5. • Renal Disease
• Renal Failure
– Acute – rapid onset of oliguria or anuria, and
azoturia – result from acute glomerular or
tubular necrosis or interstitial injury – often
reversible
– Chronic - end result of many chronic
conditions of the kidney
6. • Uremia – urine in blood
– Pulmonary oedema
– Fibrinous pericarditis
– Ulcerative and hemorrhagic ..gastritis and
stomatitis
– Atrial and aortic thrombosis
– Hypoplastic anemia
– Soft tissue mineralization
– Fibrous osteodystrophy
7. • Azotemia
– Renal
– Prerenal (renal hypoperfusion)
– Post renal (obstruction to the outflow of urine)
– Less Than 25% renal function---
hyperphosphatemia
8. Abnormalities of Development
• Abnormalities in the amount of renal tissue
• Abnormalities of position, form, and
orientation
• Renal dysplasia
• Renal cysts
16. Histological Changes
• Cellularity
• Neutophils and monocytes
• Swelling of the foot processes
• Thickening of the glomerular basement
membrane
• Glomerular tuft atrophy
17. Pathogenesis of Glomerulonephritis
• Deposition of immune complexs
– Deposition of circulating immune complexes
or localization of antigens and then binding to
antibodies
– In situ formation of antibodies against GBM
– Activation of alternative pathway of
complement
• Post streptococcal infection
18. Mechanism of injury
• Immune complexes
• Complement fixation
• Chemotaxis of neutrophils
• Mediators of inflammation