The document discusses hypertension (high blood pressure) including its classification, pathogenesis, complications, and pathological features. It notes that essential (primary) hypertension accounts for 95% of cases and has unknown etiology, while secondary hypertension makes up 5-10% of cases and has a known cause such as renal or endocrine disorders. Complications of long-term high blood pressure include damage to organs like the heart, brain, kidneys and eyes due to reduced blood flow and vessel damage over time.

1. Keep Smiling….!  “ It will help you to grow up in greater happiness & Love for each other." Mother Teresa 1910-1997, Roman Catholic Missionary

2. Pathology of Hypertension: Dr. Venkatesh M. Shashidhar. Associate Professor & Head of Pathology

8. Pathogenesis of Renovascular HTN:  GFR Renin by JGA Angiotensin II Vasoconstriction  P. Resistance Sodium Retention  Blood Volume Aldosterone Hypertension

13. Left Ventricular Hypertrophy: Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

14. Hyperplastic Arteriolosclerosis: Onion Skin Thickening Of arterioles. Narrow Lumen

15. Nephrosclerosis in HPTN: Artery Sclerosis Artery Sclerosis PCT hydropic deg.

16. Nephrosclerosis in HPTN: Artery Sclerosis Glom. Sclerosis Artery Sclerosis PCT hydropic deg.

17. Necrotizing arteriole: Malignant HPTN Fibrinoid Necrosis Thrombosis

19. Cerebral Infarction (Stroke) : Haemorrhagic Necrosis

21. Benign Nephrosclerosis: Leathery Granularity due to minute scarring

22. Cerebral Infarction:

24. Renal Artery stenosis - Atrophy Leathery Granularity Benign Nephrosclerosis

25. Normal Retina - Fundoscopy