The document explains the past perfect tense, which refers to an event that occurred earlier than some past time or event that is being discussed. It provides examples of using the past perfect tense, such as "John had gone out when I arrived in the office." It also discusses using the past perfect tense with "just" to refer to something that happened a short time ago. The document then provides exercises for learners to practice using the past perfect tense, past continuous tense, and simple future tense.
POWER POINT 2 .pptx verbs,present tense,BesnikQyteza
In the third person singular most of the verbs end in -s: he wants, she needs, he gives, she thinks.
2) Negative and question forms use DOES (= the third person of the auxiliary 'DO') + the infinitive of the verb. He wants ice cream. Does he want strawberry? He does not want vanilla.3) Verbs ending in -y : the third person changes the -y to -ies: fly --> flies, cry --> cries Exception: if there is a vowel before the -y: play --> plays, pray --> prays
4) Add -es to verbs ending in:-ss, -x, -sh, -ch: he passes, she catches, he fixes, it pushes
FORMATION: SUBJECT + VERB “TO BE”(am,is,are) + MAIN VERB + ING
USE:
to describe an action that is going on at this moment:
EXAMPLE: You are using the Internet. You are studying English grammar.
2) to describe an action that is going on during this period of time or a trend:
EXAMPLE: Are you still working for the same company? More and more peopleare becoming vegetarian.
3) to describe an action or event in the future, which has already been planned or prepared:
EXAMPLE: We're going on holiday tomorrow. I'm meeting my boyfriend tonight. Are they visiting you next winter?
4) to describe a temporary event or situation:
EXAMPLE: He usually plays the drums, but he's playing bass guitar tonight. The weather forecast was good, but it's raining at the moment.
2) An action performed during a period that has not yet finished.
EXAMPLE: She has been to the cinema twice this week (= and the week isn't over yet.)
3) A repeated action in an unspecified period between the past and now.
EXAMPLE: We have visited Portugal several times.
4) An action when the time is not important.
EXAMPLE: He has read 'War and Peace'. (= the result of his reading is important)
ACTIONS STARTED IN THE PAST AND CONTINUING IN THE PRESENT
They haven't lived here for years.
She has worked in the bank for five years.
We have had the same car for ten years.
WHEN THE TIME PERIOD REFERRED TO HAS NOT FINISHED
I have worked hard this week.
It has rained a lot this year.
We haven't seen her today.
ACTIONS REPEATED IN AN UNSPECIFIED PERIOD BETWEEN THE PAST AND NOW.
They have seen that film six times
It has happened several times already.
She has visited them frequently.
WHEN THE PRECISE TIME OF THE ACTION IS NOT IMPORTANT OR NOT KNOWN
Someone has eaten my soup!
Have you seen 'Gone with the Wind'?
She's studied Japanese, Russian, and English.
FORMATION: SUBJECT + HAVE/HAS + BEEN + MAIN VERB + ING
USE:
Actions that started in the past and continue in the present
EXAMPLE: She has been waiting for you all day (= and she's still waiting now). I've been working on this report since eight o'clock this morning (= and I still haven't finished it). They have been travelling since last October (= and they're not home yet).
2) Actions that have just finished, but we are interested in the results
EXAMPLE: She has been cooking since last night (= and the food on the table looks delicious). It's been raining (= and the streets are still wet).
Cung cấp giáo viên nước ngoài đến từ các quốc gia sử dụng tiếng Anh là ngôn ngữ chính: Anh, Úc, Mỹ, Cananda và có bằng chuyên môn đạt chuẩn quốc tế, công ty Hawaii luôn đảm bảo chất lượng giáo viên ưu tú và đây là mối quan tâm hàng đầu của Hawaii Education. Bên cạnh đó, để được giảng dạy chính thức giáo viên phải và thông qua quá trình tuyển dụng, kiểm tra trình độ, đồng thời có kinh nghiệm sư phạm lâu năm, dễ dàng nắm bắt những khó khăn của học viên trong quá trình học. Giúp nâng cao chất lượng học viên cũng như uy tín của khách hàng.
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5 english grammar_in_use_-_grammar_reference By Engr Inayatullah BalochEngr Inayat ullah
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Quality & Excellence in Education
Balochistan University of Information Technology,
Engineering and Management Sciences Quetta balochistan
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The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
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The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
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The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
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2. WHAT IS PAST PERFECT TENSE ?
