The document provides examples and exercises for teaching English grammar concepts such as past perfect tense, minimal word pairs, and distinguishing between sounds. It includes sample sentences using past perfect tense to talk about events that happened before another event in the past. Exercises ask students to rewrite sentences using past perfect tense correctly or identify mistakes in usage of past vs. past perfect tense. Key grammar points covered are formation and uses of past perfect tense to talk about prior completed actions and signal words that indicate its usage.

1. LANGUAGE FOCUS Unit 3 School talks Designed by Nguyen Thi Mai Hong

3. Minimal pairs bet head pedal shell net bat had paddle shall gnat HAVE-HAD-HAD SHALL=WILL

6. THE PAST PERFECT I went to a party last week. Tom went to the party too. Tome went home at 10:30. So, when I arrived 11 o’clock, Tom wasn’t there.  When I arrived at the party, Tom had gone home.

7. Uses: - Talk about thing that happens before another. Signal words: When, before, after, because, by the time… Ex: When I got home, I found that someone had broken into my flat and had stolen my fur coat. After I had finished my housework, I watched TV. - It can be considered as the past tense of the present perfect. Formation: (+) S+ HAD+ P2+… (-) S+ HADN’T + V+ … (?) HAD+ S+ V+…? I wasn’t hungry. I’d just had lunch. I’m not hungry. I have just had lunch.

8. Use the verbs in brackets in the past perfect. 1. Why did Tom’s mother get angry with him? Because he( break) her favorite vase. had broken

9. 2. When did you watch TV last night? When I (do) all my homework. had done

10. 3.How did they like our city? They said it was the loveliest city they ever (see). had ever seen

11. 4. It rained yesterday after it( dry) for months. had dried

15. Exercise 2- page 40 1. We just (finish) dinner when they (come). 2. He seldom (travel) by bicycle before he (go) to Vietnam. 3. Ann (go) to get the carpet for the room but someone already (take) it. 4. You (manage) to see the Director, or he (go) out by the time you (get) there? 5. He just (get) home when you (phone). He (be) in New York. had just finished/ came went/ had already taken had seldom traveled/ went Did …manage/ had gone/ got had just gone/ phone/ was

16. Homework: Read the story in page 40 and find five mistakes to correct.