This document discusses the present perfect simple tense in English. It explains that the present perfect tense is used to describe actions that happened at an unspecified time in the past, recent events, or actions that began in the past but continue in the present. It provides examples of affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms of the present perfect tense and lists irregular past participles. It also discusses time expressions like "for," "since," "already," and "yet" that are used with the present perfect tense and provides examples of their usage.

1. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE TENSE

2. USES
• Actions that happened at an unspecified time in
the past.
Example: I have been to India.
• To describe recent events.
Example: She has just broken her leg.
• For actions that started in the past but continue
in the present.
Example: I have been a teacher for 23 years.
• For actions with consequences in the present.
Example: I have broken my leg.

3. FORM
• Subject + have / has + Past Participle
Example: She has worked here since 1996.
• Subject + haven’t / hasn’t + Past Participle
Examples: Tom and Mary haven’t studied enough to pass the
exam.
• Have/has + subject + Past Participle?
Examples: Has Peter won the championship?
AFFIRMATIVE
I
You
We
You
They
He
she
it
NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
Has + past
participle
SHORT
ANSWER
Yes, …have.
No, … haven’t
Have +
past
participle
I
You
We
You
They
He
she
it
Haven’t +
past
participle
Hasn’t +
past
participle
Have
Has
I
You
We
You
They
He
she
it
+ past
participle
+ past
participle

4. PAST PARTICIPLE OF VERBS
There are two types of Past Participles:
Regular: We add –ed or –d to the base form
stop – stopped
work – worked
study – studied
Irregular: we need special forms. We can find them in the
Irregular verbs list, usually in the third column.
sleep – slept
sing - sung
http://alexisbenglishclass.wikispaces.com/Irregular+verbs

5. TIME EXPRESSIONS USED WITH THE PRESENT PERFECT:
FOR – SINCE
(used as prepositions in sentences with a verb in the
present perfect tense expressing that an action still goes
on)
- FOR: A period of time
Bono has performed on stage for 20 years.
- SINCE: The moment when the action started
I haven’t seen Mary since last week.

6. TIME EXPRESSIONS USED WITH THE PRESENT PERFECT:
ALREADY – YET
(used as adverbs in sentences with a verb in the present
perfect tense when we are talking about personal
experiences)
- ALREADY: Sooner than expected (affirmative sentences and
some questions)
They’ve already sold 12 million bands.
Have you already done your homework?
- YET: The speaker is expecting something to happen (negative
sentences and questions)
He hasn’t found a sponsor yet.
Has the programme started yet?
Mid position (before main verb)
End position (end of sentence)

7. OTHER TIME EXPRESSIONS USED WITH THE PRESENT
PERFECT TENSE:
(In sentences with a verb in the present perfect tense when
we are talking about personal experiences)
- JUST: Only a moment ago
The train has just left.
- EVER: At any time
Have you ever done any charity challenges?
We haven’t ever eaten in this restaurant.
- NEVER: At no time
I’ve never been there.
Mid position (before main verb)
Mid position (before main verb)
Mid position (before main verb)

8. - RECENTLY: At a time immediately before the present
Has Janet talked to him recently?
- LATELY: Not long ago
Have you seen her lately?
- ONCE: One time
I’ve been to London once in my life.
- TWICE: Two times
I’ve been to London twice in my life.
- THREE TIMES...:
I’ve been to Paris three times in the last 5 years.
Usually, end position
Usually, end position
Usually, towards the end of sentence
Usually, towards the end of sentence
Usually, towards the end of sentence

9. QUESTIONS
- How long have you taught English at Secondary
School?
I have taught English at Secondary School for
18 years.
- Since when have you taught English at
Secondary School?
I have taught English at Secondary School
since 1992.