1. When we talk about something that happened in the past we sometimes
want to refer back to something that happened before that time. We can
use the past perfect tense (had + past participle) to do this.
2. The Past Simple Tense is used when events are described in order in which
they occurred.
3. The Past Perfect Tense in English is composed of two parts: the past tense of
the verb to have (had) + the past participle of the main verb.
3. Examples
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I had decided I hadn’t decided Had I decided?
You had decided You hadn’t decided Had you decided?
He,She,It had decided He hadn’t decided Had she decided?
We,They had decided We,They hadn’t decided Had we decided?
She hadn’t decided Had they decided?
4. Function of Past Perfect
The past perfect tense refers to a time earlier than before now.
a) John had gone out when I arrived in the office.
b) I had saved my document before the computer crashed.
c) When they arrived, we had already started cooking.
d) He was very tired because he hadn’t slept well.
*In these examples, Event A is the first or earliest event, Event B is the second
or latest event
5. Past Perfect + just
‘Just’ is used with the past perfect to refer to an event that was only a short
time earlier than before now
EXAMPLES:
1. The train had just left when I arrived at the station.
2. She had just left the room when the police arrived.
3. I had just put the washing out when it stared to rain.
7. PAST PERFECT TENSE EXERCISE
Eg:1) When I arrived at the cinema, the film [had started ](start).
2) After they [ ](eat) the cake, they began to feel sick.
3) The garden was dead because it [ ](be) dry all summer.
4) The lights went off because we [ ](not/pay) the electricity bill.
5) They [ ](not/eat) so we went to a restaurant.
6) When she went out to play, she [ ](do / already)her homework.
7) The children collected the chestnuts that [ ](fall)from the tree.
8) I [ ](to be) very tired because I [ ](to study) too much.
9) You [ ](not/study) for the test, so you were very nervous.
10) I [ ] (not/have) breakfast when he arrived.
8. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
It is used to express a continued or ongoing action in past, an ongoing
action which occurred in past and completed at some point in past.
It expresses an ongoing nature of an action in past.
Also called past progressive.
If the subject is ‘he ,she ,it, I, singular or proper noun’ then auxiliary verb
“was” is used.
If subject is ‘ you ,we, they, or plural” then auxiliary verb “were” is used.
9. Examples
Affirmative
1.She was crying yesterday.
2.They were climbing on a hill.
Negative(Not)
1.She was not crying yesterday.
2.They were not climbing on a hill.
Interrogative
1.Was she crying yesterday?
2.Were they climbing on a hill?
11. PAST CONTINUOS TENSE
Eg“:1) Julie [ was sleeping] (sleep) at three o'clock.
2) Luke [ ] (read) at two o’clock.
3) We [ ] (watch) TV at three o’clock.
4) You [ ] (not/play) cards when the murder happened.
5) You [ ] (cook) lunch at five o’clock.
6) [ ](he/have) a shower when I called?
7) I [ ](try) to fix my computer.
8) When I phoned my friends, they [ ](play)monopoly.
9) We [ ](not / cycle)all day.
10) I[ ] (practise)the guitar when he came home.
12. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
1.It is used to express an action which has not occurred yet and will occur after
saying or in future.
2.”Will” is used with all persons.
3.”Shall” can be used instead of “will” with I/We.
4. Contractions :
*I will – I’ll
*You will – You’ll
*He,She will – He’ll , She’ll
*We will – We’ll
*They will – They’ll
13. Examples
Affirmative Negative Interrogative Interrogative
negative
I will go. They will not see. Will she ask? Won’t she take?
I shall go. They won’t see.
14. Function of Simple Future
1.To predict a future event
eg : It will rain tomorrow.
2.To express willingness
eg : He’ll carry your bag for you.
3.To express unwillingness
eg : The baby won’t eat his soup.
4.To make an offer
eg : Shall I open the window?
5.To give an invitation
eg : Will you come to the dance with me?
16. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
Eg:1) You[will meet] (meet)a beautiful woman.
2) It [ ] (to snow) in the mountains tomorrow evening.
3) You [ ](get)a lot of money.
4) You and your wife[ ] (travel)around the world.
5) They [ ](not/refuse)to make you happy.
6) Wait! I[ ] (drive) you to the station.
7) You[ ] (buy)a beautiful house.
8) Listen! There's someone at the door. I [ ] (open) the door for you.
9) Your friends[ ] (envy) you.
10) You[ ] (get) a lot of money.
