1) Opiates are derived from the opium poppy plant and include drugs like morphine, codeine, heroin, and vicodin. 2) Heroin can be injected, snorted, or smoked, while other opiates like codeine are usually taken orally or injected. 3) Signs of opiate use include lethargy, pinpoint pupils, shallow breathing, and needle marks. Opiates carry high risks of addiction and overdose.

1. Opiates Related
Disorder
Dr. Sushma Rathee
Assistant Clinical Psychologist , PGIMER,
Chandigarh
Email: sushmaratheecp@gmail.com

2. Opiates
 Opiates are derived from the resin of apoppyplant.
 Types of Opiates:
 Morphine, Demerol, Codeine, and Vicodin: legallyprescribed for pain
in the U.S.
 Heroin: no approved medical use in the U.S.
 Codeine and morphine are usually injectedor taken orally as pills.
 Methods of abusing heroin:
 Injection into avein (“Mainlining”)
 Snorting through the nose
 Smoking (“Chasing the Dragon”): heroin is heated on aluminum foil in
order to boil and vaporize the heroin.The fumes are then inhaled.

3. Heroin, Smack,
“Pain Pills”
Codeine,
Demerol,

4. • Opium is a highly addictive narcotic drug
acquired in the dried latex form the opium
poppy (Papaver somniferum) seed pod.
• Opium has been actively collected since
approximately 3400 BCE. The upper Asian belt
of Afghanistan, Pakistan, northern India, and
Burma still account for the world's largest
supply of opium.

7. Methods of use
• Heroin which is derived from opium is most often injected, however,
it may also be vaporized (or smoked), sniffed (also known as
snorting), used as a rectal suppository, or orally ingested by mouth.
• Smoking, snorting or orally ingesting heroin does not produce an
intense "rush" as might be experienced with intravenous (IV)
injection.
• Oral ingestion does not usually lead to a "rush", but use of heroin in
suppository form may have intense euphoric effects.
• Heroin can be strongly addictive by any given route, and its use can
be hard to overcome.

11. Signs and Symptoms of Opiate Use
Lethargy
Lack of motivation
Drowsiness
FlushedAppearance
Shallow Breathing
Needle marks and/or open sores on body

15. Mental Effects of Opiate Use
Effects of an opiate depend on the opiate used, the dose, and the way the drugis taken.
• A short-lived state of euphoria(sometimes called “rush”) isexperiencedimmediately. Itisoften described as similar to a
sexual experience.
• Quickly after the “rush”, the followingoccurs:
• Drowsiness
• Slurred speech
• Decreasedheart rate
• Slowed breathing
• Slowed brain activity
• “Nod”: a stuporous condition, bordering on passing out
Addiction:
• Opiates have an unusuallyhigh potential for abuseand addiction.
• Because the “rush” isso pleasurable, and becauseit subsidesso quickly, peopleoften searchfor the “rush” again.
• Subsequentuse of the drug isneveras pleasurableas the first “rush”, leading individuals to become stuck inthe search,
thus becoming addicted.

16. Physical Effects of OpiateUse
Skin Infections
Inability to stay awake Irregular heart
rate/blood pressure Irregular menstrual cycles
in women Depressed appetite, thirst, and
reflexes
Increased tolerance for pain
Decreased sexual pleasure

18. Commonly Abused Prescription
Medications
Drug Prescribed toTreat How TheyWork in
the Body
Potential
Problemsif
Misused or
Abused
Stimulants
(Ritalin, Adderall,
Concerta)
Narcolepsy, attention
deficit/hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD) and
other conditions
Speeds up brainactivity
causing increased alertness,
attention and energy.
This also elevates blood
pressure and increases heart rate
and breathing.
Can lead to dangerous
increases in blood
pressure, which places
added strain on the heart.
Dangerous increases in
heart rateand
respiration are also possible.
Sedatives/tranq
uilizers (Valium,
Xanax, Ativan,
Klonopin,
Ambien)
Anxiety, tension,
panic attacks, and sleep
disorders
Slows down or“depresses” the
functions of the brain and
central nervous system.
Can cause
withdrawal
seizures.
Opioid
analgesics
(Vicodin,
OxyContin,
Percocet,
Methadone)
Moderate to severe
pain (may be
prescribedafter
surgery)
Blocks pain messages from
reaching thebrain.
Can cause respiratory
depression with slow
and shallowbreathing.

19. Misuse and Abuse of
Prescriptions
 Misusing of a prescription medication includes:
 Taking a medication thatis prescribed to you in a way thatdiffers from
what thedoctor prescribed (for example, taking a higherdose thanis
recommended by your healthcare professional to alleviate symptoms).
 Trying to self-medicate with someone else’s medication.
 Obtaining andusing a prescription drugthatwas not prescribed to you.
 Abuse of a prescription medication includes:
 Intentionally using a prescription drugto experiment with it.
 Intentionally using a prescription drugto feelgood.
 Intentionally using a prescription medication to “get high”.
.