This document discusses urinary tract infections (UTIs). It notes that UTIs are most commonly caused by Escherichia coli bacteria entering the urinary tract from the colon. Symptoms can include dysuria, low grade fever, frequency, urgency, and flank pain or high fever with pyelonephritis. Diagnosis involves examining a clean catch urine sample under a microscope for signs of pyuria, neutrophils, bacteria, and gram-negative bacilli through gram stain and culture tests to confirm E. coli as the causative organism. Complications can include sepsis, prostatitis, or prostatic abscess if not properly treated.

1. Pain nourishes courage. You
can't be brave if you've only
had wonderful things happen
to you.
– Mary Tyler Moore

2. CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
The foundation of clinical medicine.
Shashidhar Venkatesh Murthy
A/Prof & Head of Pathology
College of Medicine & Dentistry
BPH2: Urinary Tract Dis: UTI
CPC : Term4 Week3 - BPH 2/6
System : Urinary Tract.
Topic : 1: Overview 2: UTI 3: BPH 4: Tumours 5: Obstructions Lithiasis 6: Others 7: GLS

3. 3
UTI: Overview
 Urethritis, Cystitis, Prostatitis, Pyelonephritis
 90% by Escherichia coli *, Recurrence (40%),
 Uropathogenic strains (UPEC). P fimbriae or pili
– bind to urothelium.
 Colonize colon spread to urinary tract.
 Staph. Saprophyticus, Proteus, Klebs., Entero.,
Ureaplasma.. - Rare
Clinical:
 Females*, Anatomy*, sexual, UT abnormality /
Obstructions.
 Dysuria, Low grade fever, frequency, urgency,
 Flank pain, high fever, – pyelonephritis.
 Complications: E coli septicemia* endotoxins
 DIC*, Prostatitis, Prostatic abscess.

4. A friend is someone with
whom you dare to be
yourself.
– Frank Crane

5. 5
UTI: Diagnosis: E coli
 Blood: Leukocytosis – neutrophilia
 Midstream clean catch Urine specimen*
 Dipstick: Leukocyte esterase & nitritie +ve.
 Urine: pyuria, neutrophils, bacteria,
Microscopy gram stain:
 Gram negative Bacilli, Lactose fermenting.
 Also Entero.. & Klebsiella ferment lactose.
 Further tests to confirm: E coli  urease –ve
(unlike Klebsiella & Proteus +ve)
 MacConkey agar* selective, indicator media.
 24h, 37°C, Aerobic, Pink colony
(lactose ferment  acid  pH indicator),
 Beta-hemolytic on blood agar.

6. A friend is someone with
whom you dare to be yourself.
– Frank Crane