface unevenness may lead to discomfort to pedestrian.
To overcome this effect there should be proper quality control during
construction and negligible maintenance later on by authorities.
 Obstructions on footpath may or may not be there that affect the
continuity of sidewalk construction. It’s better to have a obstruction free
footpath way.
 Poor or no provision of sidewalk construction also lead to crash of
vehicles and pedestrian which may be a fatal or non fatal accident.

23. What we should do…? Or benefits of
sidewalk constructions
Provisions of bicycles lane, pedestrian walkways –
 Reduce the amount traffic and congestion on the
road.
 Reduce also the amount of air pollution.
Proper provisions of safe infrastructure like
overpass, underpass where there is needed.
Proper provisions of traffic signs, awareness &
education etc.

24. Results after provision of sidewalk construction
 Safety and security
 Comfort of pedestrian
 Oriented work environment

26. conclusion
 For safety & security among pedestrians there should be
street lighting for night vision and sufficient activities in the
surrounding areas and separation of pedestrians from vehicle
traffic.
 For comfort of pedestrian we can growing shady tress at the
outer side of sidewalk lane and some other features like wash
rooms, rain shelters and benches/chairs should be provided.
 Work environment should be clean to its full degree and no
heaps of dirtiness should be deposited here and there. There
should proper arrangement of to overcome this effect by
providing dustbin at some regular distance.

27. THANK YOU