The document discusses the present perfect and past perfect tenses in English. The present perfect tense uses "has/have" and refers to an action that began in the past and continues to the present. Examples are given such as "I have lived in this city for six months." The past perfect tense uses "had" and refers to an action that occurred before something else in the past. Examples of the past perfect continuous tense are also provided.

2. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
subject + has / have + Verb in past participle + complement
(she,he,it)/ (they,we,you,I)
An action that started in the past and continues to
the present.
Example:
I have lived in this city for six months.
She has eaten a pizza in that restaurant.
They have taken a taxi to go to the mall.

3. Examples of the present perfect:
 My mother has just gone to the store.
 Janet has lived abroad for five years.
 I haven’t seen the new movie yet.
 Have you finished your homework?
It’s very common to use the contractions ‘ve and ‘s in the present
perfect:
 I’ve been to Japan three times.
 My mother’s just gone to the store.
 Janet’s lived abroad for five years

4. PAST PERFECT TENSE
subject + had + Verb in past participle + complement
(she,he,it,they,we,you,I)
An action that happened before a time in the past
Example:
*When I arrived at the office this morning, I discovered that
I had left my computer on the night before.
* My mom had gone to the cinema and my dad had invited
her to have dinner in a great restaurant.

5. EXAMPLES
 I had been to Japan twice by the time I was 10 years old.
 When I woke up this morning, my husband had already
eaten breakfast
It’s common to use the contraction ‘d in the past perfect:
 I’d traveled to five different countries by the time I was 20
years old.

6. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
subject + had + been +Verb –ing + C
 I had been watching a terror movie in my friends’ house.
 My parents had been taking two months vacations to travel to
Cusco
 My cousin had been buying the last fashion jeans in an
american store.
 The dog had been drinking milk in the Street.
 The students had been playing soccer in the school yard.

7. PRACTICE