Parenteral preparations provide an effective route of drug delivery when other routes are not possible due to a patient's physical or mental state. They avoid irritation of the digestive system and allow for precise dosing directly to a targeted area of the body. However, there are also disadvantages like potential allergic reactions, introduction of microorganisms, and injury from injections. Parenteral routes have a more rapid onset of action than other routes and can be used for drugs that are poorly absorbed or inactive when given orally. Common parenteral formulations include powder for injection, colloidal solutions, injectable emulsions, suspensions, and oily injections.

1. PARENTERAL PREPARATIONS
ANGLES OF INSERTION
ADVANTAGES
• Effective route for drug delivery when the patient’s
physical or mental state would make other routes
difficult.
• Do not irritate the digestive system.
• Can deliver a precise dose to a targeted area of the
body (i.e. into a joint or within the spinal canal).
• No first pass effect.
THE ART OF GOOD INJECTION
THERAPY
“The right medicine”,
“in the right quantity”,
“given in the right stop”,
“at the right time”.
SUB
CUTANEOUS
INTRATHECAL EPIDURAL
PARENTERAL ROUTES TYPES OF PARENTERALS
DISADVANTAGES
• Patient may have allergic reaction.
• Introduction of microorganisms.
• Injections can cause injury to tissue, nerves, veins,
and other vessels.
• Injections can traumatize a vein and cause a possible
hematoma.
INTRA
ARTERIAL
INTRA
ARTICULAR
INTRA
VITREAL
INTRA
CARDIAC
INTRA
PERITONEAL INTRA NASAL
• Parenteral routes of administration usually have a more
rapid onset of action (show their effects more quickly)
than other routes of administration.
• Can be used for drugs that are poorly absorbed, inactive
or ineffective if given orally.
• The IV route provides immediate onset of action.
• The intramuscular and subcutaneous routes can be used
to achieve slow or delayed onset of action.
• Patient concordance problems can be avoided.
• Powder for injection
e.g. Cefuroxime for injection
• Colloidal solution
e.g. Iron dextran
• Injectable emulsion
e.g. Propofol USP
• Injectable suspension
e.g. Methylprednisolone acetate
• Oily injection (solution)
e.g. Dimercaprol injection.
• Infusion fluid
• Two Greek words:
1.Para (outside) 2.Enteron (Intestine)
• Sterile preparations
• Intended to be administrated directly into the systemic
circulation in human or animal body.
WHY WE FORMULATE
PARENTERALS?
INTRA
CEREBRAL
VENTRO
GLUTEAL SITE
INTRA
PLEURAL
PARENTERAL DOSAGE FORM
JAVERIA MALIK
INTRA
VENOUS
INTRA
MUSCULAR
INTRA
DERMAL