This document provides an overview of renal pathology, including:
- The functions and anatomy of the kidney.
- Common renal diseases such as glomerular diseases (glomerulonephritis), tubular diseases (acute tubular necrosis), and vascular diseases (nephrosclerosis).
- Clinical syndromes like nephritic syndrome (hematuria, edema) and nephrotic syndrome (proteinuria, edema).
- Specific diseases are then described in more detail, including minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and membranous nephropathy.
This presentation (made with the aid of Microsoft Powerpoint) depicts the morphological and clinical features, highlighting the pathology behind it.
I do not own copyrights for the images used in this video, however, kindly notify while sharing or using any material employed in this presentation. I hope you find this useful.
This presentation (made with the aid of Microsoft Powerpoint) depicts the morphological and clinical features, highlighting the pathology behind it.
I do not own copyrights for the images used in this video, however, kindly notify while sharing or using any material employed in this presentation. I hope you find this useful.
This presentation mainly deals with granuloma formation and various factors involved in it. It describes the examples of granulomatous disorders and gives a details on how to seperate them on histopathology.It also describes type 4 hypersensitivty reaction concisely
This presentation mainly deals with granuloma formation and various factors involved in it. It describes the examples of granulomatous disorders and gives a details on how to seperate them on histopathology.It also describes type 4 hypersensitivty reaction concisely
Professor peivand pirouzi pathology of the urinary system 2016
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Here's important & condensed ppt slides about hemostasis and its orchestrated steps and cogulation cascade, roles of endothelium,platelets and Coagulation protiens....!
The kidneys contain many coils of tiny blood vessels. Each of these is called a glomerulus. Glomeruli filter substances from the blood into the urine. Glomerulonephritis is a type of kidney disease where these coils become inflamed. This makes it hard for the kidneys to filter the blood.
Glomerulonephritis is an inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidneys.
It is of two type acute glomerulonephritis and chronic glomerulonephritis
Glomerulonephritis is defined as an inflammation of the glomerulus of the nephron in the kidney
Glomerulonephritis is defined as an inflammation or infection of the glomeruli
Glomerulonephritis is divided into two types:-
Acute glomerulonephritis
Chronic glomerulonephritis
Acute glomerulonephritis is an acute or sudden inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidneys
It is an immune mediated inflammatory disease of the capillary loops in the renal glomeruli. the antigen antibody complex deposition within the glomeruli results in glomerular injury which is manifested as hematuria, oliguria, edema and hypertension
abrupt onset
commonly seen in preschool are in early school age group of male children
Incidence
twice more common in males
mostly seen in children between five and eight years of age
peak incidence is seen at seven years of age
Etiology and risk factor
Nephritogenic strains of Group A beta streptococcus hemolyticus (type 12)
Initial infection of upper respiratory tract on a skin usually one to three weeks before the onset of symptoms
Systemic autoimmune diseases. With these types of diseases, the body’s immune system attacks healthy cells by mistake. Systemic means that many parts of the body are affected. An example of this is systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE or lupus).
Polyarteritis nodosa. This is an inflammatory disease of the arteries.
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis. This is a progressive disease that leads to widespread inflammation of all of the body's organs.
Henoch-Schönlein purpura. This disease causes small or large purple lesions (purpura) on the skin and internal organs. It causes other symptoms in several organ systems.
Alport syndrome. This is a form of inherited glomerulonephritis that affects both boys and girls. But boys are more likely to have kidney problems. Treatment focuses on preventing and treating high blood pressure and preventing kidney damage.
Hepatitis B. This infection can be passed from mother to baby or rarely contracted through a blood transfusion.
Other infections like bacterial endocarditis , viruses , HIV ,etc.
IgA nephropathy
Advanced ,irreversible impairment of renal function with or without symptoms
it may develop as primary disease or may occur in SLE ,drug induced nephropathies ,and polyarteritis nodosa
pathological changes – diffuse thickening of glomerular basement membrane are focal segmental glomerulosclerosis with variable deposition of immunoglobulin ,complement and fibrin.
GFR is reduced
mesangial cells proliferation may occur
introduction for renal system
nephron
protein & urine
definition of microalbuminuria
causes
atherosclerosis role
DM role (micro¯ovascular changes due to atherosclerosis )
Hypertension role
possible sign and symptoms associated with microalbuminuria
enjoooooooooy ....... :)
2. Introduction:
• 150gm: each kidney
• 1700 liters of blood filtered 180 L of G. filtrate
1.5 L of urine / day.
• Kidney is a retro-peritoneal organ
• Blood supply: Renal Artery & Vein
• One half of kidney is sufficient – reserve
• kidney function: Filtration, Excretion, Secretion,
Hormone synthesis.
6. Clinical Syndromes:
• Nephritic syndrome.
– Oliguria, Haematuria, Proteinuria, Oedema.
• Nephrotic syndrome.
– Gross proteinuria, hyperlipidemia,
• Acute renal failure
– Oliguria, loss of Kidney function - within weeks
• Chronic renal failure.
– Over months and years - Uremia
7. Introduction
• Functions of the kidney:
– excretion of waste products
– regulation of water/salt
– maintenance of acid/base balance
– secretion of hormones
• Diseases of the kidney
– glomeruli
– tubules
– interstitium
– vessels
40. Acute Tubular Necrosis
• The most common cause of ARF!
• Reversible tubular injury
• Many causes: ischemic (shock), toxic (drugs)
• Most patients recover
42. Benign Nephrosclerosis
• Found in patients with benign hypertension
• Hyaline thickening of arterial walls
• Leads to mild functional impairment
• Rarely fatal
47. Adult Polycystic Kidney Disease
• Autosomal dominant
• Huge kidneys full of cysts
• Usually no symptoms until 30 years
• Associated with brain aneurysms.
49. Childhood Polycystic Kidney Disease
• Autosomal recessive
• Numerous small cortical cysts
• Associated with liver cysts
• Patients often die in infancy
